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The role of international non-governmental organizations in the protection of human rights
Andrlová, Kristýna ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee) ; Honusková, Věra (advisor)
The role of international non-governmental organisations in protection of human rights Summary The aim of this master thesis is to provide a systematic insight into the legal status and the role of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in protection and promotion of human rights in international law. By means of that, the thesis seeks to answer the question whether the current legal status of INGOs is favourable both for the INGOs themselves and their counterparts at the international level, mainly the states and international governmental organisations. Divided into three parts, the thesis is focused first on the legal definition of INGOs and their legal status in international relations, together with a depiction of their main functions. The illustration of the legal status of INGOs is oriented mainly on the legal regulation within the United Nations and the Council of Europe, two international bodies with the most developped cooperation strategy with INGOs. The theoretic part serves to demonstrate the contrast between a weak formal position and rather informal role of INGOs in international law, which is yet getting more and more important, mainly in the area of protection and promotion of internationally recognised human rights. The second part is a case study of the tendencies mentioned...
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Application of personal income taxes in a company
AIZNEROVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is focused on one part of the tax system of the Czech Republic. It is the part of personal income taxes. The aim of this work is to analyze this tax and describe its application in a company. The theoretical part of this thesis contains whole legal regulations of personal income taxes. The main aim of this part is to show the changes that occurred after the tax revision in the year 2007. So it compares the situation in the year 2007 and in the year 2008. The second part of the thesis attends to the practical matter of the system of the personal income taxes. At first it shows tax incidence on taxpayers after the tax revision. The main part is focused on the application of this tax in chosen trading company. The tax system was studied in one join-stock company that is a part of one big international holding company. This company use very sophisticated software SAP R/3. This software was examined especially in the area of personal income taxes and in the area of the system of wages. Last but not least one example is shown, how the whole process of taxation looks (calculation of tax liability, all necessary forms, annual summation of tax).
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New Labour Code {--} its positives and negatives
TENKLOVÁ, Ivana
The task of this thesis named {\clqq}New Labour Code {--} its positives and negatives`` is to compare the old Labour Code with the new one, to show the changes and updates and their impact to practice, to find the positives and negatives in its application. After long negotiations, the Labour Code began to be valid in January 2007 in a new form, but only by the {\clqq}technical novel`` and by the finding of the Constitutional court the main inadequacies were eliminated. The question remains if the Labour Code as an independent Code is necessary. It is usual in some countries that the labour-law tasks are treated in the Civil Code, but our legal regulations result from the Soviet concept of the legal system. Currently the framework of the new Civil Code is finished; one of the authors is Professor Karel Eliáš, who is just the protagonist of incorporation the labour law into the Civil Code. On the other hand, the labour law nowadays is so wide and specific, that its incorporation back into the civil law would have been extremely difficult.
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A comparison of Czech and German regulations of contractual representation with regard to the proposed regulation in the new Civil Code draft
Hlavová, Lucie ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
LEGAL COMPARISON OF REPRESENTATION GRANTED BY THE PRINCIPAL UNDER THE CZECH AND GERMAN CIVIL CODE WITH REGARD TO THE PROPOSAL OF A NEW CZECH CIVIL CODE Legal representation (agency) belongs to the most important legal institutes within the private autonomy of each person. Acting on behalf of the principal, the representative (agent) has the authority to affect directly the legal position of the principal. The valid Czech Civil Code of 1964 regulates this legal institute in only a few provisions, the commentaries on this Act and civil law books deal only with the basic information and there is not a single Czech monograph on this topic. It may invoke that this institute is not the complicated one but this would be fully wrong. There are many questions regarding the relationship between the principal and the representative or between the representative and the third party. A lot of problems are traditionally caused by the legal authority, its scope and ending. In order to create a modern private law in the Czech Republic, which should put an end to the legal development of the past decades influenced by socialism, a new Civil Code should be created. This gives a chance also to a better regulation of agency adequate to the right of people to determine their private sphere and to the protection of third parties...
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The right to life and the death penalty
Peleška, František ; Kudrna, Jan (referee) ; Suchánek, Radovan (advisor)
114 Right to life and the death penalty - Summary Perhaps no other topic has been subject to so many heated discussions like the topic of my thesis, in which there is a conflict between everyone's fundamental human right, namely the right to life on the one part, and the state's right to impose death penalty on some individuals that have committed a been convicted of certain crimes on the other part. Both advocates for and objectors to death penalty list many arguments for and against the capital punishment. As results from the conclusions I made in my thesis, some of the retentionists' arguments are seriously flawed. I was not able to prove the deterrent effect of death penalty and the related generally preventive function of capital punishment in relation to the most serious crimes. On the contrary, there are many cases where nations that do not have capital punishment in their legal systems have a lower level of the most serious criminality than nations using death penalty. The clear-up rate and the inevitability of punishment have a bigger effect than the harshness of punishment. The argument that the public opinion is significantly in favour of death penalty and thus the abolition of death penalty could result in less trust in the law is also very weak. A high level of support for capital punishment in...
