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Analysis of EMG Signal for Prosthetic hand based on Fuzzy Logic Technique
Ollé, Tamás ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Pathak, Pawan Kumar (advisor)
Lidská ruka je koncový orgán horní končetiny, který slouží k důležité funkci uchopení, stejně jako důležitý orgán pro vnímání a komunikaci. Je to úžasný příklad o tom, jak komplexní mechanismus může být implementovaný, schopný chápat velice komplexní a užitečné úkoly používáním velmi efektivní kombinace mechanismů, snímání a řídicích funkcí. Elektromyogram (EMG) byl původně vyvinutý pro vyšetrování svalnatého nepořádku. Klinické aplikace se brzo rozšířila, nejpozoruhodněji ve výzkumu epilepsii a nakonec se stal populární po zavedení protéz, specificky tělem poháněných protéz. EMG nahrávání je použito pro studování funkčního stavu svalu během různých pohybů. Cílem tohoto projektu je vyvinutí elektromyogramové (EMG) metody třídění, která bude pomáhat v aplikacích jako systém pracující v reálném čase. První část tohoto projektu bylo získávání informací. Údaje reálného času byly zaznamenaný pomocí EMG monitorovacího systému (BIOPAC) a kompletní datová sada různých osob byl zaznamena. Tyto EMG data byly konvertované ze souboru ASCII do čitelné formy pro MATLAB. Druhou částí projektu byla extrakce vlastností. Pět tradičních parametrických rysů bylo vypočítáno, jmenovitě Integrovaný EMG (IEMG), variance (VAR), Zero Crossing (ZC), Slope Sign Changes (SSC) a Vlnová délka (WL). Třetí část projektu byla klasifikace EMG vzorů s použitím fuzzy logiky. Výsledky jsou docela slibné.
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Manifestation of Deflectivization in Contemporary Czech - The Tendency Not to Inflect Some First Names in Connection With Surnames
Kripnerová, Nella ; Sojka, Pavel (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of deflectivization in contemporary Czech, specifically the tendency not to inflect some first names in connection with surnames. The theoretical part focuses on the dynamics of the development of contemporary Czech, explains the concepts of norm and codification, describes variant forms in the language and clarifies the causes of language changes. He then defines a relatively new tendency - deflectivization and gives some specific examples of it. In connection with the non-declension of some names, it clarifies how such names should be inflected. The aim of the practical part is to compare the results of the questionnaire survey, which aims to find out to what extent deflectivization tendencies manifest themselves in the Czech population, with the results reported in the CNK and to evaluate whether or not there is a tendency to inflect these names prevailing. KEYWORDS Development tendencies of contemporary language, variation, language norm, codification, deflectivization, declension, first name, surname
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Molecular genetic variation of bats of the genus Hypsugo in the western Palaearctic
Balog, Štefan ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Vallo, Peter (referee)
Three species of the genus Hypsugo occur in the Western Palearctic. According to available sources, the species Hypsugo arabicus occurs only in the south of Iran (provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan) and in the northeast of Oman. The range of Hypsugo ariel lines the west of the Arabian Peninsula and can be also found in Egypt and Sudan. Hypsugo savii can be found in a wide range of areas from the Canary Islands through Western, Central and Southern Europe, the Balkans to the Middle East and Central Asia. The intraspecific and interspecific relationships of these three species have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Based on the data obtained from the sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear markers, a phylogenetic analysis was performed, which supplements the information on the intraspecific and interspecific relationships of the populations of this genus in the Western Palearctic. Two mitochondrial markers (Cyt-b and D-loop) and four nuclear markers (Rag2 and ACOX, COPS, STAT introns) were used for molecular analysis. Subsequently, Bayesian analysis methods and the Maximum likelihood method were used in the phylogenetic analysis to create phylogenetic trees. Furthermore, haplotype networks were created and p-distances between individual populations were calculated. In the species H. arabicus,...
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Calculus of variation in Physics and Geometry
Kuchařík, Jan ; Krýsl, Svatopluk (advisor) ; Scholtz, Martin (referee)
Název práce: Variační počet ve fyzice Autor: Jan Kuchařík Katedra / Ústav: Matematický ústav UK Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Svatopluk Krýsl, Ph.D. Abstrakt: Ve své práci shrnuji některá základní použití variačního počtu v praktických aplikacích. Odvozuju zde nezbytný matematický aparát. Zavádím pojem matematického funkcionálu a jeho extremalizaci, odvozuji Euler-Lagrangeovu rovnici a její důsledek - Beltramiho identitu; dále se věnuji odvození metody řešení izoperimetrických úloh, která zobecňuje metodu Lagrangeových multiplikátorů. Ačkoliv se v práci vyskytují řešené úlohy nejrůznějšího typu, zaměřuju se na čtyři hlavní oblasti: Fermatův princip, Hamiltonův princip nejmenší akce, isoperimetrické úlohy a hledání geodetik. Title: Variational calculus in physics Author: Jan Kuchařík Department: Supervisor: RNDr. Svatopluk Krýsl, Ph.D. Abstract: In my research work, I try to collect some basic usage of variational calculus in practical applications. I derive all the necessary mathematical tools. I explain what is a fuctional and what it means to extremalize it, I derive Euler- Lagrange equation and its corollary - Beltrami identity. I also try to derive a method for solving isoperimetric problems which generalizes the one of the Lagrange multipliers. Although there is a variety of several different...
