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The Reception of Patristic Fathers' Teaching on Pope's primate at the First Vatican Council
Mariae, Seraphina ; Pelc, Bogdan (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
Anglická anotace The reception of patristic fathers' teaching on Pope's primate at the First Vatican Council The aim of this thesis is to show the evolution in conception of leadership of the Church. The reader will be able to see some parts of life and performance of the Church writers from the founding of the Church as well as where to find them in the Holy Scriptures. The tradition of the Church is part of its strengths. And the Church fathers are those who claim the tradition. This thesis talks about different problems which the Church had to face up but which at the same time helped to form today's wording of dogmas and philosophical movements which influence the basic Christian postures in leadership of the Church. This thesis marginally shows the historical evolution of the Pope's primate doctrine and what had the biggest influence on it. I.e. most important writers who had some influence on this item as well as intra-Church disputes which helped a lot to clear and form some of the arising questions. Heretical opinions had a big influence on the theme as well - when clear definitions were needed to fight against them. Part of the thesis is devoted to the First Vatican Council and connected events because there it was where the most important part of the primate doctrine was formed. When I wanted to...
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Art of the court of Czech and French sovereigns 1370-1420 - the social and historical background (differences and parallels)
Nussbergerová, Lucie ; Hrdina, Jan (referee) ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor)
At the turn of 14th and 15th century, France and the Kingdom of Bohemia both faced very similar situation: progressive failure of royal authority against the background of sublimity and artistic prosperity in service of royal and aristocratic representation. Regarding Bohemia, this period is adherent to the reign of Wenceslas IV. (1378-1419), the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV. His dynasty was related with French kings, during this period it was Charles VI. (1380-1422), called Charles the Mad. The end of the 14th century was a time of insecurity and fear, especially when both of the main powers, secular and spiritual, had been continually weakened. Western Christianity was divided between two, and later even among three popes, residents in Rome, A vignon and Pisa (since 1409). The main task for the kings was to end this situation and to deci de which of these popes was the only one who had been legaly elected. This question was crucial for France and the Holy Roman Empire and it was also the main difficulty in their mutual political relations. Each kingdom also had problems with their own political situation: in France the war with England and subsequent civil war among the members of the royal family. In Bohemia it was the relation with the Holy Roman Empire, because Wenceslas IV. inherited the...
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Japan on the road to become a superpower, 1868-1905
Kočvar, Jan ; Kovář, Martin (referee) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
ln thc ťirst halť oť thc scvcnteenth century, Japan, hitherto a powerťul and absolutely not a backwarcl nation. had been forced by shogun's regulations into unnecessary isolation. which let ber military power diminish and her people imprisoned in narrow area oť its homc islands. All opportunities for ťoreign expansion were missecl: main reasons wcre ridiculous fear of the Tokugawa bakuťu ťrom Christianity, which were curiously not settled by extinction of main Christian bases in th(~ Fm F,;1st hy the .Japam~'W ~mrl its s~lfish rPsolutirm not to sllow changes in the halance oť power among the bakuťu and powerťul daimjo tozama from remote southwest regions of Japan. At the beginning oť the second half oť the XIX. century, Japan was a poor and underdeveloped country, almost entirely secluded ťrom the outsidc world. Once great cmpire was an easy victim of "ťoreign barbarians", who handily forced signing oť unequaltreaties. l-lis Imperial Majesty thus reassumed a rcign over a weak country which may be justly clescrihed as a semi-colony of ťoreign intruders. However, wise and resolute leadership of the Meiji government allowecl Japan to become a "rich country with strong army", fully capable of revision not only of unequal treaties, but also of her entire international position. Olel ancl cleep desire of Japanese...
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Geopolitical aspects of European Islam
Kacerovský, Ludvík ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Kučera, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of this work is to define how European Muslims affect policies and politics of European countries. In Europe there live about 37 millions of Muslims; it is approximately 5% of the whole population of Europe. Despite this relatively small number, this minority is very significant. The text consists of 5 main parts. The first chapter is focused on cohabitation of Muslims and Christians in Europe from 8th to beginning of 20th century. During this period there existed two main Islamic empires in Europe - Andalusia under Muslims rule and Ottoman Empire. Relations between Islamic and Christian states were various - from friendly relations to hostility, mostly depended on the interest of particular states. During 19thcentury Ottoman Empire lost almost all European possessions and Islamic influence on Europe became minimal. Muslims started to be important for Europe (mainly the western part) again in 50" of 20th century. Due to lack of workers in industry and agriculture Muslim men were invited to work in Western Europe. Since that time the number of Muslims in Europe is constantly increasing, partly because of immigration and partly owing to the growing number of Muslims born in Europe, so-called "second generation". Muslims have different religion, culture and habits from the rest of Europeans and...
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Cultural heritage and living arts of ethnographic area field Podkrkonoší on the example of village Horní Štěpanice
Šteflová, Soňa ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
This work is concerned with the study of the cultural and historical development of Podkrkonoší region focused on the village Horní Štěpanice in the perspective of disciplin es of a cultural theory. It offers a complex study of micro regional development in its full time perspective. The emphasis is placed upon the beginnings of settlement in this region, its variations in different time period and its contemporary description. The work defines this locality on the background of various historical events, such as period of ownership of this dominium by two noble houses of Valdštejn and Harrach, first and second world war, period of socialism and the development after revolution in the year 1989. This work also includes interpretation of collected material. On this base analyse of tangible art and live culture of this region is given. Thc emphasis is therefore placed upon the following subjects: folk cuisine, traditional handcrafts, folk costume, amateur theatrical, local dialect and folk habits and customs during the Christian year. Conclusion of the work lies in the village contemporary stance analyse in the context of regional culture. The main objective of the work is first, to reveal a complex study of the Podkrkonoší region while using an example of particular village. Second, to demonstrate current...
