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Effectiveness of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression
Dagisová, Ruta ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
5 ABSTRACT The objective of this analysis was to determine the efficacy and acceptability of venlafaxine in comparison with that of placebo and other antidepressants in the treatment of major depression by pooling short-term clinical trials with in-patients and out-patients. Randomised controlled trials were identified by searching of databases Pub-Med Medline and Embase. In metaanalysis were combined 15 trials, three of them were controlled by placebo and 12 by reference drugs. Clinical trials had to use either HAM-D, MADRS or the CGI-I scales as their primary outcome measure and reported response rates, defined as 50% or greater decrease in depression severity (according to the HAM-D and MADRS) or score 1 (very improved) or 2 (improved) (according to the CGI-I scale) from baseline to endpoint. Acceptability to patients was assessed by comparison of total drop-outs in two arms of the trials. For each efficacy variable (e.g. rating scales HAM-D, MADRS and CGI) and for subgroups of placebo and reference drugs were conducted partial analysis. The statistical analysis of data-sets was performed with statistical program MIX, version 1.54. To estimate size-effect was calculated parameter relative risk (RR) and to determine its reliability was 95% confidence interval was estimated. To compare response rates among...
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Athletics in fitness training in tenis
Bublík, Marek ; Korbel, Vladimír (referee) ; Jebavý, Radim (advisor)
3 ABSTRACT Term: Athletics use in fitness training in tennis Thesis object: To describe effective use of general athletics training as appropriate means for physical fitness increase of tennis players. To make and have enough exercises in stock . These can be used by coaches in order to put together workout schedules for their players. Methods: Motoric competence test with annual intervals. Athletics was employed in fitness training of tested players. Furthermore, a survey among tennis coaches was used. Exercises were selected on the basis of professional publications, consultations with coaches and experience. Conclusion: After two-year pointed athletic training, motoric competence test outcome pointed out increase in individual tests of trial battery. Coaches realize that it is suitable to make use of athletics for physical training of their players. For this, practise units are also being adapted. Key words: Athletics, tennis, fitness training, player, physical set-up, motoric competences
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Psychological intervention for mothers of premature newborns
Matoušová, Milada ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The disertation thesis focuses on the problem of premature delivery and the effect of a premature newborn on his parents' mental state and feelings. In particular, mothers of premature infants usually experience premature delivery in a very negative way. It is a difficult life situation, which increases demands on both parents, respectively on the whole family. The level of immaturity and medical condition of the premature child significantly affect and violate the natural contact and the early parent-child interaction, which in turn affects the development of their relationship. The consequences of the premature birth for parents and children may last very long, because the immaturity at birth carries a risk of health problems for the whole life. Medical care of premature newborns in the Czech Republic is at the high level and statistical indicators of this specialized care are at the top. In order to archive the best results, excelent medical care for premature infants must be completed by specialised psychological support and assistance given to the parents and whole families. Key words: risk pregnancy, premature delivery, prenatal development, limit of viability, premature newborn, early interaction, breastfeeding, child care
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Evaluation of anthropometric parameters at polytraumatic patiens.
Broulíková, Zuzana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
1 Abstract The evaluation of anthropometric paramters is one of an assessment of nutritional status of hospitalized patients. The correct designation of this condition is necessary to determine the patient's prognosis and further treatment to prevent or capture the first signs of developing malnutrition. This negatively affects the patient's condition and cause the development of other complications and prolonged treatment. In this study, anthropometric data collection were examined in polytraumatic patients. Examinations were conducted over a period of 8 months on Unit of the intensive care. The examination shall be subjected to a total of 20 patients with polytrauma different aged 15-64 years, 15 men and 5 women. The results were listed and evaluated examinations at 12 patients, the remaining patients could not be observed in the results of the work for missing data. Patients were examined twice during hospitalization, the basic length of the interval between inspections was 2 weeks. The results were statistically processed and evaluated the changes in some anthropometric parameters between the two measurement periods. Attention has been focused on prognostic indicators of nutritional status - the value of weight, BMI, left arm circumference, thickness of triceps skinfolds, FM (fat mass), FFM (fat- free...
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New pharmacological interventions influencing food intake regulation
Špolcová, Andrea ; Čabala, Radomír (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
NEW PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS INFLUENCING FOOD INTAKE REGULATION Author: Bc. Andrea Špolcová ABSTRACT Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) identified as an endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor GPR10 was originally found to stimulate the secretion of prolactin (PRL) both in vitro and in vivo. PrRP-mediated PRL secretion was later questioned and is not currently considered to be the primary function of PrRP. The fact that both PrRP and GPR10 knock-out mice are hyperphagic and develop late-onset obesity proves the unique anorexigenic properties of PrRP. Designing and evaluation of PrRP analog(s) with selective anorexigenic properties and searching for PrRP antagonists would contribute to finding the mechanism and possible treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In our recent published study (Maixnerová et al., Peptides (2011)), the PrRP receptor was immunodetected and characterized by saturation binding in three rodent tumor pituitary cell lines. Two naturally occurring analogs, PrRP31 and PrRP20, showed comparable potency in binding, cell signaling and prolactin release in pituitary RC-4B/C cells, as well as caused food intake decrease after intracerebroventricular administration in fasted mice. In the present study, analogs of PrRP20 with C-terminal Phe amide derivatives with modified aromatic...
