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Metoda sdružených gradientů
Segeth, Karel
The endeavour to solve systems of linear algebraic systems is already two thousand years old. In the paper we consider the conjugate gradient method that is (theoretically) finite but, in practice, it can be treated as an iterative method. We survey a known modification of the method, the preconditioned conjugate gradient method, that may converge faster than the original one.
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Od problému momentů k moderním iteračním metodám - historické souvislosti a inspirace
Tůma, Martin ; Strakoš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zítko, Jan (referee)
In the present work we study the connections between the moment problem and the modern iterative methods. A short historical review of the study of the moment problem is given. Some different definitions of the moment problem are shown. Motivation and results of some mathematicians, who used the moment problem in their work are discussed. Connections between different definitions of the moment problem, Gauss-Christoffel quadrature, orthogonal polynomials, continued fractions, Sturm-Liouville problem, reduction of the model in linear dynamical systems and some of the iterative methods like Lanczos and Conjugate gradients method are explained.
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Effect of initiation on bulk polymerization of styrene
Vojáček, Jakub ; Běťák, Lukáš (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Bachelor thesis summarizes in the literature part findings on field of the radical initiation of styrene bulk polymerization. Especially polymerization using mono- and bifunctional initiators, further fotoinitiation and thermal initiation of styrene polymerization. The practical part is focused on monitoring the effects of polymerization conditions on monomer conversion, molecular weight, density and viscosity of the prepolymers. Experiments were performed with monofunctional initiator (dibenzoylperoxide), at atmospheric pressure, with polymerization temperature 91 °C, and various concentrations of initiator. Determination of monomer conversion was carried out gravimetrically, the density was determined by titration method and viscosity using the Stokes equation. Molecular weights were then calculated using Kuhn-Mark-Houwink-Sakurad equation.
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Photogeneration of Charge Carriers in Organic Semiconductors
Heinrichová, Patricie ; Kratochvílová, Irena (referee) ; Cimrová,, Věra (referee) ; Weiter, Martin (advisor)
The interest in the detail knowledge about elementary electronic processes during photogeneration of charge carriers, which allow achieving higher efficiency of organic solar cells, grows with advent of the commercial organic solar cells production. The thesis is focused on study of photogeneration of charge carriers in organic semiconductors, especially in -conjugated polymer materials. First part of the thesis summarized state of the art in studies of photogeneration of charge carriers in polymer solar cells. Subsequent experimental and results part are focused on study of polymeric solar cells prepared from electron donor polymers MDMO-PPV, Tg-PPV, PCDTBT and PCBTDPP and electron acceptor derivates of fullerenes PC60BM and PC70BM. Results of the thesis are divided in tree main parts: 1) study of charge transfer between electron donor and electron acceptor materials by optical methods, 2) study of charge transfer between electron donor and electron acceptor materials by optoelectrical methods and 3) development of organic solar cells on flexible substrates. The last part is focused largely on deposition methods of active materials thin layer.
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Study of Transport Mechanisms of Receptor-Specific Radiopharmaceuticals in the Kidney Cells.
Cihlo, Jan ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee) ; Komárek, Pavel (referee)
Renal accumulation of radiolabelled receptor specific substances can represent clinical problems for diagnosis and therapy of some typical malignancies due to radionephrotoxicity of these substances. The aim of this work was to design a suitable in vitro model for evaluating cumulative disposals of studied radiopharmaceuticals in the kidney and for finding possible mechanisms reducing the reabsorption of these substances by renal tubular cells. The suggested model designed for this purpose provides another opportunity for evaluation of their radionephrotoxical potential. The aforementioned in vitro method was standardised and used for the study of transport mechanism of some representatives of radiolabelled somatostatin analogues (111In/125I/90Y/177Lu-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate, 111In/90Y/177Lu-DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide), antibodies (111In/90Y/99mTc-AntiCD66) and albumin (FITC-albumin, 99mTc-albumin). All studied radioactive substances were radiolabelled with good practice and analyzed using HPLC and/or ITLC-SG methods. The radiolabelling technique of all studied specifically acting substances (radiolabelled peptides and antibodies) and also any concrete radionuclide showed no significant influence over the internalization into the renal OK cells. The difference of the internalized amount of FITC-albumin and...
