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Palliative care is provided by patient's family at home
KUČEROVÁ, Tereza
The thesis, titled Palliative Care Provided by Patient's Family in Home Environment, discusses the specific care needs of a terminally ill patient in his/her own home. Caring for an ill person in a home environment is beginning to be a growing trend in home care, but also it is an increasingly common wish of the patients themselves. The family is therefore required to have enough theory and practical knowledge in order to deliver a highly demanding personal care for their close family members. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the current situation of delivering palliative care in home environment in Czech Republic whilst concentrating on the specific needs of the patient and the needs of their family. The objectives of the research were to determine whether family members were introduces to the specifics of palliative care of terminally ill patients; to map their skills in delivering palliative care in home environment and to reveal the most common issues that family members come across in that home environment. The final objective was to map out services in regions of Central Bohemia and Liberec that are accessible to family members whilst caring for a terminally ill patient. The research part of the thesis was completed employing a method of qualitative investigation using semi-structured interviews with patient's family members and nurses providing hospice care in home environment. It emerged from the analytical interviews that the family's knowledge level regarding support for palliative care in home environment is very limited and in hospitals families are only given minimal or no support or information. As a final document for the thesis an informative educational brochure was created based on the results of aforementioned research, primarily targeting patient's family; its core objective is to improve information and collate the specifics of care that would allow the patient a dignified end to their life.
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Coping strategies in children´s fear and pain in relation to nursing care
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Zuzana
For the nurse, taking care of hospitalized children is important not only pediatric nursing knowledge, personal and social preconditions, but also the theoretical and practical competency of methods and techniques, which are used for identification and effective influencing of pain and fear. The aim of this thesis was to identify the main sources of fear of the hospitalized preschool and young school age children and to find out the effective methods and principles of the cooperation with children, alternatively with their accompanying parents in order to moderate the fear of the small patient. Then the thesis tried to chart the nursing diagnostic and evaluation procedure of the pain and get the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief. To obtain the necessary data, the qualitative research was used with a semi-structured interview as a research instrument. The first research group consisted of 12 nurses, the second group consisted of 12 children ´s patients of preschool and young school age. The majority of the asked nurses thinks, that children´s patients are afraid especially of non-familiar environment, then of the awaited pain and of the solitude without parents. However, the most patients said, that they were afraid especially of pain, then of non-familiar environment, restriction of their needs, hostile attitude of the medical staff and of the other neighbouring patients. They were also frightened of the death and of the darkness. Most reported nurses mean, that the most effective solution of the children ´s fear is the friendly attitude of the medics. They also mentioned the fact of taking the focus off the fear and the presence of the parents is also beneficial. The nurses ´ answers were in conformity with patients opinion in two fields - friendly attitude of the medics and taking the focus off the fear. Then the children mentioned abiding of their specifics in connection to falling asleep and the demand of beying treated by the same sister or by few same sisters. All respondents also talked about the benefit of parents presence. Regarding the principles of the cooperation, nurses answered the importance of united medical procedures, especially the proper way of information transfer. Then the respondents nurses mentioned the psychical and emotional support for children and their accompaniments, the atmosphere of confidence and the value of well done education. Also the need of calm, silence and privacy was stated. Unlike nurses, children and their parents regarding to principles of the cooperation prefer the psychical and emotional support, then the importance of enough information was mentioned. The fourth research question bears on the methods used for children pain monitoring. The nurses said, that the intentional interview with the patients or with the parents was used as a main technique, that was stated by patients as well. Research question number five said: What are the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief at children? Most responded nurses mentioned the distraction of children attention from the painful incentive, then the importance of physical methods, relief position and purposeful preparation for the unpleasant intervention. Nurses also named the helpful contribution of the parents, relaxing exercises and the method of imagination. Regarding the pain treatment, it was noted, that all patients prefered the analgesic therapy. Then they quoted the distraction of their attention from the painful incentive, the friendly attitude of the medics, using the ice compress and the relief position. In the pain acute phase, children required mostly calm, comfort and privacy. All children also considered the presence of parents as very helpful. The theoretical and empirical part of the thesis are suitable for being studied by nurses taking care of children and it can be helpful for nursing quality improvement at children ´s wards in hospitals.