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EFFICIENCY OF ENTEROCOCAL AND THERMOTOLERANT COLIFORMING BACTERIA REMOVAL IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND USED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FIŠEROVÁ, Alena
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have their origin in natural wetlands and they are used for a wastewater treatment as an alternative of the classical technology. In the Czech Republic are used only CW with subsurface horizontal flow with emergent macrophytes for the wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the enterococal and thermotolerant coliforming bacteria removal was followed in the CW in Slavošovice. In the regular intervals (2-6 weeks) from May 2006 to March 2007, wastewater was sampled at the inflow, after the mechanical pretreatment and at the outflow. The number of the enterococal and thermotolerant coliforming bacteria was calculated in the samples and the efficiency of the bacterial removal was evaluated during winter and summer seasons.
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Šejda, Tomáš ; Poledne, Rudolf (advisor) ; Filipovský, Jan (referee) ; Češka, Richard (referee)
Based on the results of our study, we concluded that the degree of brachial artery flow endothelium-dependent dilatation is difficult to evaluate using predefined cut-off points as a single-measurement screening test to indicate endothelial dysfunction. On the contrary, the variation of endothelial function after a defined stimulus (dietary, medication) examined at a predefined interval using an identical protocol can help to assess enhanced or reduced efficacy of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. In the next study, we demonstrated that a high-fat load applied at a single dose does not significantly affect brachial artery vasoreactivity in young, healthy volunteers after four weeks of low- and high-fat diets. In contrast with atherosclerosis, the effect of hypercholestrolemia on adhesive molecule levels has been a source of controversy. We demonstrated that 3-month therapy with fluvastatin does not decrease cICAM-1 levels despite normalization of cholesterol levels. The implication is cholesterol may not induce endothelial activation by the initial upregulation of this adhesive molecule. Endothelial dysfunction can be considered the initial, functionally relevant stage of atherosclerosis, demonstrable still before morphological changes. In patients with advanced obliterative atherosclerosis,...
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Evaluation of pulmonary and postural functions in patients with chest wall deformity (Pectus carinatum)
Zbuzek, Daniel ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
Objective: The paper deals with the evaluation of the status of pulmonary and postural functions of the patients with pectus carinatum. Further, it deals with the development of pulmonary and postural functions after Welch surgery. Methods: Between the years 2010 and 2011 20 patients (19 men, 1 woman) went through Welch surgery at the Pediatric Clinic of the Faculty Hospital, Prague Motol. The average age of the group was 16,2 ± 1,2 years. Before surgery, pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle strength and posturography were evaluated. The received values were compared with the predicted, i.e. the controlled group, and in order to find mutual dependencies, also among themselves. 7 patients were repeatedly checked for pulmonary functions and posturography in the interval of 8,1 ± 3,0 months after their surgery. Pre and post - surgery values were compared. Results: Dynamic and static hyperinflation and also an increased patency of periphery respiratory tracts was found in 20 pre-surgery patients with PC. Testing of respiratory muscle strength showed significantly lower values than the predicted. Checking for posturography revealed the differences in postural system resulting, especially with complicated postural demands, in medio-lateral instability of the body. Worsening of the balance functions...
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Indications and Contraindications of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Context of Establishing Death by a Paramedic
URBANOVÁ, Alena
Recently, the Czech Republic has seen more and more developing trends of increasing the number of paramedic assistance units, particularly in towns with a short time interval of getting to hospital, but often in peripheral areas as well. A problem occurs when the emergency condition of a patient must be treated right at the place and the paramedic assistance crew does not have the same authority as the medical emergency crew. Paramedic assistance units in the Region of South Bohemia can be named as an example. The paramedic does not have to start with cardiopulmonary resuscitation if certain signs of death are present and the injuries are incompatible with life. On the other hand, a doctor can pronounce death and not start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This thesis titled ?Indications and Contraindications of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Context of Establishing Death by a Paramedic? aims to chart the procedures of paramedics in connection with starting or not starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation directly at the place when death is suspected. The qualitative research concentrates on paramedics of the South Bohemian Medical Emergency Service. The theoretical part introduces medical emergency services, a paramedic, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, death and the ethical issue of death as well as dying, with a large focus on medical law. The thesis established that some paramedics act in a completely opposite way than their competences allow them to do. Furthermore, a complete lack of knowledge regarding the medical law and legislation specifying the competences of paramedics occurred. Therefore I had to establish a hypothesis that paramedics do not always follow their competences in connection with starting or not starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation directly at the place. The thesis indicates that paramedics should be more educated in the area of medical law and well trained in respect of 2011 medical acts. At the same time I believe that paramedics should not only follow their intuition in emergency situations when a doctor is not present.
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Congruence of the Personal and Organizational Values
Krejčí, Jiří ; Havrdová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Marková, Monika (referee)
TITLE Congruence of the Personal and Organizational Values AUTHOR Jiří Krejčí ABSTRACT The aim of the research was with the assistance of research methods and different phases of action research to support reflection of values of individuals and the values of the selected organization and use it as an intervention in the process of improving the quality of care. The theoretical part describes the historical development of different perspectives on the organization and its management, the topic of organizational culture, its structure and composition and subsequent focus on organizational values. Empirical part is focused on increasing congruence of individual and organizational values in the organization through several stages of action research, which in this part of the paper, from the moment of diagnosis through planning surveys input status, plan and implement actions to its final evaluation. In conclusion, we describe the knowledge arising from our study that could be an inspiration for other organizations.
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