|
|
Support for income redistribution and its determinants in Europe between 2002 and 2019
Petrúšek, Ivan ; Linek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Katrňák, Tomáš (referee) ; Gerbery, Daniel (referee)
This cumulative dissertation consists of four research papers and examines support for income redistribution in Europe between 2002 and 2019. All analyses use the first nine rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) merged with country-level contextual information from external databases (OECD, Eurostat, and SWIID). The reported results are fully reproducible. The descriptive analysis shows how trends in redistribution support differ by welfare regime. Except for a few countries, aggregate redistribution support was relatively stable over the studied period. Material self-interest theories conceptually frame and motivate the conducted analyses. The main research themes focus on the contextual effects of unemployment rates on pro-redistributive attitudes and how being unemployed and personal experience with long-term unemployment correlate with redistribution support. Results demonstrate that country-level structural unemployment positively correlates with aggregate redistribution support, whereas cyclical unemployment does not generally correlate with aggregate redistribution support in Europe. At the individual level, the unique analyses demonstrate that controlling for experience with long-term unemployment dramatically reduces the effect size of being unemployed, thus questioning almost unison...
|
|
| |
|
|
The decrease in alcohol consumption and smoking in the Czech Republic between the years 2010 and 2018 in relation to the family environment
Krásná, Anna ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
Since 2010, sociologists have noted that teenagers drink less alcohol and smoke a smaller number of cigarettes each year than in previous years. This paper analyses the association between family background and the decline in alcohol and cigarette use in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2018. The data are from the international HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) study, from the years 2010, 2014, and 2018. The bachelor thesis only discusses cases from the Czech Republic, the data have thousands of cases, so they are robust enough to perform quantitative analyses. The analysis focuses only on alcohol and conventional cigarettes as the two most common addictive substances consumed by adolescents. Family background is examined in terms of parental presence in the household, ease of communication between parent and child, and family wealth. Secondary analysis showed an association of family wealth with the amount of alcohol consumed and cigarettes smoked. Children from wealthier families drink alcohol more often than children from the opposite end of the spectrum, and conversely, children from poorer families smoke more cigarettes. The data does not have the potential to observe causality, only correlations could be observed. The main conclusion of the paper is that the decline in...
|
|
|
Argumentation for accepting of universal income: perspective of biopower.
Nykl, Matěj ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
My bachelor thesis is focusing on the argumentation for implementation of universal basic income. It is a system where every person receives a financial unconditional benefit regularly. There is a long history of this idea, originally presented by liberal authors. More attention has been given to this idea recently as it is sometimes declared as a potential sollution to the problems caused by robotization. Many experiments with universal income has been done by now. Left-wing authors present universal income as a tool for redistribution of wealth that should empower lower classes in the society nowadays. The aim of this bachelor thesis is the comparison between texts of liberal and left-wing proponents. The concept of Michel Foucault's biopower is beeing applied. It describes the moderm forms of governance. The articles about universal income are compared it the areas that are associated with the biopower concept. There are also texts that are not consistently using the liberal nor the left-wing argumentation. They were analysed too in order to be assesed wheater it fits to one of the ideological bases. Analysis of these articles highlights some aspects of liberal and left-wing argumentation for basic income implementation and therefore enhances the validity of conlcussions Keywords Universal...
|
|
|
Explanation of professional and educational visions of pupils in the ninth grade
Vařeková, Karolína ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis is focused on the interpretation of the ninth-grade pupil's conceptions of hierarchical segmentation of society based on profession and obtained degree of education. Its main goal is to clarify student's perception of inequalities of social status among different work positions and to understand impact of study achievements on their vertical grouping. Theoretical part deals with sociological theories to explain the role of occupation and education in formation and maintenance of social stratification. Analytical part validates theoretical explanations by qualitative research conducted within one ninth class. Research questions are answered by qualitative analysis of data acquired by in-depth semi-structured interviews. Student's conceptions correspond to the basic three-dimensional hierarchical classification of the social layers defined in theoretical part. Mutual inequalities of those layers depend mainly on the level of work position which is related to particular layers. Pupils perceive different social status among vertically segmented vocational groups to be justified because individuals within those categories are distinguished by different personality traits. Achievement of specific social status depends to a great extent on educational performance, which is a measure of...
