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Political programmes of the Czech representation in the second half of the 19th century
Zikmund, Michal ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
The thesis Political Programmes of the Czech Representation in the Second Halve of the 19th Century focuses on both programme documents and actual work of Czech political parties, whether more or less institutionalized, between the years 1848 (March Revolution) and 1918 (the downfall of Austria-Hungary). At first it summarizes the historical development in the respective period (Chapter 1), next, it analyses programmes of political parties in three broadly defined topics: 1) Organisation of the empire, question of the Czech State Right (Chapter 2); 2) Constitutionalism, civil rights and role of a citizen (Chapter 3) and 3) National matters (Chapter 4). The attitudes about each of these areas of the following political parties are defined: Bohemian nobility, National Party (till 1874) or Old Czechs (since then), Young Czechs, Social Democrats, Agrarians, Catholic parties, National Socialists, Progress parties and parties of the Radical State Right, Realists and Anarchists. For the conclusion, the author of the thesis attempts to characterise and evaluating the Czech political representation, as well as its importance for the development since 1918.
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Progres of Criminal Law in 18th Century in Our Countries
Zavadil, Tomáš ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
Progres of Criminal Law in 18th Century in Our Countries Abstract This thesis attempts to show certain aspects of the progress of the criminal law in the 18th century in the Czech Crown Lands. It mainly focuses on substantive criminal law and captures its evolution by comparison of selected instruments of law contained in analyzed criminal codes, which are sorted in chronological order. The thesis is composed of an introductory, three chapters and a conclusions. The introduction briefly defines topic and basic terminology used in this thesis and also mentions existing literature. The chapter one is subdivided into three parts. The first part deals with the state of the sources of criminal law at the begining of 18th century and than mainly focuses on the codification of the municipal law and also on The Renewed Constitution. Next part of the chapter is aimed at the criminal code of Joseph I and at the criminal code of Maria Theresa, which were published in the 18th century. The last part concentrates on two more criminal codes, namely criminal code of Joseph II and also criminal code of Francis II, both being influenced by the philosophy of the age of enlightenment, while the later being published in the 19th century. The second chapter delivers a summary of selected instruments of substantive criminal law....
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The Role of Portugal in the Security Policy of the United States of America (1943-1949)
Malý, Karel ; Koura, Jan (advisor) ; Valkoun, Jaroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis The Role of Portugal in the Security Policy of the United States of America (1943-1949) analyses the relationship between United States of America and Portugal during second world war and in following postwar period. Portugal in wartime Europe defined itself as a neutral state. Salazar's cautious foreign policy deceived either Great Britain and Germany. Great Britain was seen by Salazar as naval world power and traditional ally. Germany in Salazar's view was powerful state capable of confront the Soviet threat in the middle Europe. Western allies since the war began has shown the interest of the geostrategic significant Azores Islands. Salazar's major focus was to keep his country neutral, as he rejected to lend the army bases at the Azores Islands to the Western Allies. At the end of the war, when the German defeat was evident, Salazar allowed to use and lent the bases at the Azores to USA. Portugal became valuable partner in the security policy of the USA. Its role gained the importance even after the second world war, when the democratic values were in threat by the Soviet union. The establishment of the NATO was reaction on this particular menace, and one of the founder member of this alliance was Portugal as well as USA.
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Political and legal aspects in selected provisions of the Constitutional Charter of 1920
Váchová, Martina ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Malý, Karel (referee)
The subject of this rigorous work is to investigate the political and legal aspects that influenced and lead to the formulation of the particular provisions in the Constitutional Charter of 1920. The work also offers juristic analysis of selected constitutional provisions in the context and, in some cases, in the form of comparison with previous laws and standards that implemented the provisions of the Constitutional Charter. We also focus on those constitutional laws, which have become a part of or amendments to the constitution.
