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Fundamental human rights in the European Union
HORECKÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis is the development of the protection of human rights in the European Union, the analysis of the current state and coherence in the context of the legal regulations of the Czech Republic, including the enforcement of human rights in connection withthe judgements.
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The Struggle for the nature of Human Rights
Bednář, Miloslav
The Author contradicts basic human-civic rights to by now ideologically preferred social and human rights and criticizes the European Union´s political and ideological mainstream for privileging the later at the expense of basic human-civic rights and liberties.
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International involvement in the peacebuilding process on Sri Lanka
Mojžíš, Michal ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Burešová, Jana (referee)
The final months of Sri Lankan civil war, the 26 year military campaign between the Government of Sri Lanka and the insurgent separatist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, are marked by allegations of war crimes committed by both parties of the conflict, including attacks on civilians, summary executions of prisoners, enforced disappearances, restrictions on humanitarian assistance and recruitment of children. Since the attempts to put the Sri Lankan issue on the agenda of the United Nations Security Council failed on the unwillingness of China and Russia, the UN bodies in Geneva have taken a leading role in promoting the peacebuilding process on the island. The thesis aims to analyse the impact of the Geneva-based human rights bodies, in particular of the United Nations Human Rights Council, on the process of reconciliation in Sri Lanka, for which is crucial that the alleged violations of human rights in the last months of the civil war would be properly investigated and that the perpetrators would be held accountable. In order to put the activity of the UN Human Rights Council into broader context, the paper will examine the political development in Sri Lanka since the end of the civil war in 2009 as well as the failed efforts of Sri Lankan governments to launch the process of reconciliation.
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Total contents and speciation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing in soils with different physico-chemical properties
Tremlová, Jana ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with uptake, accumulation and transformation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing on soils with different chemico-physical soil properties. The contents of arsenic were investigated in 99 wild plant species, coming from 27 different families and 6 different vegetables growing in arsenic contaminated soils. The results suggest that there are species-specific mechanisms which protects certain plants from the excessive uptake of arsenic from the soil. On the other hand, there are plants using a strategy of accumulation, which theoretically may increase the risk of arsenic entry into the food chain, whether through grazing cattle and wildlife or through consumption of vegetables growing on arsenic contaminated soils. The most prevalent arsenic compounds are AsV and AsIII. Other arsenic compounds occure as minor species. An important finding was detection of arsenobetaine in Plantago lanceolata L. and Carex praecox Schreb ..
The contents of selenium were examined in 73 species of wild plants, coming from 29 different families. The results suggest that naturally low levels of selenium in the soil of selected locations along with a low capability of selenium uptake via collected plant species lead to the low content of selenium in plant biomass which may contribute to selenium deficient throughout the food chain. Foliar application of selenate on wild plant communities and on some types of vegetables in our case Brassica oleracea var. italica can have a positive impact on increasing the selenium content in the aboveground biomass of these plants and by extension, increase the selenium content in the human diet. Dominant selenium compounds in the aboveground biomass of the analyzed plants were SeVI and selenomethionine, with variable proportion of other commonly occurring organic selenium compounds, which is mainly affected by plant species.
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Contribution of the Lisbon Treaty to the protection of human rights in the EU
Vejnarová, Eva ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Contribution of the Lisbon Treaty to the protection of human rights in the European Union The aim of this thesis is to analyze the changes brought by the Lisbon Treaty to the protection of human rights in the European Union. The author focuses on two key areas: 1, The Charter of Fundamental Rights has become legally binding and thus enforceable document by the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. The author outlines how the agenda of the protection of human rights has grown to become the Union's major theme, and what preceded it, the Union now has its own catalog of rights. The author describes the systematics of the Charter and the reasons why countries like Great Britain, Poland and the Czech Republic consequently negotiated an exception to its applicability. 2, The possibility of accession of the EU as a whole to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, a significant human rights document of Council of Europe. If indeed such a step was taken, it would become the Union's 48th Party to the Convention in addition to 47 member states of the Council of Europe and in this context the question arises, what would be the future relationship of the ECJ and the Court of Human Rights. Keywords: European Union, Lisbon Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, European...