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Alfréd Radok's adaptations for the "laterna magika" principle
Šmídtová, Lenka ; Pavlovský, Petr (referee) ; Stehlíková, Eva (advisor)
Czech theater director Alfred Radok (1914-1976) was always temped by confronting several layers of meaning in one single work of art. On theater he used different scenic spaces at once - in e.g. his production of Offenbach's opera Hoffman's Tales (Velka opera 5. kvetna IThe Great May 5th Opera/, 1946) he combined two spaces which symbolized the two worlds of Hoffman's fantasy. The true character of these worlds was not only formed by the stage design but also by acting. When transiting from one space to the other the actors changed their gestures, their body language, the way they walked, etc. A similar principle was applied in Verdi's Rigoletto (Velka opera 5. kvetna IThe Great May 5th Operal, 1947). In this production the singers were moving inbetween two different worlds - one being represented by a ceremonial opening night of this performance in Teatro La Fenice, while the second by the theater backstage which unveiled the reverse side of fame (scene-shifters were preparing the change of the upcoming scene, one singer was flirting around with the dancers, prop-woman was knitting etc.). This specific technique of totally diverse realities medley became the basis for Radok's film debut Daleka cesta IFar Away Journey/ (1949). A portrayal of a life story of a mixed marriage during the Second World War is...
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The statutory bodies of the Limited Liability Company and Joint-Stock Company
Mužíková, Tereza ; Kalinová, Miluše (advisor) ; Žák, Květoslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with statutory bodies of the Limited Liability Company and Joint-Stock Company. In the case of the Limited Liability Company we are talking about the agent and in the case of Joint-Stock Company we are talking about the board. The role of the statutory body in the company is really very fundamental. The reason why this position is so important is the authority to negotiate in the name of company - activity outside of the company and business leadership of the company - activity inside of the company. This work is divided into two basic parts, which should present the general overview of the statutory bodies in the Limited Liability Company and Joint-Stock Company. First part deals with the general characteristic of the Limited Liability Company and Joint-Stock Company and the second one deals with direct questions of statutory bodies in the given companies. The aim of the first chapter is to present the conditions for discharge of function and its creation, legal regulation between the member of the statutory bodies and the reasons are for the discharge of this function. Next chapters deal with acting on behalf of the company and with the trade leadership of the company, responsibility and discretions and duties resulting from the discharge of their office.
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Annahof
Buganská, Petra ; Kuchta, Marek (referee) ; Foretník, Jan (advisor)
Anenský Court has more historical layers. When looking at the half-collapsed brick arch and remnants of walls, we can feel the nostalgia. Concrete silos remind time not so long ago. Today, all overgrown with bushes. What man left, takes nature. Nothing remains constant. As a former farm yard, which currently lacks a feature? The lives of the former inhabitants of Justice are long odžity a nostalgic return to the past times do not provide a basis. Presence is rapidly becoming a thing of the past and nothing remains constant. Ruins ANNAHOF slowly disintegrate, disappear one historic layer. The new layer but has already begun to create. Future is quickly becoming the present and nothing remains constant. Constant change is a fundamental characteristic ANNAHOF, as well as any other place in the world. It gives us the challenge to innovation, as opposed to nostalgia. Adaptation to changing environmental conditions is a prerequisite for survival. In the past, human survival depended entirely on natural conditions - people turned to God to ask for a good harvest. Today, we can predict the weather and the soil fertility is largely influenced. Our survival still depends on the same natural conditions. Instead we wayside chapels and build weather stations and invest in research. In ANNAHOF it decided to propose a station for research into climate change with a visitor's center, which could be felt through microclimates global warming "on your own". The whole house is basically built around four outdoor microclimates., In which it can be accessed. The shape of the building and its position in the field is therefore directly result in the formation of microclimates. The structural system is a wall, even using concrete material. I chose it for its possibilities of shaping and visual quality. Quantity retaining walls, landscaping required for the creation of microclimates is used as efficiently as possible at the same time as the walls of the building. Of the existing structures is to use one concrete silo, and a support pole for measuring towers. Lattice structure of the mast is secured with ropes anchored to the concrete silo. On measuring tower are located automatic measuring devices. The main area of my proposal is a gallery exhibition space. There should be a visitor center acquainted with the problems of climate change and from this space ramps can reach all four outdoor microclimates. The gallery is lit by a skylight above the one hand and also tracked through the window, which runs almost around the perimeter, and that desert light through the supporting structure of steel truss grid in the interior. Operationally in the building blends function research / workplace for scientists and their background and / public / gallery microclimates and facilities for visitors. Both functions can then serve multipurpose hall. The proposal also includes necessary facilities for maintenance of outdoor spaces and buildings, as well as an apartment manager. Překladač Google pro firmy:Translator ToolkitPřekladač webových stránekNástroj pro hledán
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