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The Memoirs of Dačický as a Source of Information about Czech Law of Early Modern Period
Matyášová, Josefína ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Starý, Marek (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the most famous sources of citychronography that were being created in Bohemia in the 16th and early 17th century. The most competent and prolific literary author of Dačický's Paměti was Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov - a very controversial figure of the KutnáHora society before the Battle of the White Mountain. Beside introducing Dačický's personality and his own experience with the judiciary of the times, the thesis goes briefly into the history of Kutná Hora in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times and describes the city administration and the typical course of legal proceedings as it went before the municipal court. Paměti reflect the diverse crime of the time: the thesis focuses mainly on killing - special attention is paid to the agreements on the head (smlouvy o hlavu), female crimes or suicides - further affrays, duels, slanders and questioning of somebody's impeccability, frauds, thefts and robberies. Keywords Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov, the law, criminality, early modern period, Kutná Hora, city chronicle
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Progres of Criminal Law in 18th Century in Our Countries
Zíka, Tomáš ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
The progress of criminal law in 18th century in our country The main theme of this graduation thesis is the progress in substantive criminal law and procedural criminal law in the 18th century in our countries. Part of the work focuses on the codex published in 1803, as it was highly progressive for the period. Its inclusion in the thesis was, therefore, logical and necessary. The whole development of criminal law in Czech countries has been derived from the progress of criminal law of the Habsburg monarchy, which Bohemia was a part of. As a secondary theme the thesis elaborates the historical development of the monarchy in this period, philosophical and religious orientations and beliefs, the greatest thinkers and previous legislation drawn by policy makers in the 18th century and often accepted in the first half of the 18th century. This work also discusses the progress of the structure of capital justice in our country, which focuses mainly on personal and material equipment and the reason for the gradual reduction of capital court. In a special chapter the correction progress of crimes against divine majesty, on which the opinion has changed over the century, is discussed; namely the change from strictly punishable crime to offenses and then their return back to crime. This chapter also includes a...
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Historical development of the language law and rights in the Czech Lands
Hulík, Milan ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee) ; Mates, Pavel (referee)
298 Zusammenfassung Dissertationsarbeit "Geschichtliche Entwicklung des Sprachenrechtes in den böhmischen Ländern" hat sich als Ziel gesetzt, die Beziehung und das Verhältnis beider Hauptsprachen - Tschechisch und Deutsch - zu erforschen, die in den böhmischen Ländern seit Ankunft der ersten Bewohner böhmischen und deutschen Ursprungs gesprochen wurden. Die Arbeit befasst sich nicht mit den eigentlichen Sprachformen dieser Sprachen, sondern sie konzentriert sich auf das Verhältnis beider diesen Sprachen, Anfang ihrer Konkurrenz, ihren Einfluss in den böhmischen Ländern, Änderungen dieses Einflusses in der Zeit, und Konfrontation dieser Sprachen im Zusammenhang mit ihrem Verhältnis zu den Machthabern - Herrschern und ihren Höfen, Institutionen und Ämtern bei Verwaltung und Regierung der böhmischen Ländern. Die Arbeit verfolgt die ersten rechtlichen Regelungen - gesetzlich festgelegte Priorität der tschechischen Sprache in der Beziehung mit der deutschen Sprache in 1495 und 1615 und befasst sich auch ausführlich mit dem Verhältnis beider Sprachen nach dem Kampf auf dem Weisen Berg und Herausgabe der Verneuerten Landesordnung , ihrer formellen Gleichstellung, faktisch jedoch Rücktritt der tschechischen Sprache und ihrer Ersetzung durch die deutsche Sprache im Zusammenhang mit Wachstum der Habsburgermonarchie,...
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The development of legal regulation of state civil servants in the Czech Lands from 18th century to 1938
Šouša, Jiří ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
The present dissertation endeavours to outline and analyze the evolution of the legal regulation of the status of civil servants from the end of the 18th century to 1938, with an emphasis on the understanding of the advent and change of the status of the so-called statutory civil servants in the Czech Lands. It examines certain issues in the history of the Service Law and their points of departure, and defines the terms 'civil servants', 'civil service, and 'bureaucracy', and their tasks, including state and public service. It puts forward a more comprehensive view of the history of this legal theme. Legal regulation of the status of civil servants in the Czech Lands has a long- established tradition which evolves in line with the evolution of the entire legal system and adopts to changes in society, economy, and the individual normative systems, including the law. The origins of the modern form of the Service Law go back to the 18th century, to the Age of Enlightenment, the reign of Marie Theresa and in particular, the reign of Josef II. Some institutes continued to an extent in the regulation of the absolutistic feudalism and that of the estates, while others represented completely new institutes and have been preserved to this day. There was a common principle that applied until the end of the...
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