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Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
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Atomistické simulace uspořádávání v niklových slitinách pod vlivem mechanického napětí
Buršík, Jiří
Systems containing up to six alloing elements typical of advanced Ni-based superalloys were modelled.their ordering was simulated at atomic level using a Monte Carlo approach with púeriodic boundary conditions and Kawasaki dynamics.molecular dynamics routines were embedded into standard kinetic Ising model to account for relaxing of local atomic positions.Straining computer experiments show that elastic parameters and bulk modulus undergo comparatively large changes at the beginning of ordering process.
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Vliv tlaku v jednofázové kondenzaci
Wedekind, J. ; Hyvärinen, A-P. ; Brus, David ; Reguera, D.
The pressure-efect of a chemically inert carrier-gas on the nucleation rate is one of the biggest puzzles in the research of gas-liquid nucleation. Different experiments may show a positive effect a negative effect, or no effect at all, at the same experiment can show both trends for the same substance depending on temperature or for different substances at the same temperature. We show how this ambiguous pressure effect naturally arises from the competition of nonisothermal effects and pressure volume work. We are able to apparently contradictory experimental results and quantify the variation of the nucleation ability in the presence of an ambient gas. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm these predictions very well.
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Molecular analysis in cases of inherited diseas
Mrázová, Lenka ; Kmoch, Stanislav (advisor) ; Jirsa, Milan (referee) ; Macek, Milan (referee)
Urcení vztahu mezi onemocnením a jeho molekulární podstatou je jedním z hlavních cílu lékarské genetiky. V rámci studie: "Molekulární analýza vybraných dedicne podmínených onemocnení" byly popsány postupy, které vedou k objasnení molekulární podstaty u onemocnení s již známými odpovednými geny i u onemocnení, u kterého byl odpovedný gen teprve identifikován. Studie prispela k rozšírení znalostí zkoumaných dedicných onemocnení. Zavedené postupy molekulárních analýz jsou soucástí diagnostiky na Ústavu dedicných metabolických poruch v Praze. Výsledky techto analýz slouží k prevenci, prognóze i lécbe onemocnení a u postižených rodin byla umožnena prenatální diagnostika. Výsledky byly publikovány v nekolika domácích i zahranicních odborných casopisech a prezentovány na mezinárodních konferencích. Nekteré z publikací byly dále citovány.
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Molecular factors of artherogenesis in chronic kidney disease with experimental model of chronic inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis and its Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitoin
Lecian, Dalibor ; Matouš, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Tesař, Vladimír (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee)
The experimental part of the thesis covered the markers involved in nitric oxide deficiency model in rats. The analogue of arginine N-nitro- L -arginine-methyl ester ( L -NAME) was used. L -NAME administration resulted in sustained elevation of BP, decreased GFR, and in higher albuminuria compared to control animals. The administration of hypolipidemic drug - atorvastatin to Wistar rats was studied. The statin used caused lower albuminuria and prevented decreases in GFR in L -NAME rats without having an impact on hypertension. CAV1 protein expression was similar in all groups of rats. In contrast, VEGF expression and RhoA activity was increased in L -NAME-treated animals, and normalized with coadministration of atorvastatin. Clinical part of the thesis focused on the analysis of markers of oxidative stress in obese and non-obese patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. The patients with CKD had elevated serum concentrations of AGEs, sRAGE and ADMA with the maximal concentrations of AGEs in the patients on hemodialysis. The successful kidney transplantation decreases the AGEs, sRAGE and ADMA concentrations but not to normal value according to general population. Patients with obesity exhibited lower concentrations of sRAGE in CKD as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease. Concentrations of...
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Tigh-binding model and its application for molecular electronics and transport in mezoscopic systems
Prachař, Jan ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Skála, Lubomír (referee)
Nazev prace: Model tesne vazby a jeho aplikacc na molekularni eloktroniku a trans- port, v mezoskopiekyoh systemech Autur: Jan Prachaf Katedra (ustav): Ustav tooroticko fyziky Vedouci bakalafske pniee: RNUr. Martin Oizek, Pli.D. E-mail vedouciho: Martin.CizekQmff .cuni . cz Abstrakt V predlozene praci aplikujcino model tesne vazby na molekularni elek- troniku. Prodmetem teoretickeho popisu jc molekularni inustok, c.oz jo .sys- tom jet1no cl nckolika. inolckul, ktore pfoklonuji iie]>atriiou ino/oru uio/i dvema kovovyini votliri. Iiifonriacc o vodirirh potfcbna k iirroni ]>ravdcpo- dolmosti pn'ichudu ski'z iniiHtok jc dana solf-cncrgii vodicu. Illavniin oilom praro jo analyticky vypocitat sflf'-onor^io vybranyoli inudcli'i v ranici nio- tlelu teyno vazby. Pro kazdy modol t.ako urriijemo pravdopodt)bnost pru- cliodn ski"/ molekularni uiustck. V praoi rovuoz studujnuu1 uhlikovo nano- t,rul>icky, material pozoruhodnych vlaslnuHti, s potoiicialni moznoHti vy- uzit.i v mulckulariii oloktronire. 1'otlafilo so /iskat, analyticky vyraz pro scll-oncrgii cik-cak iianolrubicck. Klicova slova: nujdol tosno vaz!)y, niolokulanii inustck, soll'-onergio, uhlikovo iiaiiotni- bicky Tit.lo: Ti^ht-bindiiig model and its application for molecular electronics and transport in me.zosc.opic systems Author: .Ian Prachaf Department:...
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The application of AFLP fingerprinting in breeding of Brassica napus
CUŘÍNOVÁ, Petra
AFLP markers are widely used in breeding in some other crops, but their utilization in breeding of Brassica crops is not so frequent. AFLP markers are used for molecular characterization of particular varieties or genotypes and for evaluation of genetic diversity. The aim of this thesis was the application of this method in breeding of rapeseed and in comparative study of genetic variability of different oil seed rape cultivars of Czech, Czechoslovak and German origin. AFLP is based on selective amplification of genomic DNA. Technique consists of three basic steps: 1. restriction of genomic DNA on smaller fragments and ligation of adaptors; 2. selective amplification of fragments with specific primers and 3. electrophoresis of products and computer analysis (Vos et al., 1995). In this thesis 16 Czech (CZ) and Czechoslovak (CZS) and 16 German (G) cultivars of oilseed rape were compared. Two specific primers, EcoRI AGC and fluorescence labeled primer MseI ACC, were chosen for AFLP method. It was possible to distinguish group of CZ/CZS and G cultivars, which have origin in gene resources from Czech Republic and Germany. AFLP technique allows detection of very small differences in Brassica genome. The differences between studied cultivars exist, but they are not very distinct. They show on certain relationship and reduction of genetic basis of genetic resources, which are used in Central Europe.
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