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The role of immune system in autism
Niederlová, Veronika ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájková, Michaela (referee)
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with yet unknown etiology. The research point out abnormalities in the immune system of pacients with autism, which could be related to the development of the disease. This thesis reviews current scientific knowledge about the role of the immune system in the development of autism. The leading chapters include family history of autoimmune diseases, specific HLA alleles, the most common autoantibodies and maternal antibodies, lowered NK cell activity and cytokine levels in pacients with autism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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B-1 lymphocyte population and their role in the development of autoimmune diseases
Jabůrek, Filip ; Hájková, Michaela (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee)
B-1 lymphocytes are specific type of B cells, development of witch occurs primarily in neonatal period of life. Later, the population is maintained through self-renewel. B-1 lymphocytes differ from classic folicular B lymphocytes in development from a distinct progenitor, expression of specific surface markers and production of polyreactive natural immunoglobulins. Since the discovery linking B-1 lymphocytes to the development of autoimmune diseases there was a shift in perspective on the B-1 lymphocytes and revaluation of the known facts. The aim of this thesis is to present a summary of current knowledge about B-1 lymphocytes, mechanisms of their effect on the development of autoimmune diseases and to outline the possible application of these findings in therapeutical practice. Key words: B-1 lymphocytes, autoimmune diseases, lupus, leukemia, SLE, B-CLL
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Methods for assessment of proinflammatory cytokines
Freislebenová, Hana ; Lašťovička, Jan (advisor) ; Hájková, Michaela (referee)
Sepsi and septic shock are the leading causes of death in intensive care units worldwide. Cytokines are important regulators of the immune response, which have crucial role in sepsis pathofysiology. This work deals with proin flammatory cytokines mainly interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and TNF-α and methods of their assessment. The purpose of this work is to compare immunohistochemis try methods like ELISA and ELISPOT with assessment of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry.
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Mechanisms of immune tolerance induction in organ transplantations
Brožová, Barbora ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Hájková, Michaela (referee)
The term transplantation tolerance is considered for a long-term graft survival without the need of immunosuppressive therapy. In experimental models, there are many ways to induce the tolerance but have not been transferred into clinical practice, yet. Currently used pharmacological immunosuppression is designed to allow the body to accept the presence of graft and also to preserve the immune system of the recipient. Results of some studies have shown that doses of immunosuppressive agents can be reduced to a minimum and patients might survive for years without an immunosuppression in few cases. The future of immunological tolerance is associated with the development of biomarkers or the use of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge of mechanisms of immunological tolerance in organ transplantations and try to find prospective targets, which could be directed to further research. Keywords: immune tolerance, organ transplantations, rejection, immunosuppression, immunomodulation
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Social and legal regulation of prostitution in selected EU countries
Hájková, Michaela ; Štangová, Věra (referee) ; Koldinská, Kristina (referee)
Prostitution is a major social problem and social topic. In various EU Member States, prostitution is regulated differently, both on the legal and social level. Individual regulatory methods differ considerably as they depend to a large degree on the concrete cultural contexts of each given country. It is therefore impossible to determine which type of regulation could be designated, without other, to constitute regulatory framework which could be considered an ideal, universally applicable method to establish control over prostitution, or even limit it or prevent its occurrences.
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Legal and social regulation of prostitution in the CR
Hájková, Michaela ; Munková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
Závěr Prostituce představuje velice komplexní fenomén. Z právního hlediska se jedná o materii ovlivňovanou mnoha právními obory, z hlediska života ve společnosti nalézáme souvislosti mezi prostitucí a kriminalitou, morálkou, lidskými právy, výchovou mládeže, genderovými otázkami apod. Smyslem předložené práce není podrobný rozbor všech souvisejících dílčích otázek, což by s ohledem na rozsah práce ani nebylo možné, spíše se jedná o přehled základních, v souvislosti s prostitucí diskutovaných témat, příp. materiál k diskusi. Prostituce je kontroverzním tématem, ohledně kterého neexistuje shoda na národní ani na mezinárodní úrovni; v závislosti na zeměpisné délce a šířce se liší právní instrumenty, pomocí kterých je prostituce řešena, přičemž ani v jednotlivých státech nepanuje stran příslušné legislativy shoda. Stav v České republice se jeví jako neudržitelný, právní úprava prostituce je nedostatečná a neefektivní, zejména obce volají po zákoně, který by prostituci reguloval a umožnil ji alespoň částečně dostat pod kontrolu. Současná legislativa neposkytuje prostitutkám a prostitutům patřičnou ochranu a zároveň ani příslušné orgány nejsou nadány dostatečnými pravomocemi, pomocí kterých by mohly prostituci kontrolovat, resp. omezovat související negativní jevy. Návrh zákona o regulaci prostituce, který je po...
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Electronic Communucation as Part organizational Culture
Hájková, Michaela ; Šafránková, Ivana (referee) ; Mráček, Pavel (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis deals with the problems of the organization culture and e-communication. You will find there the fundamental demarcation of the organization culture and e-communicaton from the assorted authors and the most important theoretic definitions. It analyzes the organization culture in the company Monttel, s. r. o. I used the interview for the research on the current organization culture. The conclusion of this thesis contains the summary of the problematic sections and the proposal of the possible improvements or innovations.
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Proposal for an Improvement of the Motivation System at the Telconnect Company
Hájková, Michaela ; Florianová, Jana (referee) ; Novák, Petr (advisor)
This thesis solves the problem of motivation system in the company Telconnect, Ltd. and notes and address any deficiencies of motivation system. New motivation system should excel its attraction and targeting the employees, but also minimized the financial intensity for the company. In my thesis are provided basic theoretical knowledge, practical solutions and suggestions, which could lead to total improvement of the system and effective work of employees.
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Psychological violence and abuse of children in South Bohemia- current issue
HÁJKOVÁ, Michaela
Psychological violence, also called invisible, is one of the forms of a syndrome of ill-treated, abused and neglected child. It causes wounds that are not visible; this, however, does not mean that mental pain is less serious just because of its non-measurability. Psychological violence often includes abuse, threats, humiliation, isolation, denial of emotional response and, last but not least, no concern about child's health. Undoubtedly, the most tragic result of psychological violence is a child's suicide. The bachelor thesis deals with psychological violence against children and adolescents in South Bohemian Region. It depicts the factors of its origin such as family background, parents' education and addiction to addictive substances. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical.The theoretical part is divided into eight sections. The goal of the thesis is defined at the beginning of the empirical part. The main goal has been to find out how much adolescents experience or have experienced psychological violence. The strategy of a quantitative research was used to collect the data and the method of questionnaire was selected. In addition, the research was complemented by the qualitative strategy and the method of questioning was selected. The results of the research have been compared with the opinions of other authors dealing with the issue in question in the discussion. The research suggests that every 8.5 child has become a victim of psychological violence during his/her adolescence. Further it is obvious that the family background affects occurrence of psychological violence against children; the occurrence of mentally abused children increases in incomplete families and stepfather families. Education of the abusing parents belongs among the significant results; parents with higher education abused their children more often than people with elementary education. The conducted research outlines the ratio of the adolescents who experience or have experienced psychological violence in South Bohemian Region.
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