|
|
|
Analysis of Missing Data: Comparing Performance of Traditional Methods across Mechanisms
Petrúšek, Ivan ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate different methods of dealing with missing values in data analysis. The thesis is divided into three major chapters. The first chapter summarizes the theoretical literature on missing data and focuses on missing data mechanisms in particular. The second chapter introduces traditional methods for addressing missing data in sociological research. The third chapter assesses the performance of these methods by analyzing simulated data sets for two variables (income, IQ). For practical analysis (chapter 3), we simulated missing data according to three different mechanisms (MCAR, MAR, NMAR) and varied the proportion of missing values under these mechanisms (10%, 20%, 30%). Then, we applied each of the following four methods of addressing missing values: complete-case analysis, arithmetic mean imputation, regression imputation, and stochastic regression imputation. In order to evaluate the performance of each of these methods we performed correlation and regression analyses for each experimental condition. The results of these simulations are largely in agreement with existing theoretical literature on the subject of missing data. In the case of NMAR, all solution methods provided biased parameter estimates. In the case of MCAR, only complete-case analysis and...
|
|
|
The attitude of Prague high school students towards marijuana
Tvrdík, Kryštof ; Rössler, Jan (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
1 Abstract Author in his thesis examines high school students in Prague in connection with marijuana abuse. Contentedly differences between boys and girls types of high schools, as he also shows why is this interesting. However, author starts with the theoretical part, where he shows to the reader the problematic of marijuana abuse in general by not only defining marijuana and hashish and ways of use but also theory of this problematic. Next, he shortly introduces origins of marijuana as a drug and risks associated with usage. At the end of theoretical part, he shows legislation related to marijuana in Czech Republic. In practical part, he shortly shows methods of analysis, which he is going to use, then uses them and show results. In summary, he suggests use of the results.
|
|
|
The role of social media in the political participation of the students
Kostareva, Anna ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
In my work I have tried to look at the problem of political participation of students and what role social media play in it. In view of the fact, that the internet plays a very important role in life of modern person, it becomes a platform for various social, political and other events. Young people are more inclined to be influenced by the internet and social networks in all spheres of life, so in my research I have tried to draw conclusions about how young people see themselves in politics, what kinds of activity they often do and how they see the importance of political participation on internet platforms. In my work I present the general concept of political participation and social media, and also the theory of slacktivism and mobilization and normalization hypotheses connected to them. There are also various researches focused on student political activity and participation in political sphere of the state. In addition to the theoretical part, there is a methodological part, where basic research goals and hypotheses, the research method and how the respondent was obtained for this research and how the data were collected are presented. The analytical part presents the results of the research conducted on the basis of an online questionnaire, where the research hypotheses mentioned in...
|
|
|
The attitude of Prague high school students towards marijuana
Tvrdík, Kryštof ; Rössler, Jan (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
1 Abstract Author in his thesis examines high school students in Prague in connection with marijuana abuse. Contentedly differences between boys and girls types of high schools. However, author starts with the theoretical part, where he shows to the reader the problematic of marijuana abuse in general by not only defining marijuana and hashish and ways of use but also theory of this problematic. Next, he shortly introduces origins of marijuana as a drug and risks associated with usage. At the end of theoretical part, he shows legislation related to marijuana in Czech Republic. In practical part, he shortly shows methods of analysis, which he is going to use, then uses them and show results. In summary, he suggests use of the results.
|
|
|
Explanation of professional and educational visions of pupils in the ninth grade
Vařeková, Karolína ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis is focused on the interpretation of the ninth-grade pupil's conceptions of hierarchical segmentation of society based on profession and obtained degree of education. Its main goal is to clarify student's perception of inequalities of social status among different work positions and to understand impact of study achievements on their vertical grouping. Theoretical part deals with sociological theories to explain the role of occupation and education in formation and maintenance of social stratification. Analytical part validates theoretical explanations by qualitative research conducted within one ninth class. Research questions are answered by qualitative analysis of data acquired by in-depth semi-structured interviews. Student's conceptions correspond to the basic three-dimensional hierarchical classification of the social layers defined in theoretical part. Mutual inequalities of those layers depend mainly on the level of work position which is related to particular layers. Pupils perceive different social status among vertically segmented vocational groups to be justified because individuals within those categories are distinguished by different personality traits. Achievement of specific social status depends to a great extent on educational performance, which is a measure of...
|
guest ::
