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Essays on the Unbundling of Electricity Networks in the Eu an the USA: Theory and Empirics
Van Koten, Silvester ; Ortmann, Andreas (advisor) ; Leautier, Thomas-Olivier (referee) ; Kmenta, Jan (referee)
This Ph.D. dissertation focuses on a central question about regulation in the EU and US electricity markets: the effects of vertical integration of generation and transmission and distribution networks. I focus on the forms of vertical integration where the generation and network firms are partly separated, such as in a legal or organizational form. Such form of separation is called unbundling. In the first two papers, I develop theoretical models to analyze the economic effects of vertical integration under legal unbundling (firms are legally separated entities and have the same owner) relative to ownership unbundling (firms are legally separated entities and have different owners). Both papers have policy implications for the regulation of the EU and US electricity markets, and make new contributions to auction theory, especially toehold auctions. In the first paper I consider the legal unbundling of the network activities; in the second paper I consider the legal unbundling of both the network activities and the generation activity. In both papers I find theoretical evidence that, in terms of efficiency, legal unbundling gives results inferior to ownership unbundling. Furthermore, I find solutions for several cases of toehold auctions that have not been solved before and that I believe to be interesting....
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Integration of immigrants from Arabic countries settled in Prague for the long term or permanently
Koudelová, Jana ; Šiklová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šišková, Tatjana (referee)
In my thesis I summed up the basic theoretical and practical knowledge about adaptation/integration of immigrants, integration policy and social work in the process of integration od immigrants, which i took from actual professional literature. I was also engaged in the influence of arabic-islamic factors in the integration process and actual situation of islam in the Czech society. I came out of the presumption, that the members of the target group can be negatively influented by unfair attitudes of majority and media, which usually come from the lack of information and can have specific needs and problems, on which it is necessary to react in an adequate way. By controlled structured interviews I realized pilot study into the target group, with the goal to gain information, useful for other researches and to consult the integration history of individuals, focusing on their specific needs in process of integration and forms and measure of their satisfaction and to indicate other possible fields of creation and application of integration arrangements, connected with the utilization or creation of capacities from both the side of majority society and immigrants theirselves. Integration is a komplex, multidimensional and multilevel process, on which must actively and responsibly cooperate all subjects of...
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Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis based on the presence of extracellular fetal nucleic acids in maternal circulation
Vullum, Kristin ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor)
Prenatal diagnosis is now part of established obstetric practice in many countries. However, conventional methods of obtaining fetal tissues for genetic analysis, including amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, are invasive and constitute a finite risk to the unborn fetus. Approximately one procent end with abortion because of the procedure, even though the fetus is healthy. Other methods also exist, that without risks, can give information about certain conditions that the fetus might have. But a certain diagnosis can not be given without several different examination methods by a specialist. It has been a long-sought goal in human genetics to develop methods of obtaining fetal genetic materials for analysis, without putting a risk on the mother and fetus. Research in this field have been intensified the last years, mostly because of technologically improvements that have given us new techniques and new valuable information. Based on analysis of fetal nucleic-DNA in maternal blood, pregnant women are able to get a diagnosis that is totally risk free for the fetus. Unfortunately, with new technology there will always be new problems that need to be discussed and solved before they can be used in clinical practice. The ideal situation would be that there was some kind of world wide policy for the...
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Diplomatic relations between the USA and the People's Republic of China
Čtvrtníček, Ondřej ; Veselý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějka, Zdeněk (referee)
In my thesis I analyze the diplomatic relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China and their influence not only on the Pacific region but also on the rest of the world. The thesis relies especially on written pieces on the topic as there is sufficient amount of them with regard to the broadness of the topic. The aim of the thesis is to describe the development of the diplomatic relations between the two states in the international framework, to record the circumstances which forced each state to take the position to another and the impact which the development of mutual relations had to the world. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter maps the period of the time from the end of the 19th century to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It deals with the problems of the open door policy, The World War Two and the following third Chinese civil war. The second chapter investigates the Korean War and its incidence on the mutual relations. Next chapter is focused on the normalization of the mutual diplomatic relations in particular in the 1970s. In the last chapter I analyze creation of the triangular diplomacy, the impact of the normalization on the Pacific region and the admission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations.
