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"Non-sociology": Bruno Latour's conception of modernity
Mareš, Jakub ; Šubrt, Jiří (advisor) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis called "»Non-sociology«: Bruno Latour's Conception of Modernity" is a theoretical writing concerned with description of the conception of modernity of the French sociologist, philosopher and anthropologist Bruno Latour. This description is put into broader context of Latour's work and serves as a basis for asking questions and raising challenges to the social theory, politics and ethics. Because Latour's conception of modernity isn't compatible with the idea of society as an aggregate of human actors and stresses the importance of so called nonhuman actors, special attention is devoted to Latour's interest in sciences and technologies, where these non-human actors originate. These non-human actors have significant roles and functions in sstabilization of social relations and dominance. Thus, the concepts Latour and his colleagues use to integrate nonhumans into social theory are introduced, most notably the actor-network theory. Finally, modernity is presented as a self-describing semantics, which relies on two distinct aggregates of Society and Nature without giving proper notice to the continuous and progressively growing mixing of human and nonhuman entities. An alternative, under the concept of collective, is introduced.
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Problems of Search for the Meaning of Life by Milan Machovec
Šlégl, Jiří ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Milan Machovec (1925 - 2003) was one of the most significant Czech philosophers of the second half of the 20th centutry. This work is focused on a dilemma which connects all interests of Machovec into one unit. The topic is Search for the Meaning of Life. Due to personal, political and social changes the view at this topic has changed during Machovec's creative life. The work is divided into three main periods, in which we trace this continuous evolvement. At first, it is "Marxist solution" (1946 - 1964), where Machovec is trying to use a historial analysis to show the evolvement, understanding and search of the meaning of men's life from the times of antigue up to present. He comes to the conclusion that the only acceptable possibility is a socialist solution. This result is quite under the influence of a historical contemporary context. Thereby, Machovec is identified with the ideology of the leading communist party. In the second period "Expectation and Conversion" (1965 - 1989) the approach to this dilemma is changed completely. Machovec is not searching for the meaning of life in a historical context of this phenomena but he is trying to make his own conclusions. He is attempting to find the meaning of life thanks to human work, universe, history, humanism, god, delight, future or dialogue....
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Crisis of the Life-World
Holá, Klára ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Krize přirozeného světa The crisis of the Life-world PhDr. Klára Holá This doctoral thesis called The crisis of the Life-world is an interdisciplinary theoretical treatise on a problem of the crisis in connection with the Life-world, the main phenomenological issue. The crisis is related to the Life-world itself. The thesis tries to explain the problem of the crisis as a timeless concept ontologically related to a human being, as well as an ethical issue accompanying the development of the modern society. The aim of the thesis is to define the crisis of the Life-world, to describe its symptoms in the various areas, and to outline some possible solutions. To achieve the aim I have divided the conception of the crisis into two meanings which are related to each other: the ontological crisis and the ethical crisis. My hypothesis has proved the ontological crisis unavoidable, as it springs from the ambivalent position of the human being whereas we can balance the ethical aspects in various ways. I have used the comparative and phenomenological method as well as the phenomenological-hermeneutic methods of the text-interpretation. I also used the specific phenomenological method of transcendental epoché. Therefore, I have preferred the interdisciplinary access to this problem. The access can reveal in the...
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Human being as zoon politikon and philosophy as education of man (Being in the world human trough experience with language)
Timingeriu, Filip ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee)
This thesis aims - based on my detailed analysis of the first one of the three Heidegger's lectures on The Nature of Language (Das Wesen der Sprache 1957/58) in which he deals with the possibility of undergoing the experience of speech with the support of the onto-logical starting point, which is overcome by meaning-compliant thinking (besinnlicher Nachdenken) into a poetic experience with a word and with its relation to the entity and non-entity of a thing from the poem by Stefan Georg titled The Word (Das Wort) - to contemplate on the assumptions and limits of the apprehension of the philosophically-educative questioning as the nurture towards thinking, which should inevitably be preceded by the knowledge about what it means to be or not to be brought up in thinking. KEYWORDS education, human being, language, experience, poetry, thinking, Heidegger
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On the Paths (t)o(f) SpeechTo Foundations of Psychotherapeutic Care in the Perspectives of Daseinsanalysis
Králíčková, Tereza ; Pauza, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee) ; Slaninka, Michal (referee)
Submitted thesis On the Paths (t)o(f) Speech with subtitle To Foundations of Psychotherapeutic Care in the Perspectives of Daseinsanalysis deals with the phenomenon of speech as pivotal and obvious precondition, which supports the psychotherapeutic care. It is based on the general definition of psychotherapy as treatment of mental health problems using speech (words, conversation) and from the identification of a human as zoon logon echon. Because of that the exploration of speech is also the path of self-exploration. By following the legacy of words of other authors, etymological and historical interpretation of the selected terms (psyche, mythos, logos etc.) and own reflected experience, the text brings its reader to preview why the speech is the essential constitutive moment of his multilayered humanity. The view emphasizes the unity of human nature as a whole, which is, in its possibilities, opened to explore and experience of the world and yourself in both its obvious and hidden levels. Based on dichotomy of obvious and hidden foundations the submitted thesis expands the concept of speech as pure human talking and sharing to the problematic of the meaningful manifestation of the world, which is presented as a kind of dialog (the act of addressing and responding). By advancing on the path and...
