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Anthropology of Albanian insurgencies after 1981
Tesař, Filip ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor) ; Haluzík, Radovan (referee) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee)
Presented work analyzes quantitatively and qualitatively at the micro-level the activities of insurgent groups and organizations that were operating among Albanians in Kosovo, Macedonia and South Serbia during 1981-2010, particularly in the form of terrorism and guerrilla warfare. Major attention is paid to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Based on it, the work presents an empirically measurable theoretical model of social mobilization into violent collective action. The model, whose basic goal is to explain the so-called free-rider problem in a high-risk collective action, consists of four theses: 1. Violence helps maintain the internal cohesion of the clandestine group, change public attitudes, attract new recruits and convince potential donors of the meaningfulness of financial contributions. 2. The problem of free-riding in collective action is weakened when the threat posed by the state and opportunities became balanced, and participants will get the subjective feeling of safety among large numbers of others. 3. Open insurgencies do not spread evenly across the country, but in geographical clusters around selected epicenters. 4. In the initial phase of an open insurgency, self-organization prevails, with most new recruits joining it due to the prospects of resolving their personal life...
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Storytelling and Reconciliation: Shifts in Frames and Discursive Narratives in Listeners of the Initiative "My Story" in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Oberpfalzerová, Hana ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
Storytelling and Reconciliation: Shifts in Frames and Discursive Narratives in Listeners of the Initiative "My Story" in Bosnia and Herzegovina Hana Oberpfalzerová Abstract In Bosnia and Herzegovina, two non-governmental organizations have been running the initiative "My Story" within which three war victims, one Bosniak, one Serb and one Croat, tell their wartime stories and their way to reconciliation in public testimonies in a side-by-side, live setting to an audience of young people or ordinary citizens. The aim of the initiative is to promote reconciliation in the listeners. This doctoral dissertation integrates several disparate fields in order to create an analytical framework for inferring attitude shifts from the discursive narratives recalled by the listeners, and from the frames that connect the single narratives to broader societal discourses within these discursive narratives. Three public testimonies were analyzed and interviews with eighteen listeners from the three Bosnian nations were conducted, some of which were interviewed by phone about four months later to check for further attitude changes. The interview material was analyzed inductively by the means of thematic discourse analysis in order to identify the underlying discursive narratives that were then regrouped into dimensions or...
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The causes of fragility of the Albanian democracy
Shahini, Johana ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee)
Mgr. Johana Shahini - The causes of fragility of the Albanian democracy Factors that influenced the fragility of Albanian democracy vary. This work highlights the main weaknesses of Albanian democracy. It focuses on the political consequences and effects of electoral laws in Albanian political system and the Albanian party system. It analyzes the political inputs and outputs of the democratic process through 4 main variables: the political system, which means the institutional sphere, political factor in terms of political parties, political elite and electoral laws/systems. The first chapter contains introduction to the historical background of the regime. The second chapter analyzes the institutional heritage in the interwar period. The third chapter focuses on the characteristics of the Albanian communist regime and its results. The fourth chapter focuses on transitional period through a detailed analysis of strategic policy decisions and results of transformation process. The fifth chapter focuses on the build-up phase of post-communist institutions between 1991 and 2001. This explains the ins and outs of political process and initial institutional negotiations and proposals. The sixth chapter focuses on the phase of consolidation of these institutions between 2001 and 2010. The analysis shed some light...
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Transylvanian Regional Identity after 1989: Political Reflection
Kocián, Jiří ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Rosůlek, Přemysl (referee) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee)
KOCIÁN, Jiří. Transylvanian regional identity and its political reflection after 1989. The thesis deals with the question of reviving Transylvanian regional identity and its political use in Romania after 1989. It demonstrates that regional identity has gradually grown in political importance, and represents the content, actors and typology of models of its reflection. The Romanian Communist regime under Nicolae Ceaușescu followed longer-term centralizing tendencies that did not favor maintaining regional specificities. But regional identity, like other collective identities, is the result of a continuous process of daily interactions between its bearers and external actors, all of whom are involved in its construction. Because of that, it survived a period of suppression in its vernacular form. Contributing to its survival was the fact that the multi-ethnic region of Transylvania and its specificities, which represent the core of regional identity, have a thousand-year history. The thesis points, by applying a discourse analysis of the content of newspaper articles, to the fact that regional identity took the form of political discourse after 1989. This discourse rivaled the previous discursive hegemony of the country's centralist concept of state and nation in Romanian public sphere. At the same...