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Didactic problem with children from the secular family conditions in religion subject at Primary school
PETRÁŠKOVÁ, Jiřina
In the first chapter there is a description of the family educational and socializational environment, the most important and the most principal factor in forming of the preconditions for good progress of a child. The child experiences the feeling of pleasure, safeness and love here, also the rituals, it obtains the trust and creates itself. The second chapter is all about school with the subjects. The child meets, as a pupil, the religion in the interdisciplinar relations there. The third chapter engages in optional Religious Studies in religion education and it inspects the contents of education with the position of both believing people as well as secular subject of education. The last chapter brings the survey with the perspective to the pupils and their motivations, which take the children from the secular families to Religious Studies.
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Purpose of the educational trail in a park in Ostrov, "Horažďovice": evaluation, proposals
Lávička, Miroslav ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with educational trails (ET) of various thematic focuses, their purpose and ways of information presentation to visitors through various information panels.
The aim of the thesis was to document an area for a new educational trail in a park in Ostrov in the town Horažďovice. To achieve the goal a sociological research in the town public, employees of educational institutions and municipality was made. Making analyse and evaluation of the place for the educational trail, its madialisation and making an exemplary educational panel was very important.
The thesis suggests several hypothesis: whether town citizens visit educational trails, whether the trail needs an advertisement and if the increased interest has a negative influence in environment of the Ostrov park, whether people accept the educational trail in Ostrov park and if it is convenient for all population groups.
Through the questionaire it was found out that 71% of public visit the trails, 76% of teachers use it as a part of educational process. The public (69%) and the teachers (75%) agree with creating an educational trail in the Ostrov park. Only 11% of public and 19% of teachers know all the ET in the Horažďovice region. The public (78%) and the teachers (89) asked for more information and medialisation of ET. While making a new proposal of the trail and information panel the results of the survey were taken in the account.
Considering the regular upkeeping, facilities, and wheelchair roads, the park was found suitable for people of all ages (families with children, groups of teenagers, seniors, etc.) and disabled people.
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Issue of the Farm Markets in the Czech republic
Prošková, Jiřina ; Toth, Štefan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with problems of farmers´ markets. The Consumers
still prioritize lower prices over the food quality. The Czech Republic is trying to promote organic food and propagate it.This approach is not increasing only sales success, but also the renewal of a healthy lifestyle. There is direct correlation between promotion of
regional foods and selling of these products.Marketing role is in the hands of the dealers, who are forced to attract attention and sell their products.
The Marketing role is based on current legislation, standards and regulations, including notonly business processes, but also the environment. To farmers´ markets relate the same laws like any other food sellers. Another form of sales are expanding farm shops.
The main goal of this diploma thesis is the identification of determinants of consumer behavior during buying of organic products from farmers and historical development of farmers´markets.Using literature search to handle the issue of farmers' markets from their historical origins to the expected course of development in the upcoming years. Using surveys to determine their attendancein the Ústí region and create a proposal for further measures leading to the development of farmers´markets. Subsequent analysis of the provided informations by vendors offering organic products and the target group of buyers.
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Effect of climatic and environmental variables on changes in numbers and migratory behaviour of wintering and migrating waterbirds.