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Human being as zoon politikon and philosophy as education of man (Being in the world human trough experience with language)
Timingeriu, Filip ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee)
This thesis aims - based on my detailed analysis of the first one of the three Heidegger's lectures on The Nature of Language (Das Wesen der Sprache 1957/58) in which he deals with the possibility of undergoing the experience of speech with the support of the onto-logical starting point, which is overcome by meaning-compliant thinking (besinnlicher Nachdenken) into a poetic experience with a word and with its relation to the entity and non-entity of a thing from the poem by Stefan Georg titled The Word (Das Wort) - to contemplate on the assumptions and limits of the apprehension of the philosophically-educative questioning as the nurture towards thinking, which should inevitably be preceded by the knowledge about what it means to be or not to be brought up in thinking. KEYWORDS education, human being, language, experience, poetry, thinking, Heidegger
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Theoretical Foundations and Pedagogical Model of Ethics Education for Policing
Sůva, Jiří ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
SŮVA, Jiří. Theoretical Foundations and Pedagogical Model of Ethics Education for Policing. Prague, 2014. Dissertation work. The Pedagogical Faculty of the Charles University. Department of Civics and Philosophy. The dissertation combines analytical passages with philosophical reflections focusing on the theoretical foundations of ethics education of police officers, especially in the initial education. Rather implicit theoretical basis of contemporary police ethics education is identified as psychologically overstressed, focused on the narrow sphere of common mores, limited by competence-based approach, and mainly as unclear as to the answering of the basic questions which can generate compact understanding of police ethics and its education in terms of its possibilities, objectives, content, means, etc. In four chapters of this work we can see an attempt to offer such answers in an integral pedagogical model. These answers concern the differentiation of common mores from individual morals and ethics, the multidisciplinary nature of ethical discourse, the impossibility to "manufacture" results in ethics education, the meeting of the legal and the moral in The Code of Ethics of the Police of the Czech Republic, but also the context of ethics education within the postmodern spirit of the world-age,...
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Crisis of the Life-World
Holá, Klára ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Krize přirozeného světa The crisis of the Life-world PhDr. Klára Holá This doctoral thesis called The crisis of the Life-world is an interdisciplinary theoretical treatise on a problem of the crisis in connection with the Life-world, the main phenomenological issue. The crisis is related to the Life-world itself. The thesis tries to explain the problem of the crisis as a timeless concept ontologically related to a human being, as well as an ethical issue accompanying the development of the modern society. The aim of the thesis is to define the crisis of the Life-world, to describe its symptoms in the various areas, and to outline some possible solutions. To achieve the aim I have divided the conception of the crisis into two meanings which are related to each other: the ontological crisis and the ethical crisis. My hypothesis has proved the ontological crisis unavoidable, as it springs from the ambivalent position of the human being whereas we can balance the ethical aspects in various ways. I have used the comparative and phenomenological method as well as the phenomenological-hermeneutic methods of the text-interpretation. I also used the specific phenomenological method of transcendental epoché. Therefore, I have preferred the interdisciplinary access to this problem. The access can reveal in the...
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Sudetenland: sociological study
Beránek, Ondřej ; Duffková, Jana (advisor) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
The Czech borderland is characterized by a distinctive dynamism, in many aspects different from the other regions of the country. This is mainly due to its specific development in the recent history. Based on the post-war decisions two substantial processes took place. Firstly, the local German population was replaced by the Czech one and secondly due to the geographical posíti on of Czechoslovakia on the border of two rival military-political blocs a total isolation of border regions and the declining intensity of cross-border communication occured. The extent of the colonization process was historically unequalled - the post-war population movements in various forms have affected all citizens of Czechoslovakia. One in four people moved to the border region in person, almost everyone has some relatives there, many others gained an additional housing in the area - the economic impact has been nationwide. The colonization constituted a unique social experiment, which lasted in various waves until the sixties. A similar process took place also in Paland, the course of which as well as its social consequences are the subject of numerous research papers. This topíc is covered in the thesis in the attachment section.
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Imagination of infinity
Semerád, Martin ; Pauza, Miroslav (advisor) ; Sak, Petr (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (referee)
This work deals with a basic question of modern science and it is its indefectibility. Quality of education is reduce to an evaluation of conformity to a common known knowledge and its quantity representation. Seeds of this long process go back to an ancient academia of Gondisapur established in an Arabic world. Author proclaims that the main goal of philosophy is to show, that this is not the only way of thinking and in the same time that the main goal and power of phenomenology is to apply the transcendental epoche to overcame the truth in its regularization shape. The hardcore of modern science is located in the world of mathematics and a lot of thinkers find the Math as a land of pure sureness - the core of this work in an opposite proofs, that in fact nowadays math is all, but the correct way of thinking. The two examples are explicit: the Pythagorean Theorem and the Sum of the geometric row. This work brings a quite new view on the mathematical problem of "the point" and "the nothing" as a border of things. In the second part uses as a frame of its topic the first 18 §§ of the work "Paradoxes of the infinite" by Czech mathematician of German mother tongue Bernard Bolzano. The important idea of this study is a new ontological view on the set of prime numbers.
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