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English as a Lingua Franca in the Context of the Czech Educational System
Kadlecová, Hana ; Matuchová, Klára (advisor) ; Červinková Poesová, Kristýna (referee)
Despite the predominance of English used by non-native speakers in international communication, the approach to teaching this language is still centred on the notion of acquiring English for the purpose of communication with native speakers. This thesis argues for acknowledgement of English as a lingua franca in the approach to teaching English. It also stresses the necessity of further investigations into the global use of English to better understand this phenomenon. A questionnaire was conducted with ten English teachers to see their opinions about some of the key issues of English as a lingua franca (for instance the concept of nativeness, the role of a teacher and the understanding of an error). As a result, it was found that despite some slow changes in individual opinions, the traditional view on teaching English is still prevalent. Both the theoretical research and the analysis of the questionnaire stress the need of implementing the concept of English as a lingua franca into teaching English as it is necessary to prepare students for the reality of global use of this language. Key words: English as a lingua franca, second language acquisition, nativeness, error, variation
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Identity and variations in the novel Lignes de faille by Nancy Huston
Turečková, Ester ; Šuman, Záviš (advisor) ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (referee)
The present study compares identity formation of the narrators in the novel Lignes de faille, who are six years old children of four consecutive generations. The aim of the thesis is to link and analyze two basic elements of Huston's creation, namely identity and variations. The first part of the study deals with the definition of identity and then describes the stages of identity formation according to the psychosocial concept of Erik H. Erikson. Afterwards, the thesis outlines family environment factors such as family composition, parenting style or religious denomination that contribute to the formation of identity. The second part of the comparative study focuses on the similarities and differences between the four children stories of which the novel is composed. The analysis deals with variations related to body perception, religious beliefs and family models. The thesis provides a point of view of the identity formation of the children and at the same time shows how the reactions to the factors that affect this formation resemble or differ across the four stories.
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Gender variation of selected Czech toponyms ending with a soft or ambiguous consonant
Pešková, Kateřina ; Synková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
In Czech, the assignment of grammatical gender to certain place names ending in (what is known as) soft or hybrid consonants is inconsistent, especially in the spoken language. These toponyms used to be treated as masculine nouns but today are overwhelmingly codified as feminine nouns. The present paper takes a look at the way these toponyms are described in linguistic guides and compendia which specify their gender, their origination and their meaning, or describe their use in local dialects. Based on the data in those manuals, the author has created a list of gender-shifting toponyms, with a brief specification of the grammatical gender and colloquial use (exactly as described in the said manuals), so as to allow for their easy comparison. Selected toponyms (which are analyzed in more detail in the grammatical guides, or which were assigned a different gender by different guides and compendia) are the subject of a broader discussion within the context of this work. In another section, the present work references the results of an internet questionnaire designed to map the actual use of grammatical gender for these toponyms by native speakers. This questionnaire examined a number of toponyms that were selected for being generally known, or based on their frequency in various districts. Respondents were...
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Auxiliaries haben/sein in the composed past tenses
Váňová, Dana ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the auxiliary verbs haben/sein in the composed past tenses of selected motion verbs. The theoretical part focuses on the differences among these verbs and the problems of genres. The latter serves as the base for the classification of texts in which the use of mutually competing auxiliary verbs or the separability/ inseparability of the prefix durch may be illustrated. It is also important to distinguish whether the examined texts incorporate conceptually spoken features or conceptually written features. The final part of the thesis introduces and summarises the results of the conducted analysis.
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Sociophonetic study of dysfluent behaviour in native English speakers
Longauerová, Renáta ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Gráf, Tomáš (referee)
The present thesis focuses on the study of the influence of two social factors, age and gender, on the frequency and variation of seven different types of dysfluencies (filled pauses, silent pauses, repairs, repetitions, false starts, vowel and consonant lengthening) in the spontaneous speech of native English speakers from England. The speakers were divided into four different social groups according to their age and gender. The first part of the present thesis provides a general characterization of the relevant types of dysfluencies, together with the main issues concerning the production of speech dysfluencies. The empirical part presents the analyses of the recordings of 32 native English speakers from England. The overall results considering general influence of age and gender show that the only significant difference is between age groups, with older speakers producing more dysfluencies than younger speakers. Gender, on the other hand, does not make the difference significant, except for vowel lengthenings that were produced significantly more by female speakers than male speakers, and repetitions, which is the only type of dysfluency where the difference is significant and influenced by both age and gender, with older male speakers producing significantly more dysfluencies than any other...
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