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Significant economic events from perspective of U.S. balance of payments and its specifics
Trampota, Simon ; Šíma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pour, Jiří (referee)
The primary aim of this bachelor thesis is to acquaint the reader with the U.S. balance of payments, to become familiar with its specifics and then with its help to interpret the impact of key events. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. First chapter is focused on the theory of the balance of payments and its individual accounts. Second chapter deals specifically with the U.S. balance of payments. First the attention is paid to the overall development followed by a mention of the relationship between public debt and current account deficit. This chapter also includes the issue of the U.S. dollar in the position of the main reserve currency. Ending of this chapter is connected with the theme of global imbalances and the paradox of the U.S. net international investment position. The chapter three is made up of individual events, included are also their causes and consequences. The most space is devoted to the subprime mortgage crisis and financial crisis. The main purpose of the final chapter is to provide perspective on these events through the U.S. balance of payments.
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Double Tax Treaties
Procházková, Andrea ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Marková, Michaela (referee)
The thesis deals with issue of international double taxation with respect to taxes on income and capital. The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the issue of concluding international double tax treaties and to verify, whether the differences in their provisions can be significant enough to affect activities of internationally active entities. The body of the thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter explains what double taxation is, how it occurs and the possible ways of its elimination. It also deals with related tax evasion. The second chapter is devoted to bilateral and multilateral tax treates. The emphasis is on OECD and UN model conventions and related issues of exchange of information, non-discrimination and dispute resolution. The third chapter focuses on the approach of the Czech republic to enter into tax treaties. Its main part is devoted to a comparison of tax treaties which the Czech republic has concluded with the United States of America, Slovakia and Germany.
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Approach to the nuclaer safety of the 3rd generation nuclear reactors
Pavlíček, Michal ; Kolář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kolář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Matal, Oldřich (advisor)
The main target of the master´s thesis is reviewing the generation III nuclear reactors in term of the nuclear safety. At first we have to learn some theory of the nuclear safety in order to understand safety systems of the generation III nuclear reactors. Therefore the thesis is divided into two parts. Legislative and technical approaches to nuclear safety are mentioned in the first part. Regulatory bodies, whose task is to supervise nuclear safety in the nuclear power plants, belongs to the legislative approaches. There are defined terms such as defence in depth, redundancy, diversity, etc. There are mentioned methods to assessing nuclear safety – deterministic and probabilistic methods, especially probabilistic methods, for which a simple example is provided. There are also mentioned active and passive safety systems and their significance for nuclear safety and inherent safety too. There is an example of the function of the active and passive safety systems of the EDU nuclear power plant in conclusion of this issue. The second part deals with description of the selected nuclear reactors in context of the construction of the new units of nuclear power plant in Temelín. The nuclear reactors from companies, which applied for the public tender opened by ČEZ, a. s., for the construction of the ETE 3+4. Thus, the nuclear reactor MIR-1200 by ATOMSTROYEXPORT (Russian Federation), the nuclear reactor AP1000 by WESTINGHOUSE (USA) and the nuclear reactor EPR by AREVA (France) are taken into account . Comparison of the generation II and these generation III+ nuclear reactors necessarily belongs to this master´s thesis. These the generation III+ nuclear reactors are compared with the nuclear reactor VVER 440 (EDU) and in particular with the nuclear reactor VVER 1000, which is operated in the nuclear power plant Temelín. The final chapter contains generally appraisal of the whole problem.
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The Nuclear Power Plant – The Green Source of Energy
Hynčica, Martin ; Vágner, Jiří (referee) ; Vágner, Jiří (referee) ; Matal, Oldřich (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with nuclear energetics and its impact to the environment. Present state of the energetics, mainly nuclear energetics, in the Czech Republic is discussed here. Also perspective of nuclear energetics is given. The thesis describes nuclear power plant waste handling and also spent nuclear fuel handling. Nuclear power plant is compared with other sources of electric energy, which are counted to the energetic mix. The author focuses on fossil fuels and also on the renewable energy sources. The amount of produced waste to the unit of produced energy, built up area, safety and economic indicators and other parameters are followed for each source of energy.
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Relations between EFTA and EU - historical perspective
Rusňáková, Zuzana ; Cihelková, Eva (advisor) ; Frostová, Věra (referee)
The thesis is dealing with the relations between EFTA and EU from the year 1960 up to present. Its goal is not only to describe them but also identify their key moments and circumstances which led to them and based on that to predict the future development. First chapter is devoted to the history of the relations between EFTA and EU from the year 1960 till mid 1990's. The second chapter focuses on EEA, its essence, tools and objectives. The third chapter then describes the development of the relations between EFTA and EU from mid 1990's up to present.