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Transylvanian Regional Identity after 1989: Political Reflection
Kocián, Jiří ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Rosůlek, Přemysl (referee) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee)
KOCIÁN, Jiří. Transylvanian regional identity and its political reflection after 1989. The thesis deals with the question of reviving Transylvanian regional identity and its political use in Romania after 1989. It demonstrates that regional identity has gradually grown in political importance, and represents the content, actors and typology of models of its reflection. The Romanian Communist regime under Nicolae Ceaușescu followed longer-term centralizing tendencies that did not favor maintaining regional specificities. But regional identity, like other collective identities, is the result of a continuous process of daily interactions between its bearers and external actors, all of whom are involved in its construction. Because of that, it survived a period of suppression in its vernacular form. Contributing to its survival was the fact that the multi-ethnic region of Transylvania and its specificities, which represent the core of regional identity, have a thousand-year history. The thesis points, by applying a discourse analysis of the content of newspaper articles, to the fact that regional identity took the form of political discourse after 1989. This discourse rivaled the previous discursive hegemony of the country's centralist concept of state and nation in Romanian public sphere. At the same...
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Storytelling and Reconciliation: Shifts in Frames and Discursive Narratives in Listeners of the Initiative "My Story" in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Oberpfalzerová, Hana ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
Storytelling and Reconciliation: Shifts in Frames and Discursive Narratives in Listeners of the Initiative "My Story" in Bosnia and Herzegovina Hana Oberpfalzerová Abstract In Bosnia and Herzegovina, two non-governmental organizations have been running the initiative "My Story" within which three war victims, one Bosniak, one Serb and one Croat, tell their wartime stories and their way to reconciliation in public testimonies in a side-by-side, live setting to an audience of young people or ordinary citizens. The aim of the initiative is to promote reconciliation in the listeners. This doctoral dissertation integrates several disparate fields in order to create an analytical framework for inferring attitude shifts from the discursive narratives recalled by the listeners, and from the frames that connect the single narratives to broader societal discourses within these discursive narratives. Three public testimonies were analyzed and interviews with eighteen listeners from the three Bosnian nations were conducted, some of which were interviewed by phone about four months later to check for further attitude changes. The interview material was analyzed inductively by the means of thematic discourse analysis in order to identify the underlying discursive narratives that were then regrouped into dimensions or...
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Impact of the international community on ethnic conflicts in the Western Balkans
Hrušík, Michal ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee) ; Polišenská, Milada (referee)
The dissertation is aimed at the analysis of various strategies and approaches of the international community in solving conflicts having originated due to the dissolution of former Yugoslavia since 1991. It is divided into two sections - the former being devoted to the historiographical description of events taking place in the particular countries with main focus on various peace plans and other initiatives proposed and suggested by the international community, while the latter emphasizes potential security threats that might be faced by the region. At the same time it is trying to offer lessons from the mistakes and failures made in the past, since these could become relevant for the international community when dealing with potential new conflicts. Current probability of the origin of new security threats in the form of ethnic conflicts was selected as the main criterion for the selection of countries analyzed in the dissertation - this is also why Croatia is excluded; although it was a significant player of ethnic conflict in 1991-95, due to considerable elimination of Serbian minority representation as a result of the Operation Storm this country does not further constitute a relevant melting pot, where ethnically motivated tensions could rise again. Hence, the analysis is targeted at two...
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The causes of fragility of the Albanian democracy
Shahini, Johana ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee)
Mgr. Johana Shahini - The causes of fragility of the Albanian democracy Factors that influenced the fragility of Albanian democracy vary. This work highlights the main weaknesses of Albanian democracy. It focuses on the political consequences and effects of electoral laws in Albanian political system and the Albanian party system. It analyzes the political inputs and outputs of the democratic process through 4 main variables: the political system, which means the institutional sphere, political factor in terms of political parties, political elite and electoral laws/systems. The first chapter contains introduction to the historical background of the regime. The second chapter analyzes the institutional heritage in the interwar period. The third chapter focuses on the characteristics of the Albanian communist regime and its results. The fourth chapter focuses on transitional period through a detailed analysis of strategic policy decisions and results of transformation process. The fifth chapter focuses on the build-up phase of post-communist institutions between 1991 and 2001. This explains the ins and outs of political process and initial institutional negotiations and proposals. The sixth chapter focuses on the phase of consolidation of these institutions between 2001 and 2010. The analysis shed some light...
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