Adam, Matyáš ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Bejček, Vladimír (referee)
Waterbirds with their specific habitat and food requirements varying during their annual cycle (Riffell et al. 2003; Taft and Haig 2006) are able to indicate the wetland diversity and quality due to their rapid responses on changes in environment (Delany 1999; Fernández et al. 2005; Amat and Green 2010). Remarkable land cover changes and climate warming led to significant shifts in distribution and abundance of many waterbird species across Europe in recent decades (Delany et al. 2006; Fox et al. 2010; Lehikoinen et al. 2013; Pavón-Jordán et al. 2015). To understand the dynamic of migratory birds in space and time and to assess effects of global conditions as well as local conditions of individual sites during their annual cycle there is need of international monitoring and research. Since the start of International Waterbird Census in 1967 both increasing and decreasing trends have been recorded in nearly fifty percent of waterbird species in Western Palearctic (Delany et al. 2006, Wetlands International 2016) and they consequently have affected trends in particular countries, including the Czech Republic. Wetland sites in the Czech Republic are generally situated on the edge of wintering range of most waterbird species (Gilissen et al. 2002), however the prevailing increase in abundance of waterbird species has been recorded here in recent decades (Musil et al. 2011). Though, the considerable growth of winter temperatures has not been noticed in the Czech Republic (Klein Tank et al. 2002; Musilová et al. 2009; Dušek et al. 2013), and the accessibility of the wetland sites, due to their freezing, varies year to year. Hence, we can assume that waterbirds have likely began using the alternative habitats with available food resources, i.e. cold-weather refuges, probably regardless of their conservation status (Musilová et al. 2015). Special protection areas were implemented to Czech legislation in 2004 to protect migratory birds (Birds Directive 2009/147/EC). So far there has not been tested the effectivity and impact of legislative protection on wintering waterbird species. Moreover, some previous studies indicated that SPA network do not match the species distribution pattern (López-López et al. 2007; Briggs et al. 2012; Albuquerque et al. 2013), so this issue urgently calls for scientific research.
The second part of the thesis focused on Greylag Geese, whose abundance has rapidly grown across the Europe in recent decades (Madsen et al. 1999; Fox et al. 2010), and that have become ideal model species to observe their responses to habitats and climate changes as well as their reactions to human disturbance (Fox and Madsen 1997; Ramo et al. 2015). This requires appropriate knowledge of geese distribution, abundance and their behaviour. Since 1930s, when the geese started to be ringed in the Czech Republic, the ringing intensity have markedly varied and have been reflected in numbers of recoveries. In last ten years the intensity have increased (Podhrazský 2010). However, complex of the historical data until 2002 (Cepák et al. 2008) and recent data have not been analysed so far. In the light of recent shifts in wintering ranges and migration phenology of many goose populations these analyses require increased attention. Furthermore, the satellite monitoring of geese is coming to detect more detailed information about behaviour of individuals.
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Behavioural selection criteria for Czech police puppies to assess their chances of certification.
Hradecká, Lenka ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The project based on behavioural tests of 7 week old German Shepherd puppies performed in police kennel in Prackovice nad Labem and Domažlice. The project focused on verification of the usability and improvement of the selection of puppies using behavioural test. We tested the possibility of environmental effect (presence of shooting range near the kennel Domažlice) on the later success of puppies in the behavioural test. The aim of the project was collecting additional data which were use to improve and verify procedure for early selection of puppies. We checked the possibility of habituation breeding females and their puppies to noise, including monitoring of the different environments in the kennels in. It was found that different results are affected by of their mothers. This means that puppies raised by mothers from the police kennel near shooting range are better evaluated later in the disciplines of evaluating response to noise compared with pups from mothers of police kennel without shooting range. Worse response to noise had pups from litters with a higher number of pups.
Reviews summarizing the literature on heritability of behavioural traits in dogs have been published repeatedly over the last four decades. The conclusions of these reviews vary to some extent. We applied meta-analysis and re-evaluated the literature available collecting 47 references dealing with heritability of behavioural traits in domestic dogs. For each study included, data was extracted for individual behavioural traits. Each of these traits was entered into the analysis as a separate unit of measure, giving a total of 1761 measures. We classified the traits measured in each study into five functional categories (Environment, Herding, Hunting, Play, and Psychical characteristic). The metaanalysis has shown low general heritability of the categorised behavioural traits analysed. Thus, the commonly used behaviour tests for many breeds, to determine the dog's eligibility for reproducing, traditionally required by many associations, is not supported by the present results of the meta-analysis.
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Socially Excluded Localities and Their Revitalization. Case Study: Ústecký Region.