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Corporate social responsibility and child labor
Maierová, Beata ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Melounová, Irena (referee)
Nowadays it is increasingly mentioned concept of corporate social responsibility. This concept, however, can not completely ensure to respect human rights and to not use child labor in the context of business activities. There are cases of companies claiming to be socially responsible, which are also affected by human rights violations and abuse of child labor. The primary objective of this bachelor's thesis is to discover and analyze the possible causes of the use of child workers by socially responsible companies . Furthermore , this work aims to answer the question why companies use child labor and where is the major problem of socially responsible companies. Another aim is to conclude if the concept of corporate social responsibility is effective and can eliminate the exploitation of child labor . The work is divided into four chapters on theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part defines the concept of corporate social responsibility and describes documents dealing with social responsibility by internationally respected institution. The work also defines child labor and describes its incidence in the world and in economic sectors. The empirical part analyzes the causes of the abuse of child labor by the demand for child labor and weaknesses of CSR leading to the exploitation of child labor. In the next part of the work there is examined incidence and causes of child labor abuse at Apple, which has implemented into its running supplier responsibility.
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Ontology of the work of art in Jan Patočka
Škutil, František ; Ševčík, Miloš (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor)
In this dissertation the author attempts to refer to the issue of the ontology of a work of art based on the philosophy of Jan Patočka. The character of the first chapter is something akin to a preparation stage. Here the author uses Patočka's original concept of the issue of the natural world to prepare space in which to outline the philosophical development of Jan Patočka with emphasis on his demarcation of the overall movement of human life, which consists of three fundamental movements, of which the third movement of truth as human transcendence is movement that characterises not only human existence, but the essential determination of a work of art. The final section documents the historical variability of the truth of a work of art and defines experiences from a work of art based on Patočka's contributions to the issue of art and individual artistic types.
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The Relationship of the Right to Privacy and the Right to Information in the Czech Republic
Bardiovská, Petra ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Toman, Prokop (referee)
This bachelor thesis offers a view on two basic human rights, a right to privacy and a right for information and deals with situations in which these rights stand against each other and come into conflict. The dispute between these two rights always needs to be adjudicated and so one of these rights is prevailed over the other one. However, to decide which to law should be given priority and which will be limited, it is not always easy. This thesis tries to answer a question if a solution for the mentioned conflicts can be found and if it can be commonly applied. A part of this thesis is focused on disputes between the mentioned rights that are connected with a use of internet services. A questionnaire included in this thesis identifies internet users awarness on fundamental rights and duties, potential risks associated with internet services use and also examines whether users prefer privacy to other subjects awareness.
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Human and artificial intelligence in IS
Esterka, Jakub ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Toman, Prokop (referee)
This thesis is focused on intelligence in information systems. The goal is to offer readers a comprehensive view on both human and artificial intelligence and explain their role in enterprise information systems. The first chapter deals with human intelligence. The reader is made familiar with the development of theory of intelligence, with its limitations, and also with this work's definition of intelligence. That is also used in the second chapter, which details the artificial intelligence. In the next chapter, work will focus on enterprise information systems. In the final chapter, the thesis puts human and artificial intelligence in the context of information systems and both forms of intelligence are compared using pre-selected factors.
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EU relationship with the European Convention on Human Rights
Heřmanová, Jolana ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Levý, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. This accession is being prepared for several decades, and in 2013 finally got to the stage where a draft of the accession agreement was already finished. Now the European Court of Justice delivered his opinion on this draft. The first part of the text is about protection of human rights in Europe, the second part deals with the Court's opinion no. 2/94 dated 28 March 1996 and the following section deals with the changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty. The fourth part contains an analysis of the current state of the negotiations and the final fifth part of the thesis deals with the relationship of the Court of Justice to the European Court of Human Rights.
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