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The attitude of the conservative Baldwin government towards the attempts to create the system of collective security in the 1920s
Novotný, Lukáš ; Skřivan, Aleš (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee) ; Moravcová, Dagmar (referee)
The postwar Europe was in a complicated position. It was necessary to create a system of a collective security to prevent events similar to the previous war after a period of terror. After a rejection of the United States of America to join the League of Nations, which would provide a functioning of a new order, Great Britain took over a role of the most important subject in creating of a new security system. The Stanley Baldwin Conservative government held a decisive role during negotiations about two essential concepts of the system of collective security (the Geneva Protocol, the Rhineland Pact) in the first half of the 1920s. The Cabinet primarily refused to ratify a document, on which participated a previous Labour government. It had several reasons: unlimited obligations, compulsory arbitration or automatic sanctions. The Rhineland Pact from October 1925 meant a victory of the socalled moderates within the Conservative Party. It refused both a return to the policy of the splendid isolation and an idea of an exclusion of Germany from international relations. The agreement also embodied an idea, which meant the only possible solution on a field of the collective security for Conservatives - an idea of separate treaties that would include limited obligations of Western Europe only. The result of the...
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Těžba v Predator-Prey modelu
Chrobok, Viktor ; Lagová, Milada (advisor) ; Kalčevová, Jana (referee)
The paper is focused on the Predator-Prey model modified in the case of harvesting one or both populations. Firstly there is given a short description of the basic model and the sensitivity analysis. The first essential modification is percentage harvesting. This model could be easily converted to the basic one using a substitution. The next modification is constant harvesting. Solving this system requires linearization, which was properly done and brought valuable results applicable even for the basic or the percentage harvesting model. The next chapter describes regulation models, which could be used especially in applying environmental policies. All reasonable regulation models are shown after distinguishing between discrete and continuous harvesting. The last chapter contains an algorithm for maximizing the profit of a harvester using econometrical modelling tools.
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U.S. position in international trade
Černý, Lukáš ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Taušer, Josef (referee)
The first chapter of the thesis analyzes the current economic development in the United States and assess its impact on the development of foreign trade. Emphasis is placed on the impact of financial crisis, weakening U.S. dollar against other world currencies and the state of balance of payments. The second chapter aims to present the direction of U.S. trade policy, its objectives, instruments and institutional support. The third chapter is devoted to the position of the United States in the multilateral trading system and their role in intergovernmental organizations in the field of international trade.
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California Proposition 187 - The American Immigration Discussion in 1990's
Kučerová, Lenka ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Korytová Magstadt, Štěpánka (referee)
Immigration - legal and illegal - has been an important issue throughout the United States history. One of the periods of high interest in immigration and related themes occurred during the 1990's, especially between years 1994 and 1996. The controversial Proposition 187 restricting the illegal immigrants' access to welfare benefits and state education passed in California in November 1994 was the first anti-immigrant measure of this period. The state of California became once again a ''trendmaker" in the immigration policy of the United States. Nevertheless, California is rather unique among the states of the Union with its substantially high share of foreign born population and great ethnic diversity. The goal of the thesis was to analyze the immigration discussion in California in 1990's on the example of Proposition 187 passed in 1994 in a referendum and evaluate the impact of the discussion on the federal legislative and the federal immigration debate. The first task was to describe the demographic situation and development in California in the first half of the 1990's - its basic characteristics, and also the economical and social circumstances - and also introduce a brief history of California immigration. The California population has been changing very quickly since 1980's and the share of...
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Negotiations and processes of dividing of the Czechoslovak Federation
Vodsloň, Ondřej ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
Themes of this thesis are negotiations and processes leading to the division of Czechoslovak federation. At the beginning this work describes common history of Czechoslovakia till the year 1989. This part of the thesis is primarily focused on problems and common issues of both nations present in Czechoslovakia. There is also brief analysis of national policy towards other nations. Second part of the beginning is dealing with the political history of Czechoslovakia between November 1989 and June 1992. This part describes in detail the biggest difficulties both nations had to solve. Special attention is paid to the "dash-war", dispute about competence between republics and federation, negotiations about state agreement and constitutions. From the opening analysis results, that till the election in June 1992 was achieving a compromise between both nations difficult but still possible. Next part of this thesis describes its main theme, the negotiations between political elites of ODS and HZDS, rule parties elected in the year 1992. In this detail interpretation of conferences is revealed role of each of the main politicians involved in the process of the partition, starting with problematic role of Václav Havel, who unwillingly but significantly contributed to the division, continuing with uncompromising...
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Defense expenditures financing of the United States of America during World War II
Jurák, Marek ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the financing of war expenditures of the United States of America during Second World War. Thesis starts with a theoretical introduction to fiscal policy which is widely contained throughout the whole thesis. Followed with brief introduction to the economic history of the USA. Beginning with the Roaring Twenties ended by the Great Depression followed with politics of New Deal. The second part introduces the principles of war economy and the instruments which goverment use to affect and finance the economy. Goals of this thesis are to analyze these instruments and find out to what extent were used. The subject of analysis is especially funding through taxation which took a large part of the war financing, but not the majority. Results of this paper indicate that the most of the defense expenditures were financed through debt, mostly by borrowing from the public through purchased war bonds.
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