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Influence of autism on facial morphology
Cenková, Klára ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Harnádková, Katarína (referee)
Autism (ASD) is a severe pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with an as yet unclear etiology but increasing incidence. Early diagnosis and early initiation of therapy are crucial to the success of its treatment and to improving the quality of life of individuals with PAS. The identification of biomarkers in the form of specific facial features of individuals with autism can contribute significantly to facilitating diagnosis. These facial dysmorphologies have their basis in the prenatal period as a consequence of the common and interacting embryogenesis of the face and brain and reflect the neurodevelopmental basis of autism. Using special anthropometric methods, specific facial phenotypes can be determined, which can also be used to classify individuals with PAS into groups according to the severity of the disorder. Key words: Autism, facial dysmorphology, ASD, biomarkers, anthropometry
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Juvenile facial morphology from a forensic anthropological perspective: time-series mathematical modeling of 3D facial models
Koudelová, Jana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Macek, Milan (referee) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
Dealing with increasing number of criminal cases registered on photographs or video recordings, cases of missing persons and long-term wanted offenders, assessment of criminal responsibility or, on the other hand, the necessity of legal protection of minors, requires more precise in facial identification techniques. Forensic facial identification comprises especially of facial age estimation, facial age progression of long-term missing persons or facial reconstruction. All these methods require knowledge of facial development during growth, adolescence and senescence, including variability and sexual dimorphism. The knowledge about facial morphology has been useful also in different biomedical disciplines, as well as in the field of psychosocial sciences or in the study of morphological divergences among human populations. The presented thesis summarizes the results of research on the facial growth and development of juvenile individuals and on the analysis of the influence of senescence changes on facial morphology during aging. The first part is concerned with ontogenetic facial development during childhood and adolescence (7 to 17 years), with regard to puberty, based on longitudinal assessment. The main aims of the study were to describe the morphological variability of the face, analyse the...
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Age prediction based on human face morphology
Žigová, Dominika ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Pilmann Kotěrová, Anežka (referee)
Age estimation is increasingly needed in numerous scientific disciplines, and thus the demand for appropriate age estimation methods is ever-growing. This master's thesis deals with age prediction based on the human facial morphology of people in the interval of 10 to 59 years. Three-dimensional virtual models of individuals of Czech, or Slovak, nationalities were used. The final sample for the thesis consists of 1046 3D facial scans, including 552 females and 494 males, for which age estimates were found using neural network models. Selected neural network models are based on two different approaches. While the PointNet, PointNet++, PointConv, and Xception networks use point clouds as input, the Multi- view Convolution Neural Network (MVCNN) utilizes multiple scan views. Point clouds were constructed from polygon meshes using uniform sampling of the mesh surface. In this case, models assess every single point. Therefore, a set containing the given object's 3D coordinates collected from its surface is obtained. Views of a particular scan result from recording a polygon mesh of the corresponding scan at a certain angle. This so-called multi-view approach is based on a projection, which records a 2D scan from various angles and then assesses and aggregates images into a general descriptor, which is...
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Analysis of the facial form and shape in children from birth to 2 years of life
Wiesnerová, Markéta ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Moslerová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis focuses on the modeling of facial developmental changes in a group of children from 3 months to 2 years of age who do not show any demonstrable pathology. Growth and shape differences, variability and sexual dimorphism of facial form and shape were monitored in 85 girls and 81 boys using 3D facial models. 3D scanning was performed only once for each individual, this is a transversal study. A total of 166 facial models were used. Full surface models of the face will be used for analysis and will be cropped and cleaned before processing to contain the same information for all individuals. As part of the methodology, the CPD-DCA method (Coherent point drift - Dense correspondence analysis), analysis of main components will be used. The results of the analyzes were presented in the form of superprojection color - coded maps of average faces. These maps visualize the results of statistical analyzes and allow us to better understand the differences in the form and shape of the face between the observed groups. In the monitored period, sexual dimorphism was insignificant. Despite this, the average face of boys was larger compared to the average face of girls. We observed a wider and larger forehead area in male. In the area of the cheeks, nose, lips and chin, we noted protrusion, which means...
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Extension and verification of the prediction model of human facial development
Šefčíková, Alexandra ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the extension and validation of an already existing prediction model of human facial development. Within the main aims I also focused on comparing the new predictor with the original one and creating growth trajectories for boys, and girls. For the implementation longitudinal data from a database of 3D facial scans belonging to the 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods Laboratory in the Department of Human Anthropology and Genetics at Prf UK were used. We evaluated 693 3D facial scans of children of the Czech population in the age ranges 3-5 years, 7-12 years and 12-15 years, where we enriched these time series with new individuals and a total number consisted of 73 boys and 87 girls. Face scanning was performed once or twice a year using Vectra and 3dMd 3D optical scanners. For the follow-up analysis we used geometric morphometry methods (CPD-DCA, PCA...) which helped us to unify the created individual 3D models of faces and to calculate the mean prediction error, which is visualized by coloured maps. The resulting mean prediction error between predicted and real face was obtained by linear modelling of the data for children aged 3 to 5 years, 7 to 12 years, and 12 to 15 years. In the youngest group of children, the smallest mean prediction error was achieved by boys at the age of...
