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The construction of a composite indicators and a comparison of living standards of of seniors in Czech Republic and selected OECD countries in 2013
Lukáš, Matěj ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to create two composite indicators which will provide an informative value about the standard of living of seniors in selected countries of OECD. Using these indicators it will be possible to make a comparison of standards of living on the international level. First of the indicators is Consolidated replacement rate (CRR) which measures income conditions of seniors, which from the economical point of view is considered as the source of standard of living. The construction of CRR is built on theoretical basics from an OECD publication - Pension at Glance 2013. The main component of CRR indicator is a replacement rate which compares income of seniors before and after the retirement. CRR is also composed of two other indicators influencing disposable pension of seniors - imputed rents and services provided by the public sector. The highest values of CRR were reached by Netherlands, Hungary, Iceland and Denmark. On the opposite side the lowest values had countries like Great Britain, Germany and Poland. The reason of this low score for Great Britain and Germany was unavailability of data of private incomes of seniors and therefore it could not be included into CRR. The second constructed indicator is Standard of living of seniors (SLS) which provides a more complex view on the standard of living of seniors using variations of different indicators selected by the author. It includes for example the income situation, risk of poverty and social exclusion or happiness of seniors. Countries with the best values of SLS were Denmark, Netherlands, Iceland and Luxembourg. By far the lowest score was gained by Portugal followed by Estonia, Poland and Greece. In comparison with other countries the Czech Republic was below average among the observed OECD countries with the fifth lowest score of CRR and slightly below average in SLS.
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Prevention and approaches to obesity in childhood
LUDVÍKOVÁ, Nikola
The main goal of the bachelor thesis called Prevention of and Approaches to Obesity in Childhood is to calculate and compare calories in food consumed by two different groups of children for a period of 14 days. The first group comprises children with the BMI value greater than 90th centile (obese or overweight children) and the condition for the other group is the BMI value lower than 75th centile (normal weight children). Another goal of the thesis is to compare the overall eating habits and physical activities of the individuals and to create recommendations for the obese individuals if a change is needed. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on occurrence of obesity both in the Czech Republic and worldwide, classification and diagnosis, types, risk factors, therapy and prevention of obesity. A well-balanced diet for children and rules for proper eating habits are dealt with in this part of the thesis, too. Great influence of the life-style of the whole family on occurrence of obesity and overweight in children is highlighted here. The qualitative research method conducted by means of recording every meal by 24 selected children from the South Bohemian Region for a period of 14 days was used to prepare the research part. The data were collected in the period from January to April 2013; 12 obese patients of the paediatric consulting room in Třeboň and 12 respondents selected according to the corresponding age and sex were involved in the research. The information was collected from the children themselves, possibly from their parents. The calculations of the calories in the individual meals were processed by the ?Nutriservis Profesional? programme. Recording sheets to record meals and drinks during the period of measurement were used to evaluate calorie intake. The filled-in meal recording sheets were collected two weeks after these had been distributed to the research participants. The data were processed with the ?Microsoft Excel? computer programme using computing relations and its functions. Afterwards, the respondents? responses were processed and evaluated with the ?Nutriservis Profesional? programme. The processed data have been interpreted in form of a simple text and descriptive statistics. The results suggest two main differences in the eating habits of the two examined groups. One of them is regular eating and the other one is meal composition; there is a big difference in physical activities, too. As for the obese children, they often have irregular and unbalanced eating habits, do no physical activities and eat mainly fat and fried meals. Only several children differ from these criteria. The eating habits of normal weight children are various. The only common characteristic is regular physical activity. Some of the normal weight children eat in a similar way like the obese children, however, despite this the number of children having eating habits suitable to their age, height, sex and nearly following the rules for well-balanced diet prevails. The results show that obesity occurrence is significantly affected by the family anamnesis, i.e. genetics. The genetic predisposition to obesity plays a 40-percent role, however, this can be positively influenced by suitable eating habits and physical activities. The thesis conclusions suggest it is necessary to continually develop knowledge of proper eating habits and healthy life-style in all families, to try develop forms of obesity prevention in all segments of the society and not to believe in all misleading advertisements. ?