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Effect of carbamazepine on thyroid hormone homeostasis
Šimko, Julius ; Šonka, Karel (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee)
8. Summary Introduction: While carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment may affect serum thyroid hormone concentrations it rarely leads to clinically important hypothyroidism. This study was aimed to evaluate an early effect of CBZ on thyroid status in hypothyroid patients with thyroid hormone replacement, as compared with patients without a thyroid disorder. Methods: Twenty-nine patients indicated for CBZ treatment were followed prospectively. Their thyrotropin (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4) and antibodies against thyreoperoxidase (TPO- ab) and thyreoglobulin (TG-ab) serum levels were assayed before the start of CBZ medication (150 mg/d increasing to 450 mg/d), and then their TSH, TT4 and FT4 serum levels were assayed at week intervals for 7 weeks. Nineteen patients had no thyroid disorder before CBZ treatment (control group A), whereas 10 patients were treated with L-thyroxine (median 100μg/d ) for hypothyroidism and were stable before CBZ treatment (group B). The fluctuations of thyroid status after the start of CBZ treatment were compared between the groups. Results: In the control group, TT4 was significantly decreased by ca. 15 to 25 %, starting from the 1st week of treatment (Friedman, p<0.001), while FT4 was decreased by only ca. 10 to 15 %, and the significance (p<0.001) was delayed till...
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An Effect of Facilitation Physiotherapy on Immune Parameters of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Řasová, K. ; Brandejský, P. ; Kučera, P. ; Martinková, Patrícia
Introduction: New neurophysiologic knowledge brings new possibilities of physiotherapy – a potential influence of the immune system in sense of immunomodulation. In this study, the impact of facilitation physiotherapy (FP) on the humoral and cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was monitored. Methods: Plasma immunoglobulins and membrane markers were measured in 20 stable MS patients twice during two months. During this time, 12 patients underwent 2 months FP and 8 did not change their habits. Plasma immunoglobulins were measured by laser nephelometry and membrane markers were stained by monoclonal antibody conjugated with fluorochromes and analyzed by flow cytometry. Wilcoxon signed-rank (paired) test and Wilcoxon rank-sum (two-sample) test was used for analyses. Results: We found significant changes in patients after FP in number of immunological parameters (IgG, IgG1, IgA, CD3+CD8+, CD3+, NK cells, lymphocytes, neutrophiles. while in patients who did not change their habits, there was a significant increase only in IgA. However, the amount of changes after two months follow-up was significantly different in the two groups only in IgA (p = 0.008). Conclusion: FP in MS influences the immunologic profile of patients with MS.
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Interspecies Comparison of Plasma Protein Binding of Recently Prepared Radopharmaceuticals
Drymlová, Petra ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Petra Drymlová Consultant: Prof. PharmDr. Ing. Milan Lázníček, CSc Title of thesis: Interspecies comparison of plasma protein binding of recently prepared radiopharmaceuticals. Plasma protein binding is one of the parameters, which significantly influence pharmacokinetics of drug. The aim of this thesis was to determine binding of three potential radiopharmaceuticals to the proteins of human, bovine, rabit and rat plasma by the method of equilibrium dialysis at 37řC. Concretely these compounds were bifunctional chelating agent 111In-DTPA-oxn, the derivative of commonly used chelate DTPA, and two labelled receptor specific peptides- somatostatin analog 177Lu-DOTA-NOC and gastrin derivative 111In-DOTA-MG-1. The results shows that plasma protein binding of 111In-DTPA-oxn is very low and pharmacokinetically unimportant as at the standard compound 111In-DTPA. Plasma protein binding of somatostatin derivative 177In-DOTA-NOC is between 30,0- 41,4 % and increases in order: bovine < rabbit < human < rat plasma. Statistically significant difference to human plasma was found only at bovine plasma. Plasma protein binding of peptide 111In- DOTA-MG-1 was found very low and in spite of...
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