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Asymmetry of the face and facial expressions in relation to handedness
Hřebcová, Eliška ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Kožejová Jaklová, Lenka (referee)
Facial asymmetry is developed in every human and has an impact on everyone's life. Research of facial asymmetry is important not only in plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine and orthodontics, but also in forensic sciences, bioarchaeology and sociocultural anthropology. It can be influenced by various factors including the lateralization of cerebral hemispheres for cognitive and motor functions. According to the literature, handedness in humans is one of the most important forms of laterality which is probably related to facial asymmetry. The observed asymmetries differ not only between left-handers and right-handers, but also between men and women. Emotional expressions are also expressed asymmetrically on the face. Differences between positive and negative emotions as well as spontaneous and voluntarily expressions were observed. Different forms of laterality of motoric and cognitive cerebral functions are related to each other and their impact on facial asymmetry is therefore very complex.
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Assessment of facial morphology in patients with orofacial clefts in relation to surgical protocols
Moslerová, Veronika ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Dostálová, Taťjana (referee) ; Katina, Stanislav (referee)
The presented thesis summarizes the results of research on craniofacial morphology in patients with facial cleft defects in relation to therapeutic approaches (Caganova et al., 2014; Dadáková et al., 2016; Hoffmannova et al., 2016; Hoffmannova et al., 2018; Moslerová et al., 2018). The effect of therapy in individuals with pathological growth disorders cannot be evaluated without detailed auxological studies of control subjects whose facial morphology, longitudinal changes, or manifestations of sexual dimorphism were evaluated upon similar methodology (Koudelová et al. 2015). Therefore, the thesis was conceived as a volume of six publications complemented with a general synthetic introduction into the area of study. Together, the thesis includes probands in a broad age spectrum from birth to 15 years with a total of 294 facial 3D scans, 36 tele-X-ray face images, 3D scans of 112 gypsum palate castings. The methods of geometric morphometry and multidimensional statistics prevail in the assessment. The main clinical part of the thesis deals with the influence of two types of surgery on the facial growth and development of patients with cleft palate, namely secondary spongioplasty (SS) and neonatal cheiloplasty (NCH). Neonatal cheiloplasty (NCH) is the surgery whose effects were studied from several...
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Roentgencephalometric study of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Cagáňová, Veronika ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Borský, Jiří (referee)
The present study of orofacial clefts, concretely unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), is based on the cephalometrics analysis of lateral X-ray films of 23 ten-years-old females and 18 ten-years-old and fifteen-years-old males. This study is aimed at evaluation of sexual dimorphism in the human skeletal and soft tissue profile at the age of ten years approximately. The main aim is to describe development of skeletal and soft tissue profile during pubertal growth spurt in males after secondary bone grafting (SBG) and evaluate the effect of SBG by comparison with sample of patients with UCLP who did not undergo SBG. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed by using the classical morphometry and in the case of longitudinal study was used the finite element analysis (FESA) in addition. The results reveal that in girls, contrary to boys, more marked basic abnormalities of the cranium and soft tissue profile can be observed. The craniofacial development is satisfactory in patients with secondary bone grafting, there is a marked dentoalveolar proclination and contemporary proclination of upper and lower incisors. Because of marked increasing prominence of the nose, there is an increase of the global convexity of the profile, furthermore. The development of skeletal and soft tissue profile during pubertal...
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Neonatal cheiloplasty as the first surgery in patients with orofacial clefts, its benefits and possible risks
Kordačová, Karolína ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Hoffmannová, Eva (referee)
Neonatal cheiloplasty is the first plastic surgery performed in patients with orofacial clefts, usually carried out at the age of 1 to 8 days. A modified protocol for standard cheiloplasty, performed at the age of 3 to 6 months, is used. Neonatal cheiloplasty is currently a predominant method for lip surgery in cleft lip patients in the Czech Republic. Advantages of this method are better scar healing associated with better aesthetic results, reduced psychological and sociological pressure on the family and the infant, better quality of feeding and breastfeeding, and possibly reduced need of secondary repair. There is no documented direct negative consequence of the early timing. Nevertheless, possible risks can be associated with general anaesthesia at such low age, as it could have a negative effect on future IQ of the patient, and a possibility of reduced growth and development of jaws and impaired facial aesthetic outcomes. Further, compared to classical cheiloplasty, early surgery is more expensive and demands higher skills and experiences of the surgeon and the whole team performing the procedure. Main goals of this work were to evaluate the benefits and possible risks of neonatal cheiloplasty as the first surgery performed in patients with orofacial clefts using available studies on this...
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