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Business plan
Taušek, Jan ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Antušák, Emil (referee)
The thesis has two main goals. The first one, which is going to be achieved in the theoretical part, is to offer a satisfactory overview of a range of fundamental concepts covering the subject of starting and running a new business. In particular, a range of definitions, legislation matters and procedures will be offered. The second goal is to research a particular business idea and determine, whether the idea is likely to succeed. The practical part of the thesis explains and describes this particular business idea and offers a business plan mainly dealing with marketing, technical, financial, risk and future growth matters.
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Etiology of childhood acute leukemia
Burjanivová, Tatiana ; Zuna, Jan (advisor) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee) ; Haškovec, Cedrick (referee)
Childhood acute leukaemias are a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases. Based on cell origin, clinical manifestations, and molecular/chromosomal changes, we distinguish two main subtypes: acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of childhood leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly found in adults, being rarer in childhood. In the Czech Republic, the ALL is in childhood diagnosed approximately five times more often compared to AML. Despite the intensive research, aetiology of leukaemia has not been entirely clarified. So far, we only have knowledge of certain risk factors (ionising radiation, some chemicals and viruses) but in the vast majority of cases the aetiopathogenesis has not yet been made clear. Some of the answers may be provided by studies dealing with the presence of (pre)-leukaemic cells in a material archived prior to the clinical onset of the disease. Such are for example the so-called Guthrie cards, the dried blood samples collected immediately after birth and used in screening of the newborns for metabolic disorders. The better availability of material collected before the diagnosis of a secondary leukaemia (originally meant for the follow-up of the primary malignancy) might help us in better...
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Motivation of sensation seeking in sport round young people at the age of 16-25 (freestyle snowboarding)\\
BUNDOVÁ, Petra
This work deals with the question of what brings young people to extreme sports, despite the fact that they are exposed to a certain amount of danger. The theoretical part explains terms such as motivation, sensation seeking and the state of flow. Tha practical part contains research that uses the method of a questionnaire. One standard and one non-standard questionnaires were used. The research used n=31 (17 woman, 14 man) local adolescents who showed different levels of devotion to freestyle snowboarding. The foremost focus of the research was to determine the amount of risk-seeking among adolescents. The second part of the research is designed to find out whether the respondents reach the state of flow during the given activity. The results show that the respondents reached above-average SSS values, the highest results respondents reached in Dis and BS, average results in ES and below-average in TAS. Respondents reached slightly below-average levels of flow in comparison with the German norm.
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Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group II
Břečková, Anna ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hašková, Pavlína (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Anna Břečková Supervisor: Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group II Iron deficiency and iron overload play important roles in the pathophysiology of certain human diseases. Administration of iron chelators is a suitable therapy in iron overload conditions, especially in cases of hematological diseases treated with blood transfusions. Iron- chelating therapy appears as well as a promising tool for other diseases (acute myocardial infarction, tumor, etc.). Several factors should be considered according to expected indications: 1) oral efficiency, 2) activity in acidic environment, 3) ability to reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions (risk of pro-oxidation). The aim of this thesis was to verify the iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods. From this group, p-terc.butyl- and p-nitroderivatives of the basic structure and the derivatives marked as H2Q3Q and H2QPy, which are double molecules of the basic structure, were chosen. All of the tested substances had some potential to chelate ferrous ions and were also devoid of...
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Summary of types of human limbs defects.
