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The synthesis of thiamacrocycles and the study of their properties
Nejedlý, Jindřich ; Kroutil, Jiří (referee) ; Starý, Ivo (advisor)
The aim of this work is the study of a simple method of preparing macrocyclic ligands for complexation of fullerenes. Necessary attribute of those ligands is their construction of electron-rich building blocks, which are prerequisite for π-π interactions with electron- deficiency fullerene spherical systems. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is a known electron-rich system and for this reason, 2,3-bis(butylthio)-6,7-bis(2-kyanoethylthio)- tetrathiafulvalene was chosen as a basic building block. The protecting cyanoethyl group in this derivative can be removed by the acting of a base and thus generated thiolate function group is used in alkylation reactions of bis(bromomethyl)aryls. In reactions of these two components of bifunctional alkylation reactions was produced (in addition to the prevalent oligomeric products) a mixture of macrocycles with different sizes, the number of included building units was marked as [2 +2], [3 +3] and [4 +4] macrocycles. Reactions of TTF derivative with 4,4'- bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl and 4,4'-bis(bromomethyl)diphenylether have been performed. Column chromatography fractions of cyclic products were in both cases analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, NMR spectroscopy. The performed study has shown, that an equipoise to the simplicity of the synthetic protocol are low yields of...
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Study of the storage temperature influence on the weight of eye drops
Strážnická, Julie ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical technology Consultant: Doc. PharmDr. Zdenka Šklubalová, Ph.D. Student: Julie Strážnická Title of Thesis: Study of the storage temperature influence on the weight of eye drops Eye drops are a conventional dosage form for a topical application of ophthalmic drugs. Even a size of an applied drop, being influenced by many factors, significantly affects bioavailability of the drug. The object of the thesis was research into an effect of storage temperature, the residual volume of the preparation ranging from 1 to 5 ml, and the dispensing angle on the weight of commercial eye drops. Based on the results, storage temperature 8řC and/or 25řC, respectively, and the residual volume did not significantly affect the weight of the eye drop. The significant effect of the dispensing angle on the drop weight was influenced due to the wetting of a dropper tip. With a dispensing angle of 90ř, an average weight of the drop was 30 mg for the non-wetted dropper tip, while an average weight of the drop approximately 35 mg was noted for the wetted dropper tip. Decreasing the dispensing angle from 90ř to 45ř from the horizontal resulted in significant increase in the weight of drop to 37 mg due to the formation of a drop from...
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The study of effect of selenium on proliferation of cell lines isolated from colorectal carcinoma
Žmolilová, Hana ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee)
Selenium is an essential trace element that is an integral part of many proteins, with catalytic and structural functions. The antioxidant properties of some selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase, may be particularly important in having influence on carcinogenesis. Selenium exists in different chemical forms - inorganic (selenite, selenate) and organic forms (selenoaminoacids, selenoproteins). The bioavailability and cancer chemoprotective activity of selenium depend on the concentration and the chemical form in which it is present. I studied the effect of L-Selenomethionine and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine on proliferation in three colorectal cell lines with different malignant potential (HT 29, SW 480, SW 620). Proliferation was measured by BrdU - ELISA with chemiluminiscent detection.
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Extraction of beta-Sitosterol from the Stinging Nettle Root with Supercritical CO2
Sajfrtová, Marie ; Bártlová, Milena ; Sovová, Helena
The stinging nettle root contains both polar and non-polar biologically active substances. beta-Sitosterol (BS), the most important component of its neutral lipids, is active in the root extracts used for various alternative medicine treatments, including the reduction of enlarged prostate. Dry roots contaning 0.28 g/kg BS were extracted with CO2 at pressure 12-60 MPa and temperature 40-80 C. Though the maximum yield of BS was only 89 %, its concentration in extract was increased by 13 % compared to the extraction with hexane. Changing vials where the CO2 extract was collected, fractions with double and higher BS concentration could be obtained. The fractionation was simulated using a mathematical kinetic model of multicomponent extraction.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013110513041 - PDF
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Study of interspecies differences in plasma protein binding of 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals
Nováková, Dana ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Bárta, Pavel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Dana Nováková Consultant: Prof. PharmDr. Ing. Milan Lázníček, CSc. Title of Thesis: Study of interspecies differences in plasma protein binding of 18 F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals In this thesis, the binding ability of three radiopharmaceuticals containing radionuclide 18 F to the plasma proteins was examined in bovine, pig, human and rat plasma, and the interspecies comparison was performed. Examined radiopharmaceuticals included 18 F-FDG, 18 F-fluorocholine and 18 F-thymidine. The two main methods used are equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. These methods are based on separation of free ligand from the linked component. During the separation, semi-permeable membrane and special filters (AMICON and VIVASPIN) were used for equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration, respectively. Free fraction of drugs is considered to be an important parameter for the availability of the drug distribution into the tissues and cells, interaction with receptors, excretion and metabolism. All experiments were carried out at the physiological temperature of 37řC. Obtained results indicate low plasma protein binding of the three radiopharmaceuticals in all studied species, which suggests...
