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Ecology of yeasts in forest soils
Mašínová, Tereza ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Marečková, Markéta (referee) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Microbial communities inhabiting upper soil horizons represent an important component of forest ecosystems. However, despite the evidence that yeasts represent an integral part of topsoil fungal communities, their role in forest ecosystems received so far little attention. The aims of my PhD thesis were to describe yeast communities in soil and litter of a temperate forest using high- throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, identify dominant yeast species and to explore how the composition of yeast communities reflects the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. I also aimed to isolate yeasts from forest topsoil, describe novel yeast taxa abundant according to the environmental DNA survey and screen representative isolates for the traits relevant to their involvement in organic matter transformation. I have demonstrated that in forest topsoil, yeasts represent a substantial proportion of fungal communities with higher relative abundance in soil than in litter. In litter, yeast communities differ significantly among beech, oak and spruce-dominated stands. Drivers of community assembly are probably more complex in soils and comprise the effects of soil chemistry and vegetation. Even though there are similarities in the response of the communities of yeasts and filamentous fungi to...
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Dermatophytes isolated from the hair of free-living rodents
Žárová, Štěpánka ; Čmoková, Adéla (advisor) ; Mašínová, Tereza (referee)
Dermatophytes (order Onygenales, Ascomycota) are microscopic filamentous keratinophilic fungi that can cause skin infections known as dermatophytosis. The most diverse but not very studied genus Arthroderma has been revised recently (Míková 2018) which was essential for further research. This genus comprises mostly species with a supposed reservoir in soil. Lack of information about their ecology and frequent isolation of some species from the hair of free- living mammals (mainly rodents) may testify a strong host association. Rodents could thus represent the hidden reservoir of this species. For this thesis, I have chosen three ecologically distinct rodent species: Mus musculus, Apodemus flavicollis, and Clethrionomys glareolus. I obtained the material by brushing the hair of asymptomatic individuals and used this material for cultivation on selective medium. I identified the isolates of dermatophytes (n = 30) using molecular methods. I used sequences of three highly variable loci (ITS, tubb a tef1α) to incorporate these isolates in the phylogenetic analysis based on the monography of the genus Arthroderma (Míková 2018). I characterized the phenotype of selected strains based on morphological and physiological data including the ability to utilize keratin and the production of siderophores. The...
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Mycorrhizal fungal diversity along altitudinal gradients
Schultzová, Pavlína ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Mašínová, Tereza (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is an integral component of all terrestrial ecosystems and the most widespread mutualistic association in the world. Nevertheless, our current knowledge regarding diversity patterns of mycorrhizal fungi along altitudinal gradients is considerably limited. Published studies to date suggest either a decrease in mycorrhizal fungal diversity with increasing elevation or a hump-shaped pattern, similar to the general altitudinal diversity patterns that have been observed in macroorganisms. Lower mycorrhizal fungal diversity at higher elevations in some regions may significantly impact host plants migrating upward due to global warming. Therefore, insights into the shifts in mycorrhizal fungal distribution along elevational gradients can provide better predictions of future effects of climate change on mycorrhizal fungi and host plants. In order to advance our knowledge of mycorrhizal fungal diversity, it is crucial to deepen our understanding of the factors that shape mycorrhizal fungal responses along altitudinal gradients.
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Ecology of yeasts in forest soils
Mašínová, Tereza ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Marečková, Markéta (referee) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Microbial communities inhabiting upper soil horizons represent an important component of forest ecosystems. However, despite the evidence that yeasts represent an integral part of topsoil fungal communities, their role in forest ecosystems received so far little attention. The aims of my PhD thesis were to describe yeast communities in soil and litter of a temperate forest using high- throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, identify dominant yeast species and to explore how the composition of yeast communities reflects the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. I also aimed to isolate yeasts from forest topsoil, describe novel yeast taxa abundant according to the environmental DNA survey and screen representative isolates for the traits relevant to their involvement in organic matter transformation. I have demonstrated that in forest topsoil, yeasts represent a substantial proportion of fungal communities with higher relative abundance in soil than in litter. In litter, yeast communities differ significantly among beech, oak and spruce-dominated stands. Drivers of community assembly are probably more complex in soils and comprise the effects of soil chemistry and vegetation. Even though there are similarities in the response of the communities of yeasts and filamentous fungi to...
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Media Image of the Kolocová-Sluková the Beach Volleyball Team from the National Press within the Context of 2012 Olympics.
Mašínová, Tereza ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Voráček, Josef (referee)
Title: Media Image of the Kolocová - Sluková Beach Volleyball Team from the National Press within the Context of the 2012 Olympics. Objectives: The main target of the thesis was to analyse media image of the beach volleyball team Kolocová - Sluková in the national press and the influence of the participation of the team in 2012 Summer Olympics in London on the media image in the national press. Methods: The first used method in the thesis was interview with beach volleyball players Kristýna Kolocová and Markéta Sluková. For the thesis was used Content analysis of the articles of national press and their supplements and national magazines in the period from 1st April 2011 to 15th of August 2013. There was used the Quantitative research Omnibus in the thesis too, number of respondents was 1017. Results: The thesis approved increase of the article frequency or media interest during and after participation of the team in the 2012 Olympic games, as well as character changes (size, themes etc.). Graphs and tables present the results of the analysis. Based on these results there are offered suggestions for the media communication of the team. Keywords: Beach volleyball, media, media image, Olympic games, content analysis, omnibus, interview.
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