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Moral responsibility and nature of moral and ethics in the global world.
LÖFFELMANNOVÁ, Blanka
We can feel side effects of globalization primarily in the economic area, with far-reaching impact on further spheres of social life, including the level and perspectives of moral principles etc. We live in a society with the substantial feature of ambivalence when almost each social phenomenon and process is ambiguous. The theoretical part of the work defines the concepts like ethics, moral, their significance and role in the society in connection with the issue of globalization and describes some impacts of the globalization process on the society or environment. The information was ascertained with the help of the method of quantitative data collection through the data collection technique in form of anonymous questionnaire. The goal of the work was to ascertain the opinion of a selected population sample on the perspective of moral in progressing globalization of the world and, at the same time, to find out the awareness of the society on the issue of the globalization process. 75 students of the Faculty of Health and social Studies were addressed in form of the anonymous questionnaire and only 70 of them took part in the research. All the goals I had set at the beginning were successfully met. The results of the work can serve to inform broad and expert public on the displays of globalization in moral sphere and their acceptance or refusal by representative (or specific) sample of the society.
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Christianity freedom - concept and problems of acknowledgement in canon law
Kolářová, Marie ; Hrdina, Antonín (advisor) ; Kašný, Jiří (referee) ; Šprunk, Karel (referee)
Christianity freedom - concept and problems of acknowledgement in canon law Key words: Theory and Philosophy of Law, Concept of Law, Freedom of a Christian, Morality, Rights of Catholics First part: The concept of freedom that is within philosophy and law theory understood in different meanings - distinction among transcendental freedom, freedom of choice and freedom in Christ. Second part: The concept of law; the relationship between law and values. The nature of canon law; is canon law a juridical or a theological science? School of thought in the contemporary debate about the nature of canon law. Law is one aspect of a complex social reality. I Third part: The nature of the Church; the visible and the invisible church. The renewed theological vision of the nature of the Church. The place of law in the Church. Two distinct ecclesiologies: one of the Church as sacrament and communion, the other of a juridicalIy organized perfect society. Fourth part: The close relationship of law norms and moral norms in the juristic regulation of the Church. The distinction between to conduct according moral and law norms. Framework of morality. Moral norms encourages persons to be virtuous. Fifth part: The fundamental human rights are .inseparably interconnected in the very person. The fundamental human rights...
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Between Prague and Vienna. Hermann Bahr and J.S. Machar and the spaces of (Central) European Modernism
Kostrbová, Lucie ; Brabec, Jiří (advisor) ; Fialová, Ivana (referee) ; Vojtěch, Daniel (referee)
This thesis deals with the relations between Czech and Viennese literary modernism during the 1890s, key amongst which were the contacts between Hermann Bahr and J. S. Machar. The contextual underpinnings, nature and significance of these relations are analysed in two monograph chapters. Chapter One focuses on the formation and transformation of Bahr's modernist programme as it moved between Berlin, Paris and Vienna, and an analysis is made of the programme keywords (Nervenkunst, Nervenromantik, Überwindung des Naturalismus, die Moderne, das gute Europäertum, Entdeckung der Provinz), which from the early 1890s found a response among Czech critics (e. g. F. Zákrejs, J. S. Machar and F. V. Krejčí). Bahr's conception of Viennese modernism and Austrian culture and the programme of the Die Zeit review were substantially influenced by Parisian experiences of the plurality of artistic production. Chapter Two follows developments in the work of J. S. Machar after he moved from Prague to Vienna in 1889. Machar's experience in Vienna is analysed in texts of various genres (lyric poetry, correspondence, autobiography, polemics and essay writing) and on the basis of his varying literary and intellectual contacts, while attention is paid in particular to his relationship with Jaroslav Vrchlický and T. G. Masaryk. A...
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The Role of Religious Law in the Legal system of the State of Israel The Agunah
Sedláková, Dominika ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Boušek, Daniel (referee)
The present M.A. thesis deals with the role of Jewish religious law in the legal system of the State of Israel. The aim of this work is to describe unique nature of Israeli legal system due to the incorporation of Jewish religious law. The thesis focuses at the marital and divorce law. This legal branch was the most influenced by Jewish religious. The case of agunot, litteraly chained women, was chosen as an example of the application of Jewish religious law in the legal system of a modern country. Agunah is a woman who is not permitted to remarry because she has not been given a divorce list nor she is widowed. The problem of agunot is rather ancient and Jewish scholars have tried to find a solution for many centuries. However, nowadays when society calls for an equality between genders and for standard human rights, this issue is even more pressing than ever before. Hardly is a woman accorded right to human dignity if her husband can keep her at his own mercy. At the absence of systemic legal tool, the whole community, including the Orthodox rabbis, should be willing to exert moral pressure such as banning lenient men from synagogue offices and honors to help women to be released from their marriage. More so because the motive behind withholding a geṭ is in most cases economic or other benefit....
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Human nature as a source of moral behaviour according to Jean Jacques Rousseau
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the emphasis Rousseau put on human nature. It represents for him the solution of moral depravity and deformed social conditions, which were caused by the abandonment of the state of nature and the entering of the social state. While man in the state of nature satisfies all his needs by himself and his own powers, this equilibrium is in the social state disturbed. Continually growing interests and resulting needs breed human interdependency. The originally independent, strong and free man became a dependent and week slave. This progress caused that man lost the contact with nature and began justifying his conduct on fallacious, false and mendacious grounds. Because Rousseau believed that the social and technical progress was part of the moral distortion he could not accept the traditional solution of the Enlightenment consisting in the growth of the human knowledge and improvement of reason. His solution lied rather in the recovery of contact with nature. This very effort to overcome the moral depravity and base our conduct again on the original naturalness was to make our conduct moral. Rousseau came with two solutions. The first involved the society governed by the general will, the second involved the individual education of an individual undisturbed by moral depravity. At...