Zoubková, Věra Thea ; Maier, Karel (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The dissertation deals with the incidence and revitalization of socially excluded localities in a defined study area. The aim of this contribution is to identify and visualize the situation of the Ústecký Region in order to find common patterns of urban deprivation occurrence and to establish the guiding principles of revitalization policies in the Czech Republic. The research took place from September 2010 to June 2015. It combined qualitative and quantitative methods, in-situ and desk research. An analysis of primary and secondary data revealed 130 excluded localities in 42 towns and cities out of 354 in the region. The majority of deprived localities (87 %) can be found in highly urbanized areas. Two thirds of localities are small areas with up to 100 inhabitants. Socially excluded areas emerge in the centre, residential districts as well as on the outskirts of towns; however, three fifths of localities are not spatially segregated. Prefabricated housing estates are the largest and most populated deprived areas. Every other inhabitant of socially excluded localities in the Region lives in a prefabricated house. Brick houses are the most proliferated type of housing facility used as accommodation for socially excluded people. They can be found in every other deprived area. Vast majority of them was built before 1989. Family houses are deprived very scarcely; however, they belong to the most dilapidated part of socially excluded housing estate. Two thirds of localities have developed naturally, while the other third has been created by a regulated relocation of socially excluded people. Vast majority of deprived areas have existed for more than 5 years. Private property prevails. Half of the localities have entered the process of revitalization to improve the urban environment, human resources and security. Applied policies aim to keep the inhabitants in place and improve the quality of public space and service. However, involvement of residents in local regeneration policymaking is weak and ineffective. The renewal process depends on grants and subsidies. Europeanization is strong especially in big cities; nevertheless, most localities are small and therefore don't qualify for the sources of the built environment programs which prefer large areas of intervention. Results of revitalization process differ from one locality to another. Areas of housing and employment fall behind in particular. As far as property regeneration is concerned, the best owners are municipalities, house unit owners associations and housing associations. Not in one case, however, reaches the share of regenerated housing units 50 % of deprived properties. In any case, the market prices of local flats stay low compared with those of correspondingly equipped properties elsewhere in town.
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Influence of Quality on Comipetitivity of Milk and Milk products
Hrubá, Renata ; Kovářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Čechura, Lukáš (referee)
Globalization requires a new understanding of the effect of attitudes in the decision making process, particularly when regional differences arise from different cultural and social norms. Information behavior is the part of behavioral economics that explores decision making stakeholders - consumers, businessmen or politicians, under conditions of bounded rationality. For consumers it is primarily important to buy local products from family farms. The aim of the thesis was to verify the effectiveness of that model in the Czech Republic, especially to fill in the empirical aspect of behavioral economics, relating to consumer behavior under unclear information as well as normal environments, thus understanding the indirect effect of perception on product information. Today these issues are gaining in importance in developed countries as well as in the Czech Republic. The high probability of "never researching product information" resides more within consumers with negative attitudes toward global issues (30%) than in consumers with positive attitudes towards those issues (about 1%). Attitudinal changes affect decreases among those "never searching for product information" (by 30%) as well as increasing "search-rates" (by 60%). In other words, the changes in attitude have significant effects on consumer behavior (Spillover effect). Predicting decision making behavior under unclear information also shows important results. Changes of attitude toward nutrient security, milk of origin or ingredients is associated with relative changes in behavior. A change of attitude will reduce the probability to sometimes buy products with unclear (15%) and increases the probability of buying products with clear information (17%). Empirical research of behaviors under uncertainty are long-term projects, however methodologies may vary differentially. By connecting the theory of planned behavior to the theory of information, these theses fill in the issues of behavioral economics theory. The practical implication is a methodological approach of the model.
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Dog in the family garden
Kolaříková, Kristýna ; Buttry, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this work is the identification and mapping of important points in designing gardens for dogs, especially for large breeds. Work includes the most likely and the most common canine habits that can irreversibly damage the garden as well as a way to prevent it.
Work also includes how to properly establish a garden that the dog your space eg.: to play on branding, rest and raking. Especially dogs who are bred to dig and bolting prohibit that activity can not. However, we can establish a garden so that her dog while raking destroy and to set it to a special place. Of course the tiny breeds such as the "Čivava" or "Krysařík", can never cause harm, how easily inflict "Labrador" and "Německý ovčák".
The workflow will consist of a research environment in which they would be placed garden. Otherwise, the proposed garden will look on a small or large plot in the city and in the country.
It is also important to know the type of breed that will stay in the garden. Hunting breeds of dogs in the garden can do more damage.
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