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Evaluation of energetic byproducts via selected ecotoxicity tests
Král, Petr ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of bachelor thesis is the study of ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts generated from the power industry. The theoretical part is focused on current problems concerning waste ecotoxicity testing namely on needs of ecotoxicity testing not only in terrestric but also in aquatic arrangement. In practical part selected energetic byproduct were evaluated via Acute toxicity test and Avoidance test on soil organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Plant root growth inhibition test on letuce and onion (Lactuca sativa a Allium cepa). Luminescent bacteria test on Vibrio fischeri was also used. Obtained results served for evaluation of potential ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts discussion. It was found that test in contact arrangement is very important for complex evaluation of negative effects of matrices entering the ecosystem. Also the importance of test on luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri is not negligible, because provides additional information of effects on representatives of destruents as an important ecosystem function part.
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Studium vzniku sekundárních částic z plynných prekurzorů a jejich podílu na celkové imisní zátěži: Studium podílu bioaerosolů na imisní zátěži území České republiky suspendovanými částicemi
Státní zdravotní ústav, Centrum hygieny životního prostředí, Odborná skupina hygieny ovzduší, Praha ; Kašička, Václav ; Matějů, Ladislava ; Kazmarová, Helena ; Kotlík, Bohumil
Plnění úkolu v roce 2006. V průběhu celé pylové sezóny roku 2006 od 1.3.2006 do 31.10.2006, byly na dvou místech tj. v areálu SZÚ v Praze (zastupuje městskou aglomeraci s významným podílem dopravní zátěže) a v areálu nemocnice v Havlíčkově Brodě (zastupuje maloměstskou lokalitu pozaďového charakteru) realizovány paralelní odběry 24 hodinových vzorků aerosolů TSP. V obou lokalitách byly souběžně měřeny základní meteorologické parametry (teplota, relativní vlhkost, směr a rychlost větru). V obou lokalitách jsou dlouhodobě provozovány stanice celostátního pylového monitoringu a je realizován státní imisní monitoring (manuální stanice č. ISKO 457 v Praze SZÚ a automatická stanice č. ISKO 1200 v H. Brodě) suspendovaných částic frakce PM10 a na stanici v Praze i monitoring suspendovaných částic frakce PM2,5 a spadu. V paralelních 24 hodinových vzorcích frakce TSP byly stanoveny hmotnostní koncentrace suspendovaných částic, mikrobiologické složky (celkové počty mikroorganismů, celkové počty plísní a kvasinek, spory plísní) a jako indikátor výskytu pylových zrn či jejich částí stanoveny i alergenní složky biogenního původu. V roce 2006 byly ukončeny činnosti související s úpravou metod pro kvantifikaci a identifikaci částic biogenního původu.
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Development of phase composition in silicate systems by available methods and their optimalization
Opravilová, Lenka ; Palou, Martin (referee) ; Škvára, František (referee) ; Havlica, Jaromír (advisor)
One of the most prominent measurable parameters of the development of phases and phase transformations in inorganic systems are undoubtedly the volume changes of silicate matrix. The study of volume changes is crucial in the terms of usable durability of final product. They represent shrinkage or expansion of the material and may lead to significant decrease of technological and ecological parameters and often to complete destruction of these materials. Most often the volume changes can be observed when cement is used as a binder and in concretes, mortars, artificial aggregates and other similar materials. There are many methods to detect, define and determine the volume changes qualitatively or quantitatively. The development of phases was investigated as a part of the dissertation thesis and hence the volume changes were observed under the conditions closest to the real state in the construction industry. The raw materials and admixtures were selected which model the content of hazardous components present in conventional materials (both natural and secondary), used in construction and the relationship with volume changes was searched and demonstrated. The contacts for measuring the volume changes were attached to test surfaces of specimens and the physical - mechanical tests (volume changes, phase changes, strength, etc.), chemical analysis and ecotoxicity tests depending on the length of hydration were performed.
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