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Ecumenism in Tomáš Špidlík's literary work
Bubníková, Anna ; Červenková, Denisa (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
RÉSUMÉ Ecumenism in Tomáš Špidlík's literary work The paper "Ecumenism in Tomáš Špidlík's literary work" aims to introduce the figure of this theologian, Jesuit and cardinal, to acquaint the reader with his view on spirituality of eastern Christianity and particularly with themes concerning ecumenism, of which the author is a prominent exponent. The paper is divided into three parts. The first one deals with ecumenism in terms of historical context. It shows the moments when the church divided and new separate churches were born. It emphasizes the formation of ecumenical movement and the second Vatican council, which was one of the greatest ecclesiological councils and also a council of ecumenism. The second part focuses on the person of cardinal Tomáš Špidlík, his personal growth and circumstances that eventually led him to the eastern spirituality. The third part concerns ecumenism in Tomáš Špidlík's literary work. It concentrates on eastern spirituality in the point of view of T. Špidlík and eastern authors that influenced him. It shows the diversions and connections between western and eastern churches, e.g. the Trinity which examples the unity, and Mary, who is a bridge between the East and the West. Moreover, the paper deals with priority of a free person and prayer of heart, which is the foremost...
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Exorcism in the Synoptic Gospels
Lupačová, Viktorie ; Melmuk, Petr (advisor) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
This work studies the understanding of Jesus' exorcisms in synoptic gospels. On an example of some of the Jesus' authentic statements is shown the Jesus' understanding of his own exorcist activity as the eschatological and soteriological event. In his concept the exorcisms are the manifestation of God's kingdom which is happening in his arrival and his actions. At the time the Jesus' exorcisms have the power to free a man both physically and spiritually. By analyzing individual pericopes of synoptic gospels is illustrated the reception drift of exorcisms which has happened to three authors of synoptic gospels. These have transferred the accent from eschatological and soteriological background of exorcisms to its mission meaning for the early Christian community.
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Cultural and historical development of Podkrkonoší region focused on the village Horní Štěpanice
Šteflová, Soňa ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
This work is concerned with the study of the cultural and historical development of Podkrkonoší region focused on the village Horní Štěpanice in the perspective of disciplines of a cultural theory. It offers a complex study of micro regional development in its full time perspective. The emphasis is placed upon the beginnings of settlement in this region, its variations in different time period and its contemporary description. The work defines this locality on the background of various historical events, such as period of ownership of this dominium by two noble houses of Valdštejn and Harrach, first and second world war, period of socialism and the development after revolution in the year 1989. This work also includes interpretation of collected material. On this base analyse of tangible art and live culture of this region is given. The emphasis is therefore placed upon the following subjects: folk cuisine, traditional handcrafts, folk costume, amateur theatrical, local dialect and folk habits and customs during the Christian year. Conclusion of the work lies in the village contemporary stance analyse in the context of regional culture. The main objective of the work is first, to reveal a complex study of the Podkrkonoší region while using an example of particular village. Second, to demonstrate current...
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Historical Jesus and the rise of Christianity
Habermann, Tomáš ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
Nejprve byla víra pravděpodobně formována Ježíšovými následovníky, kteří po duchovním utrpení, které jim způsobil kříž, vystoupili s novou nadějí. Byli to konkrétní lidé kteří si nanejvýš ve své fantazii mysleli, že jednají z boží vůle, ale byl to jejich "sebeklam". Byla to opět jejich psychika, divoce vizionářsky přeoraná, která zrodila křesťanskou víru. A velmi podobně na tom byly i další osobnosti - Štěpán, který se dostal do sporu s židovskou obcí a který byl ukamenován a především Pavel, pravděpodobně také velký extatik a vizionář, který má rozhodující podíl na vzniku křesťanství. Nechci zde nyní předkládat obsah své diplomové práce v duchu rešerše. Chci jen, aby si čtenář opravdu vzal k srdci klíčové myšlenky této práce a aby mu některé poznatky utkvěly v paměti a to i přes to, že snad bylo položeno více otázek než bylo dáno odpovědí. Rád bych, aby bylo naprosto jasné, že křesťanství je lidský výtvor, že Ježíš je historickou osobností a že evangelia nejsou historickým záznamem skutečných událostí, ale že jsou výpovědí o rodící se a transformující se víře. To vše jsou v podstatě základní fakta, která jsou ale velmi zajímavá a přitažlivá. A právě přitažlivost základních vědomostí mne vedla k tomu, jak jsem práci pojal - jako uvedení do problematiky pro všechny, kdo o ní mají zájem, ale zároveň i jako...
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"The victim of one's victim" The process of victimization in William Faulkner's The sound and the fury
Novotná, Ema ; Nováková, Soňa (referee) ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor)
William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury was written eighty years ago but is still considered a unique and a remarkable novel. It was published in the "annus mirabilis" (Andrews 251), i.e. the miraculous year of 1929, which introduced literary works of authors who changed the world of literature substantially. Ernest Miller Hemingway's war novel A Farewell to Arms influenced other representatives of one literary generation, i.e. the Lost Generation just as Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own and Faulkner's essential novel participated in the genesis of a literary movement: Modernism, or American Modernism, respectively. The difficult structure of Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury did not wait for first interpretations - it was discussed and analyzed the moment it reached the hands of critics, university professors and students. Scholars examined the peculiar specifics of Faulkner's style of writing as well as the tangled web of his meticulously constructed characters and his precisely arranged passages and chapters. Various aspects: his use of madness and sanity, his unique concept of time organized according to psychological rather than linear time, a stream of consciousness narrative, warped heroes, "disruptive female characters" (Roberts, XI) - all seen from the perspective of Faulkner's fictitious...
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