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Dietary habits of patients with upper respiratory tract diseases
PANUŠOVÁ, Michaela
The issue of respiratory diseases is very broad, and therefore I focused my research on obstructive sleep apnoea. In the theoretical part we will discuss the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and pathology of the respiratory system. In addition, sleep apnea will be defined its types and emphasis will be placed on the description of obstructive sleep apnea. The greatest risk factor for the development of OSA is obesity. As the number of obese people is increasing worldwide, the number of people with this condition is also increasing. The Mediterranean diet is considered a healthy lifestyle and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. It may also have an impact on the treatment of OSA. The practical part focuses on qualitative research that aims to map the dietary habits of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, to determine their awareness of diets related to this disease and to map OSA patients in terms of body weight. The research revealed that the dietary habits of patients are not ideal. Patients have a problem with high fat intake and lack of vegetables and fruits. Patients were not well informed about their diets. The last finding was that the more the patients gained weight, the worse their breathing difficulties became. This affects their sleep and they also wake up more often at night. The results of this work may help doctors and patients in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea and promote healthy lifestyles, and could also serve as a reminder that a multidisciplinary team of specialists is needed to treat this disease, just as it is for diabetes mellitus, for example.
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Effect of formal and informal nutrition education on the dietary habits of high-school students
Husák, Martin ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kočí, Jana (referee)
The bachalor thesis focuses on the effects of formal nutrition education on the theoretical knowledge of learners and its subsequent application in their daily meal choices. It aims at students of a selected grammar school and a selected vocational school. The goal was to find out whether or not vocational school learners have better knowledge than grammar school learners and if their knowledge transfers into practice. The research sample of a questionnaire survey consisted of 199 students. According to its outcome, the knowledge of the topic proven by vocational school learners does not significantly differ from the knowledge of their grammar school counterparts. Despite the lack of formal nutrition education at the grammar school, it is the learners of the grammar school who have the better knowledge. KEYWORDS diet, grammar school, specialized secondary school, dietary habits, nutrition, education
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The nutritional assesment of juvenile football players
KRÁL, Robert
The topic of the bachelor thesis is " The nutritional assesment of juvenile football players ". The emphasis on sports performance is placed on young sportsmen from an early age, which includes adequate nutrition. If this is not the case, the young athlete is at risk of problems manifested by poor performance, more frequent injuries and, last but not least, irreversible changes or developmental disorders. The theoretical part deals with energy overview, the representation and importance of macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet, drinking regime, problems of insufficient nutrition, assessment of nutritional status and finally dietary supplements. The data collection was done using a qualitative method. 12 informants were obtained using the snowball method, which was interviewed in a semi-structured interview. Each informant also provided a diet plan. Data analysis was performed using coding and categorization techniques on the data transcribed from the interview. Nutriservis Professional software was used to process the diet plan. The objectives of the study were to map the nutritional status and possible prevalence of malnutrition in the sports soccer players and to map the awareness of children and their parents about sports nutrition in the senior pre-school and junior football category. The research showed that the dietary habits of young footballers follow the recommendations of the child nutrition in terms of quality but not in terms of quantity. Children's awareness of the timing of meals with physical activity and energy use during exercise is significantly lacking. Awareness of nutrition is relatively adequate for their age and they can partially distinguish what is appropriate for them and what is not. Parents are well informed about healthy eating and lifestyle and try to take an interest in nutrition themselves, but do not have comprehensive adequate information about sports nutrition in childhood.
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Dietary habits of children from age 6 to 12 suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1
ŠUBOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor's thesis I focuses on the topic of Dietary habits of children from age 6 to 12 suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1. It is based around this group of children because they will be living with diabetes their whole life and as they are getting more independent at this age, it is necessary to teach them as much as possible. The theoretical part of this thesis includes the description of diabetes mellitus itself. Then it focuses on type 1 diabetes only because this type occurs amongst children the most. The theoretical part then contains information about how to prevent type 1 diabetes, how to diagnose it, what complications can occur and possible treatments. There is also an in-depth description of proper eating habits of people suffering from this disease. The end of the theoretical part is dedicated to characterization of 'young school age', dieting of young children and school catering. Aims of this bachelor's thesis were: to map eating habits of children with diabetes mellitus type 1, to compare them to eating habits of healthy children and to map physical activity of children suffering from diabetes. The research involved 10 children - half of them suffering from type 1 diabetes, the other half were healthy children. Data were obtained in an interview, through a survey and by listing the food intake. It appears that children suffering from type 1 diabetes tend to have more variety in their diet, they consume some kind of food (e.g. vegetables and fruit) more often and they also have higher fiber intake than healthy children. Analysing the food intake revealed lower average intake of fats and energy amongst children who suffer from diabetes. The amount of fats consumed by children with diabetes corresponded with recommendations. But, according to recommendations, energy intake was not correct in either one of these groups of children.
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Salt intake by patients with primary hyperaldosteronism
Sahatciu, Mrika ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krátká, Zuzana (referee)
1 Abstract My bachelor's thesis focuses on the intake of table salt and other dietary approaches and habits in patients with primary aldosteronism, an extreme form of salt-sensitive hypertension. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term and risk factors associated with primary aldosteronism, summarizes the diagnosis and treatment procedures especially dietary measures which are very important in the treatment. The practical part was based and developed using an anonymous questionnaire form. The questionnaire consisted of 66 questions ranging from sociodemographic to awareness, education, dietary habits and dietary preferences in relation to salt intake. The purpose of this study was thereby to determine the dietary habits and sodium chloride intake of patients with primary aldosteronism. The total number of patients who were approached was 15, mostly males which were 11 and females were 4. The diet was fairly regular, but with more than half prioritizing lunch and dinner rather than breakfast. When they had a higher intake of cold cuts, salty bars, chips compared to fruit and vegetables. Most of the patients were educated about salt restriction diet and diet in hypertension due to the characteristics of the cohort, but few of them actually follow it. And there were no efforts to limit salt...
