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Word Formation in German-Czech Dictionary
Šemelík, Martin ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Kaňovská, Michaela (referee) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee)
The present thesis is based on my experience as one of the contributors to The Large Academic Dictionary German-Czech. It attempts to discuss the role of word formation in German-Czech dictionaries in that it focuses on presentation of word formation in outer texts, macrostructural ordering procedures, treatment of word forming elements, special word formation parts of dictionary entries and possibilities of typography as a means word formation description in a bilingual dictionary. The approach taken is both contemplative and transformative. The thesis rests on the study of existing German-Czech dictionaries published mostly after 1945, partly between 1802 and 1945 as well. Concrete function-based proposals centred on the supposed target users of the LADGC are discussed here. A considerable part of the thesis deals with German derived nouns in Ge-...(-e) seen from a corpus linguistic view.
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Fraseological units with somatic component in the Czech language in comparison with the Russian language: cognitive aspects
Vitkovskaya, Veronika ; Bozděchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee) ; Hasil, Jiří (referee)
Our work deals with the study of phraseological units in the Czech language in comparison with the Russian language. The first chapter outlines the main principles and terms of this work: it introduces selected classifications of phraseological units. Also the comparative analysis of somatic phraseological units in both languages according to the degree of equivalence is performed. Selected phenomena are examined: phraseological synonymy, antonymy, homonymy, variability and transforming. In the second chapter there is a list of somatic phraseological units selected for the study. The third chapter deals with the cognitive aspect in phraseology, anthropological linguistics and phenomenology. Based on the work by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, Metaphors We Live By is discussed theory of metaphor. The important is anthropocentrism and bodycentrism of our world view, which is fixed in the phraseological units with somatic component. The last, fourth chapter presents the basic results of the cognitive research. The goal is to compare two world views: naive and scientific one. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Form and function of nouns in Czech: relation between nominal case and syntactic function. Based on a synchronic written corpus of Czech (SYN2005)
Jelínek, Tomáš ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
The case in Czech is the basic morphological means by which nouns express their function in a sentence. The objective of this thesis is to describe, from a frequency point of view, the relation between form and function of nouns, or, more precisely, how frequently cases (both simple and prepositional) are used to realise syntactic functions in sentences. The thesis is based on one of the largest corpora of written synchronic Czech: 100-million-token corpus SYN2005. In order to obtain data on frequencies of syntactic functions of nouns in relation to their cases, we annotated the corpus SYN2005 with a dependency syntactic annotation. For this annotation, we adopted the format of the analytical layer of the Prague Dependency Treebank. The syntactic annotation has been performed by a stochastic parser: the MST parser. Since the reliability of this annotation was not high enough, we have built an automatic correction module, which identifies errors of syntactic annotation in the output of the stochastic parser and corrects these errors by means of linguistic rules. We have implemented 26 different rules, but annotation errors have been reduced by merely 6-8%. However, this correction module can be further developed. It can be used to correct the output of any dependency parser trained on the data from...
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Quantitative view on the arabic text structure
Milička, Jiří ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis suggests several general quantitative linguistic falsifiable hypotheses and tests them on corpora of standard modern Arabic, medieval Arabic and some European languages, including Czech and English. The hypotheses deal with structures built by word lengths and word frequencies within sentences and supra-sentential elements, with connection between sentence length - its constiuents frequency relation and Menzerath-Altmann Law, and with a view on text via so-called combinatorial mapping.
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Evaluation of Error Mark-Up in a Learner Corpus of Czech
Štindlová, Barbora ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee) ; Šindelářová, Jaromíra (referee)
Title: Evaluation of Error Mark-Up in a Learner Corpus of Czech Author: Barbora Štindlová Department: Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Karel Šebesta, CSc. Abstract: The thesis deals with the topic of Czech as a second language, while introducing methods of corpus linguistics as applied to texts produced by language learners. The context is the process of building and exploiting a learner corpus, with a focus on its error mark-up and options for evaluating the annotation scheme. Learner corpora have become a major resource for investigating a learner interlanguage and a significant incentive for many different types of research and teaching of second/foreign languages. They are used mainly for contrastive studies of native and non-native speakers, i.e. for contrastive interlanguage analysis, and for computer-aided error analysis of the learner language. This kind of analysis is crucially dependent on the type and quality of the error mark-up. In every error-annotated corpus the error annotation is based on an error typology, which is necessarily problematic from a number of theoretical aspects. Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the annotation scheme design is therefore an important step in the build-up...
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On lexical relations among synonymous adjectives (a corpus-driven research)
Marková, Věra ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee) ; Paradis, Carita (referee)
The doctoral thesis concems the research of lexical relations among a sampie of German adjectives, which are called "near-synonyms". Partly, the thesis deals also with other paradigmatic relations. The author considers the traditional approach to the semantic relations, which is modified by means of the corpus analysis of four German adjective synonymous pairs (kalt/kühl, schön/hübsch, nett/angenehm, unschön/hässlich). The author has suggested a methodology which makes use of corpus-linguistic tools developed by the Department of Corpus Linguistics at the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim, Germany (IDS Mannheim) and which can be used with some modifications for the research of other synonymous pairs. The corpus-linguistic tools explore especially similar collocation profiles of the analyzed words and the use of semantically elose words in certain contexts. The results of the analyses are documented on texts deriving from the corpus DEREKo (Mannheim German Reference Corpus). The analyses undertaken in this thesis contribute to illustration of semantic relations in language and help to build up a new, usage-based view of language.
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Morphemic structure of contemporary Czech: from linguistic theory to automatic language processing
Lebeda, Jiří ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee)
The morphemic research of the Czech language witnessed its largest boom in the 1960s and 1970s. Since the appearance of Retrográdní morfematický slovník češtiny (1975) by Eleonora Slavíčková and of Komárek's Příspěvky k české morfologii (1978), the interest of researchers in this area of linguistics has been waning. The leitmotifs of all nine chapters of this monograph are an attempt to defend morphemics as a stand-alone discipline, an evaluation of the theoretic and empirical knowledge gathered so far, and the justification of formal computer processing as the only promising approach for the future. The interdisciplinary character of the present work manifests itself in the search for impulses for proposing an algorithmic approach to morphemic analysis and synthesis - which is the culmination of the monograph - e.g. in cognitive sciences and general semiotics. An examination of the main principles of how the mental lexicon works, including the theory of activation of language units, shows that a computational approach to traditional linguistic topics and methods can borrow inspiration not only from theoretical fields. The central term, namely morpheme, which is realized as morph in the language usage, is widely believed to have been introduced by Jan Baudoin de Courtenay in the 1880s. Using the great...
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Machine Translation of Related Asian Languages
Larasati, Septina Dian ; Kuboň, Vladislav (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis presents the development of an MT system between Indonesian and Malaysian. The system uses a method of almost a direct translation exploiting the similarity of both languages. This method was previously used on a number of language pairs of European languages. The thesis also elaborates the attempts to make language resources from scratch since the languages are under-resourced.
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