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Myth: Socialist Realism
Brederová, Tatiana ; Vinař, Josef (advisor) ; Boková, Marie (referee)
In my work Ifocus on the socialistic realism drama in Czechoslovakia, which was formed during the period 1948-1956 (playwrights such as Vojtěch Cach, Václav Káňa, Peter Karvaš, Štefan Králik, Ján Skalka...). The aim of my work is to define the unified signs of dramatic works, declared by Andrei Zhdanov, and to analyze the means of mass manipulation in these works.
The main part of my work is the analysis of mythological conception of the socialistic realism drama. I do so by comparing the socialistic society and culture with those of Ancient world and Christian society. For this analysis I use the work of Carl Gustav Jung and Karl Kerényi Science of Mythology, as well as the modern interpretation of mythology today in the work Mythologies written by Roland Barthes.
In the chapter Socialistic Mythology I look for concrete analogies with Ancient and Christian mythology. For example, I specify the principal signs of mythologies, such as the psychological origins of myths, the myth of the original chaos, icons and rituals in mythologies, morals and the social stratification. By investigating these signs I assume to find analogies with socialistic perception and interpretation of the world.
Third chapter is dedicates to the analysis of ?ideolanguage? and ?ideologics?, terms defined by Mikhail Epstein. I analyze the specific vocabulary of communist era drama and the semantic structure.
In the last chapter I analyze the concrete dramatic works as a result of further investigation of myth as such. I apply terms of Roland Barthes, such as naturalization and inflexion. These terms are according to Barthes typical for myths and I consider them also relevant for my study of socialistic realism. This way I try to characterize the intention of socialistic garniture to ?engineer human souls?.
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The Theological Nature of Evangelisation and its Meaning for the Spiritual Life of the Evangelizer
Rybecká, Ludmila ; Kohut, Pavel Vojtěch (advisor) ; Červenková, Denisa (referee)
Anglická anotace Title: The Theological Nature of Evangelism and its Meaning for the Spiritual Life of the Evangelist The principal aim is to research the theme of Evangelism from point of view of its theological nature and spiritual significance for the life of the Evangelist. The first part is an enquiry of the theological nature of Evangelism in the light of Holy Writ and to present records of the sacrament and the theological reflection thereon. The basic premise is the secret of the Holy Trinity: the Father's plan of redemption and the mission of the Son and the Holy Spirit. The second part endeavours to apply the results of research of the theological nature of Evangelism to the spiritual life of the Evangelist, considering how the Evangelist should live his life and how his spiritualism might appear. The basic premise is again the secret of the Holy Trinity and consideration of the role played by the evangelist in this secret. Key words: Evangelism, spiritualism of the Evangelist, the Holy Trinity, redemption, mission.
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The effectiveness of prevention programs in primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of students of Faculty of health and social studies of University of South Bohemia.
VÁLKOVÁ, Jana
Sex is a natural means of reproduction, but by far it is not practised solely for that purpose. In recent years there has been a large release of morality and today we would hardly find a young person with a belief that sex serves for reproduction only. Sexual life is no longer taboo and therefore it is necessary to speak also about the adverse phenomena that accompany it. There is unwanted pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases present a serious global problem that does not fudge even our society. Young people represent the largest risk group in terms of infection who go through various relationsship selecting a permanent partner. The primary prevention is the most important way how to fight against sexually transmitted diseases, and it is important particularly for those who have not begun yet to live sexually. For this reason it is often implemented in the form of prevention programs in school facilities. The current situation of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic was charted in the theoretical part of this work. The goal of the practical part of this work was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of prevention programs in the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia. There were defined four hypotheses for this purpose. The first hypothesis: Young people get more information about the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases from the media and from their peers than from schools and parents. The second hypothesis: Experience with random sex has a quarter of respondents. The third hypothesis was formulated as follows: Women have more knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases than men. The fourth hypothesis: Women observe the principles of safe sex more than men. The quantitative research, questioning method and questionnaire technique were used to collect empirical data. The questionnaire was anonymous and had electronic form. The research sample consisted of full-time bachelor programs students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia, who belong by their age structure into the most vulnerable group of infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents. The research was attended by 531 respondents. The first, third and fourth hypothesis were not confirmed on the based of a statistical test. The third hypothesis was confirmed statistically. The descriptive statistics shows that young adults do not have sufficient knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and have no fear of the disease, which is also reflected in their behavior. The prevention programs for primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic are not quite sufficient, according to the achieved results and in my opinion, and we can not talk about their proven effectiveness. It can be said they provide at least some awareness of the risks associated with sexual intercourse. In my opinion, it is necessary to establish the precise form of the curriculum and to incorporate sex education into the framework of the educational plan as a separate subject in school facilities as basic and secondary. It is necessary to involve parents into the process of primary prevention by increasing their awareness and to pass the acquired information. It is also necessary to promote a form of barrier contraception and introduce general preventive programs in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases.
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Ethics in business
Kabanova, Viktoria ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Pilař, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis has two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes six main parts: morality, ethics, economy, nature of business ethics, introducing ethics into corporate strategy, corporate social responsibility and business ethics in the Czech Republic.
The thesis includes a practical part that analyses responses in a questionnaire survey and completed recommendations for improving the level of ethics in the business environment.
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