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French System of Innovation
Horáková, Jana ; Vlčková, Jana (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
This thesis is focused on French innovation system and its outputs. The aim is to analyze innovation performance of France, as well as its innovation policy and to find out the meaning of the innovation system for French economy and its competitiveness. The thesis also includes a case study of a shareholder and presents his perspective. The first chapter explains basic definitions and innovation related terms and reviews innovation associated theories. The second chapter examines the French innovation system evolution and its performance based on statistical data. Moreover, the French innovation business conditions and an innovation policy will be discussed. Following the analysis of the French innovation system, the last chapter evaluates whether the target of reinforcing innovation capacity is met. At the same time, the third section presents a player of the system, Raise company, and its position within this innovation system.
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Financial literacy
Strejc, Pavel ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
Financial literacy Financial illiteracy among the population is a painful problem, probably in every country in the world, including Czech Republic. The first part of this work intends to define financial literacy as a subject of andragogy. The next parts are concerned with various researches regarding financial literacy, mostly from the United States and from the Czech Republic. Then, many projects, that shall improve financial literacy among Czech population, are going to be observed and compared. We will see how the main three sectors (the state, commercial subjects and the NGO's) are cooperating in order to achieve the common goals in spreading the financial literacy. The last part of this work is about dividing the population into various groups on the basis of their financial literacy level.
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Legal and Economic Analysis of the European Monetary Union
Kusko, Dušan ; Novotný, Petr (referee) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
90 důsledkem pro českou centrální banku bude přechod pravomocí v oblasti měnové politiky, emisní a devizové činnosti na Evropskou centrální banku. Občané vstup do eurozóny zaregistrují zejména se zavedením jednotné měny euro a současným stahováním "starých" platidel z oběhu. Časový horizont vstupu ČR do eurozóny není vůbec jistý. Tato nejistota se zvyšuje současnou politickou situací panující v ČR a zejména trvající celosvětovou finanční krizí. Všechny časové odhady se v této době rovnají velkým spekulacím. Resumé I choose the issue of the European Monetary Union with an emphasis on the European Central Bank as the theme of this work. The ECB plays in this group a key role. The euro area is a very important concept for the Czech Republic particularly in relation to our future membership. At the same time, young European currency, the euro became the monitored unit because of the current financial crisis. The aim of my effort is to analyze the current action, activity and possible evolution of the euro area in the context of the history of European monetary integration. An initial introductory chapter is followed by the word of the general characteristics of institutions of monetary union with some of its examples. I continue with the basic description of the European Monetary Union. The third chapter...
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The emergency response organization of NPP Temelín operator
KOŠŤÁL, Jaroslav
This work deals with Organization of Emergency Response in NPP. According assignment this work summarizes its legal preconditions and consequently gives description of its practical realization. The necessary terminology is gathered and the basic overview of OER functioning is given. An attention is paid to staffing, structure and number of workplaces, the used documentation and also to the system of its readiness and functionality verification. The intent is to define the essential aspects of nuclear safety and to describe system of emergency planning and response in condition of real nuclear facility. In the second part of work a comparison of Stress Tests of EDU and ETE NPPs in the reason to evaluate how the goals of Emergency Response are met. The comparison of Stress Tests results is done in shape of tables. My interpretation of the established facts is: 1.The probability of earthquake exceeding the design resistant of structures, technological systems and structures is practically insignificant. The results are for both locations virtually identical. The project robustness of ETE NPP to earthquakes is slightly higher than EDU. 2.The flooding robustness of both our NPP sites is high. Both NPPs are due to its location very resistant to rain water flooding. To ensure a high level of resistance to rain water flooding requires regular maintenance of drainage systems. 3.EDU and ETE NPPs are resistant to earthquakes and in this way they are resistant to the extreme weather condition especially to the gusty wind too. 4.Secured power internal consumption supply systems on EDU and ETE NPPs are projected according to analogical basics and are enough robust to failure from common cause. To secure safe down-cooling of reactor unit the only one independent power supply system is sufficient. In project of ETE NPP there is in comparison with EDU NPP the next system of common independent power consumption supply. It is primarily intended to prevent damages in technology of secondary circle. Two DGs strongly improve the resistance of unit to SBO accident. 5.Heat removal from separate technological systems is on both power stations realized by using of analogical cooling system. Constructional differences in projects of our power stations are given by different time of their project works. There is a possibility that cooling systems of EDU NPP will be improved. 6.System of severe accident management is organized in the similar way at both facilities. The staff of Accident Board and Technical Support Centre is analogical. Recently the staff of TSC was reinforced to improve its ability to cope the multiply accident on several units. The documentation for solving of abnormal states, accidents and severe accidents has got the same basic structure. Procedures and guidelines are continually improved. Attention is paid to verification and validation of these procedures. 7.On the basis of performed Stress Tests there is a high possibility of gradual realization of partial administrative, personal and technological improvements that will be done in reason to improve Nuclear Safety and Organization of Emergency Response. The specific measures are summarized in the National Action Plan. An absolute elimination of an accident is impossible, but the probability of an accident with fuel degradation must be as low as it is reasonably possible to achieve. The NPP must be able to diminish the impacts of such event to the generally acceptable low. The ability to manage such events is the major goal of Emergency Response that should be taken as a sophisticated interdisciplinary system.
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