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The nutrition habits and knowledge of middle- and long-distance runners
Peteříková, Vendula ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Kovářová, Lenka (referee)
Title: The Nutrition Habits and Knowledge of middle and long distance runners Targets: The thesis main target is to determine dietary habits of endurance men and women runners, their interest in health nutrition and their nutrition information sources. Another aim to achieve is to find out their basic knowledge of body composition and human nutrition. Methods: The thesis was worked out on the base of questionnaires , that were prepared with regard to the author personal experience and knowledge. The questionnaires were handed in personaly to the respondents at runners competition, as soon as the race was finished and most of the runners used to wait for their results. The respondents were kept in anonymity in order to ensure as much objective answers as possible. The meaning of questionnaire completion was explained by the author to each of the responding runners. The validity of the questionnaire was consequently confirmed by the mean of guided interview between the author and the runner responded. Results: Endurance runners are keen on following the health nutrition principles. The dietary habits of the major part of the respondants correspond to requirements related to the field of energy-intensive sport. Most of the runners do not use energy bars and nutritional supplements. On the base of the...
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Nutritional behavior of pupils in selected primary schools in Vlašim
Dymák, Petr ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Vodáková, Jitka (referee)
Název: Nutritional behavior of pupils in selected primary schools in Vlašim Abstract: The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. I deal with the summary of findings on the effects of nutrition on mental and physical development of children of school age in the theoretical part. It creates their dietary habits, the formation of aversions and preferences for food, social facilitation in the presence of contemporary kids and how to explain the effects on food intake for external or internal conditions. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to chart a method of quantitative research (questionnaires). How do kids use eating in the school canteen and how children perceive the environment of the school canteen. Other topics include the monitoring of satisfaction of children in school canteens, which students have preference in the selection of meals and what are their eating habits. I have chosen my target group of pupils from the first and the second grades of selected elementary schools in Vlašim. At the end of my thesis I try to recommend ratio of use of fast food, comfort food and traditional food in the diets of school children. Selection and control of food schoolchildren have a direct impact on the health not only from the perspective of the individual, but society as a whole.
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Basal metabolic rate, dietary intervention and nutrients producing nociceptive pain in individuals with spinal cord injury
Chaloupková, Eva ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Bartůňková, Staša (referee) ; Kálal, Jan (referee)
Title: Basal metabolism and nutritional intervention for people with spinal cord injuries Objectives: The main objective of this work was empirical research of case evaluation studies (n = 3), where we analyzed: the relationship between energy expenditure (basal metabolism) and energy intake for people diagnosed with spinal cord injury (SCI). The secondary objective was to determine whether the changes in macronutrient distribution and daily energy intake would result in a decrease in body weight and body fat for individual probands. The pilot study in our work was focused on the overview of variable basal metabolism (BM) values for people with SCI. Methods: In our work, we used the method of indirect calorimetry to measure BM and together with the value of working metabolism we determined in the nutritional intervention (n. i.) the ideal energy intake for our probands. We observed primarily measurable changes in the amount of fat and muscle tissue. Results: We have found that, in keeping with the prescribed n. i. rules, all probands achieved to reduce their body weight. The average body weight loss for probands was 0.29 ± 0.02 kg per week. BM values in our pilot study were 15 to 61% lower for our probands (n = 15) and did not correlate with the height of SCI. Key words: spinal cord injury (SCI),...
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Dietary habits in students from the medical faculties
Vařejková, Hana ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Vítková, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the theme of nutrition habits in students from the medical faculties. The theoretical part describes importance of nutrition and nutrients in human nourishment. There are also mentioned dietary guidlines and the most common mistakes in nutrition in this age group. There are also analyzed student life problems like stress, lack of sleep and physical activities and improper nutrition habits. Finally one part of the theoretical part describes the importance of nutrition classes in medical schools, which is often insufficiently included in the curriculum. The aim of the practical part is to find out awareness of students from the medical faculties about basics of rational nutrition and their nutrition habits. The aim of this research is also to find out the frequency of consumption of some groups of food. The necessary data were obtained by a questionnaire survey, which then were recorded in graphs. The questionnaire was uploaded to several groups of medical student. The entire questionnaire was completed by 260 students. It was find out that students don't know the basics about nutrition. Therefore the curriculum should be improved. Two third of students are interested in composition of their diet. It was find out that the consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals and...
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Eating habits of young gymnasts
Opočenská, Kristýna ; Chrudimský, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Good dietary habits and healthy diet, as part of sports training of gymnasts, have often been neglected. The thesis summarises the available information and recommendations on an optimal diet for young gymnasts. The aim of the thesis is to compare the approaches of coaches and parents of gymnasts from three Prague gymnastics clubs to dietary habits of younger school-age gymnasts. Non-standardized questionnaires were used in the thesis and the results of the survey conducted among a group of coaches and a group of parents of younger school- age gymnasts were compared using the comparative method. The output of the thesis is a comparison of the approaches of coaches and parents to dietary habits of gymnasts. It was concluded that parents have a more consistent approach to dietary habits, monitoring changes in their children's weight and body height more frequently. Proper water intake is observed by coaches more thoroughly. Keywords: gymnastics, dietary habits, coach, parents.
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