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Impact of European Central Bank and Federal Reserve System statements on cryptocurrency markets via sentiment analysis
Krejcar, Vilém ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (advisor) ; Čech, František (referee)
This study explores the impact of public statements from major central banks, specifically the FED and the ECB, on Bitcoin volatility from 2018 to 2021. Utilizing high-frequency data, we computed Bitcoin's volatility and extracted sentiment scores from the central banks' communications using two methods: the FinBERT language model and the state-of-the-art Generative AI GPT-4 model with tailored prompt. The GPT-4 model, capturing more nuanced senti- ment from text, was deemed superior. Our analysis involved comparing various models, with the HAR model emerging as the most e ective for this study. The research findings are particularly significant: negative sentiment from the ECB during the pandemic was associated with immediate and significant increases in Bitcoin volatility, indicating a market reaction of caution when faced with negative emission. These findings highlight the significant impact of central bank sentiment on Bitcoin volatility, confirming the initial hypothesis of this research. Additionally, the results provide a motivation to incorporate Genera- tive Artificial Intelligence into academic research as a tool for uncovering novel insights. JEL Classification C32, C55, C58, E58, G15 Keywords central banks, sentiment analysis, volatility, Bit- coin, GenAI, HAR, FED, ECB Title Impact of European...
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Algae and cyanobacteria in the context of sustainable development
Shevchuk, Anastasiya ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Šturma, Jan (referee)
The subject of the thesis is the potential of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria and its research at the ALGATECH Center, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the potential uses of algae and cyanobacteria, including situating the potential within the context of sustainable development. Furthermore, concepts such as science and research, normal and post-normal science, basic and applied research are defined. To understand the issues, key factors influencing science in the Czech environment are also illuminated. The aim of this qualitative research is to gain insight into the research and cultivation of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. To thoroughly understand the complexity of the issue, the thesis poses additional research questions concerning factors influencing the cultivation and research of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. These questions are answered through data collection via semi-structured interviews and documents. The collected data are sorted and analyzed using framework analysis. Keywords: microscopic algae, cyanobacteria, science, research, basic research, applied research, sustainable development, fluid science.
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The possibilities of a joint matrimonial testament in the Czech, Austrian and German legal systems
Jakoubek, Lukáš ; Zvára, Michael (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
The possibilities of a joint matrimonial testament in the Czech, Austrian and German legal systems Abstract The institute of a joint testament of spouses is not included in the Czech legal system, although the closest legal regulation that is the inspiration for our codification, i.e. the German regulation (BGB) and the Austrian regulation (ABGB), include this institute. The thesis relies mainly on commentary and specialist literature in the German language, due to the frequency of use of the institution of joint matrimonial testament in the Federal Republic of Germany, the sources related to the regulation under this legal system prevail. The author aims to answer the question of whether the Czech legislation should be inspired by foreign legislation and allow for joint matrimonial wills following the example of Austrian or German legislation. This institution's use depends on the quality and clarity of the legal regulation, which, as the sources show, is significantly higher in the German legal regulation. The adoption of the Austrian legal regulations, which are neither sufficiently comprehensive nor understandable to the general public, would probably bring an institution that is not used in practice into the Czech legal system. On the other hand, the adoption of a complex regulation based on the model...
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Recognition of isolated words
Ondruška, Jiří ; Švrček, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Human speech recognition in biometric systems is an actual problem, which science intensively deals with. One of most used methods is the method of hidden Markovov’s models. Attention in isolated words recognition is focused on characteristic speech signal parameters obtaining, enabling most clear identification due to hiddem Markov model application. This work concentrates on biometric systems, its methods, and then is focused on isolated words recognition problems. The hidden Markov model recognition system with usage of some Matlab functions is designed. Concept focuses on characteristic speech signal parameters obtaining, code book making through vector quantization, words model training and finally probability of concrete model and obtained word similarity evaluation. Ratio for one speaker's spoken words recognition reaches 40%.
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ZOO BUILDINGS – HERALDIC ZOO
Valchová, Jana ; Pospíšil, Zdeněk (referee) ; Boháč, Ivo (advisor)
The main idea of project is to design heraldic zoo in the area of old castle park Horní Hrad, which is located few kilometers next to the Karlovy Vary. Heraldry is science of knowledge of family symbols. Concretely it will be zoo, which will be focused on animals, which can be found on the old czech signs. The idea comes from surrounding relations of dramatic terrain and it's affected by context of the historic monument. Castle is the huge dominant of the all views to the surrounding countryside.