Hundsnurscherová, Zdeňka ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotná, Božena (referee)
The prenatal growth of the upper and lower human limbs is sensitive to disruption during the critical period, beginning on day 25 from conception, until day 35 for upper limbs. For the lower limbs the development begins and ends about a day or two later. This period is followed by a minor critical period, when there is no risk of a severe developmental defect, and it lasts up until the end of the week 8 from conception. At the beginning of the critical period large developmental defects can develop (amelia, phocomelia, hemimelia, ektromelia and sirenomelia), later small defects can develop, that affect mainly distal structures of the limbs (longitudinal preaxial reduction, longitudinal postaxial, longitudinal pre- and postaxial). Apart from the critical period, a sensitive period exists, a period in which cells of the developing organs are sensitive to negative effects of the external environment. External negative effects are called teratogens and they generally include factors like drugs (thalidomide, vitamin A, misoprostol, phenytoin, methotrexate). Part of the external negative effects as well, are physical ones, such as hypoxia and hyperthermia, radiation, and also biological factors such as bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Chemical and physical external effect is the most common...
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Modelování ve finanční analýze
Maďar, Milan ; Hurt, Jan (advisor) ; Zichová, Jitka (referee)
In this thesis we study the regional and global linkages as evidence of markets integration of the stock markets in Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Prague the U.S. and the dynamics of volatility transmission of related foreign exchange rates using multivariate GARCH approach. For each of the model classes, a theoretical review, basic properties and estimation procedure are provided. We illustrate approach by applying the models to daily market data. Our two main aims are discussing and report the existence of regional and global stock markets linkages and provide comparison of such multivariate GARCH models on the data sample. We find out that the estimated time-varying conditional correlations indicate limited integration among the markets which implies that investors can benefit from the risk reduction by investigating in the different stock markets especially during the crisis.
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Early warning signs and relapse prevention in schizophrenia
Onderková, Veronika ; Bankovská Motlová, Lucie (advisor)
For the processing of my thesis I have chosen the theme " Early warning symptoms and prevention of relapse of schizophrenia " due to long-standing interest in the disease. Already during his studies at secondary school I started to get acquainted with psychiatry and especially schizophrenia . The first book that sparked my interest in schizophrenia , was Paper MD . Jaroslav Vacek " The disease of the soul - Chapters of psychiatry ." It I have also the opportunity to meet two peers , which in this high-risk age around twenty years, the disease manifested itself . In the study of medicine remained Psychiatry in addition to internal fields in the center of my interest . Schizophrenia is among the public is still shrouded in many myths and delusions . Experts still far have not completed this research disease , its etiology , symptoms and treatment procedure . Schizophrenia is a privilege Homo sapiens. Schizophrenic apes do not exist and even other animals like this usually not penalized . The symptoms of schizophrenia are varied . There is currently no laboratory test result or auxiliary examination methods , which would be for a schizophrenic disease specific. The course of the disease is unpredictable. Schizophrenia usually takes place in atakách with remissions . The goal of long-term treatment to prevent...
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Multivariate GARCH
Maďar, Milan ; Hurt, Jan (advisor) ; Branda, Martin (referee) ; Mazurová, Lucie (referee)
4 Title: Multivariate GARCH Author: Mgr. Milan Mad'ar Department: Katedra pravděpodobnosti a matematické statistiky Abstract: This thesis will examine the regional and global linkages as evi- dence of integration of stock markets in Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Prague and the U.S. Therefore we will utilize the multivariate GARCH approach that investigates the dynamics of volatility transmission of related foreign exchange rates. Also, we will define three basic model classes. For each of the model classes a theoret- ical review, basic properties and estimation procedure with proofs are provided. We illustrate each approach by applying the models to daily market data. The two main aims of the thesis are to discuss and report the existence of regional and global stock markets linkages and provide a comparison of such multivariate GARCH models on the data sample. The main contribution of the thesis is that it treats the data in the context of real development in financial markets and takes into account the real situation during and after the financial crisis of 2008. We find out that the estimated time-varying conditional correlations indicate limited integration among the markets, which implies that investors can benefit from the risk reduction by investing in the different stock markets, especially during the crisis....
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