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Science and Technology in Media
Gellnerová, Zuzana ; Haupt, Jaromír (referee) ; Smutný, Milan (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá vlivem médií, především nových médií, na oblast vědy a techniky. Definuje základní mediální pojmy a upozorňuje na to, že média mohou být výborným prostředkem k propagaci vědy a techniky, ale mají také obrovskou moc a mohou zkreslovat realitu a manipulovat s lidmi. V práci je také rozebráno několik konkrétních příkladů. V závěru práce je nastíněn možný pohled do budoucna propojení vědy, techniky a médií.
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Methods of deep learning in image processing tasks
Polášková, Lenka ; Marcoň, Petr (referee) ; Mikulka, Jan (advisor)
The clue of learning to recognize objects using neural network lies in imitation of animal neural network's behavior. In spite the details of how brain works is not known yet, the teams consisting of scientists from various medical or technical professions are trying to search for them. Thanks to giants like Geoffrey Hinton science made a big progress in this domain. The convolutional networks which are based on animal model of optical system can be advantageously used for image segmentation and therefore they ware chosen for segmentation of tumor and edema from images of magnetic resonance. The models of artificial neural networks used in this work had achieved the 41\% of success in edema segmentation and 79\% in segmentation of tumor from brain issue.
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Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Route
Moravčík, Igor ; Lapin, Juraj (referee) ; Skotnicová, Kateřina (referee) ; Dlouhý, Ivo (advisor)
Ve všeobecnosti, poznatky o design slitin, jejich výrobě a výběru legujúcich prvků sú omezené na slitiny s jedním základním prvkem. Tento fakt ale výrazně limituje možnosti a volnost výběru prvků pro dosáhnuti speciálních vlastností a mikrostruktur. V poslední dekádě se ukázalo, že materiálová věda a inženýrství nejsou ještě zdaleka prozkoumané v důsledku objevu nové třídy materiálů nazvané vysoko entropické slitiny (HEA high entropy alloys). Jejich objev upoutal pozornost vědecké komunity. Základní koncept pro jejich design je, že namísto jednoho, nebo dvou základních prvků obsahují minimálně 5 prvků v podobných atomových koncentracích. V posledních letech se objevila skupina materiálů odvozená od HEA, nazvaná slitiny so střednou entropii (MEA medium entropy alloys). Na rozdíl od HEA ale obsahují 3, nebo 4 prvky. Táto práce je věnovaná studiu přípravy a charakterizaci HEA, MEA a jejich kompozitů s pomocí metod práškové metalurgie. V této práci byli dohromady zkoumány tři kompozice: AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5, Co1.5Ni1.5CrFeTi0.5 a CoCrNi, kompozity s kovovou matricí (MMC metal matrix composites) vyztužené částicemi B4C s CoCrNi jako matricí. Hloubková mikrostrukturní a mechanická analýza těchto materiálů byla provedena pomoví metod rastrovací a transmisní elektronové mikroskopie spojené s tahovými a ohybovými zkouškami. V průběhu celé studie se objevovaly problémy s kontaminací kyslíkem, co se projevilo vznikem značného množství oxidů v připravených materiálech. U Slitiny AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 byla naměřena tvrdost přesahující 800 HV. Její houževnatost ale byla velice omezena. V její mikrostruktuře byly identifikovány částice in-situ TiC v důsledku přítomnosti organického, anti-aglomeračního činidla (metanolu) v mlecí misce. Tato reakce může být použita v budoucnu k přípravě MMC se záměrnou disperzí TiC. Na druhé straně, slitina CoCrNi ukázala vysoké hodnoty tažnosti (26%) a meze pevnosti přes 1000 MPa. Mikrostruktura obsahovala majoritní FCC fázi s BCC precipitáty. Tahle slitina byla z důvodu vysoké tažnosti zvolena pro přípravu kompozitu s výztuží B4C. V průběhu slinování ale došlo k reakci mezi přítomným Cr a B4C, které výsledkem byl Cr5B3 borid. Tento kompozit mel pevnost v tahu 1400 MP a extrémne jemnozrnnou strukturu. Celková tažnost ale klesla na 1.9 %. Slitina AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5, která mela strukturu složenou jen z FCC tuhého roztoku dosáhla nejlepší kombinaci mechanických vlastností s pevností přesahující 1300 MPa a dostatečnou tažností 4%. Prášková metalurgie se ukázala jako vhodná metoda pro přípravu HEA a MEA slitin a jejich kompozitů, s dobrou kombinací pevnosti a tažnosti. Tato metoda dovoluje měnit mikrostrukturní parametry připravených materiálů jednoduchou úpravou parametrů procesu.
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