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Vliv povrchů jízdáren na kopyto koně
Farová, Hana
This bacherol thesis is focused on the surfaces stables and their impact on the horse's hooves. The first part deals with the anatomy and physiology of the hooves. There are described important parts of the hooves. Bones, tendons and ligaments. The internal structure of the hooves, which deals with blood supply and innervation. Part of the thesis is devoted to factors acting on the hooves in the different seasons. It describes the factors affecting end of the steps, sensitive of the feet, suitable treatments for the horse's hooves and genetic influences. The next part deals with various surfaces used by the riding halls and their properties. There are described surfaces used in modern equestrian areas. There are mentioned also requirements equestrian disciplines that are specific to each equestrian industry. The conclusion is devoted to practical knowledge of blacksmiths.
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The mechanism of The Influence of Hypoxia on The Fetoplacental Vascular Bed
Jakoubek, Vít ; Hampl, Václav (advisor) ; Zoban, Petr (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Straňák, Zbyněk (referee)
Placental hypoxia is commonly considered to play an important role in the development of several perinatal and neonatal diseases such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or preeclampsia. In this disertation we therefore tried to (at least partially) solve this problem by answering the question how do acute and chronic hypoxia affect fetoplacentar vasculature. Unlike all vascular beds with the exception of the pulmonary circulation, fetoplacental vessels respond to acute hypoxia with vasoconstriction ( HFPV). This mechanism presumably diverts blood flow from poorly oxygenated areas towards regions with better O2 supply. We already know, that hypoxia inhibits potassium channels and thus causes depolarization in fetoplacental vascular smooth muscle. We propose that this hypoxia-induced depolarization leads to vasoconstriction by activating voltage- dependent calcium (Ca) channels and Ca influx. We performed our first experiment on the preparation of dually perfused cotyledon of the human placenta, which we gained immediately after uncomplicated spontaneus deliveries or elective caesarian sections. The preparation was perfused with Krebs' saline with dextran and meclophenamate and gased with 40% O2, 5% CO2 a 55% N2. We compared HFPV, which was elicited by changing gasing of the perfusate to the...
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Histology of the lungs with a focus on bronchogenic carcinoma
KAPOUNOVÁ, Pavla
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explain the anatomic and microscopic lung structure as well as basic features of selected pulmonary disorders, especially of bronchogenic carcinoma. The thesis deals with types, causes, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. The thesis is comprised of two parts. The theoretical part introduces lung development, anatomic and microscopic structure of the lower respiratory tract, lung structure and function, vascular supply, and lymphatic drainage. The most frequent nonneoplastic and neoplastic pulmonary diseases are described here. The practical part of the thesis is focused on tissue processing. This complex process starts with the removal of a tissue specimen from a patient's body (biopsy) and it is finished when microscopic slide is handed to a physician (pathologist). All steps are important; there is an imperative to prevent any specimen damage as it could hamper the diagnosis. All tissue specimens must be stored in a fixative and delivered to a histopathologic laboratory, together with a clinical request for a pathological examination. Following steps are carried out in the histopathology laboratory: macroscopic examination and cut-up, processing in a tissue automate, embedding, cutting, and staining. The basic staining method is performed by hematoxylin-eosin. Finally, slides are covered and given to a pathologist who establishes a diagnosis on a particular slide, or asks for additional examinations. These may be additional histochemical stains or auxiliary studies such as immunohistochemistry or genetics. All these methods may contribute to a final diagnosis of the biopsy. The chapter Frequency of diagnoses summarises lung biopsies examined at our department (Šikl Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Plzen, the Czech Republic) in 2015. In the discussion, the frequency of bronchogenic carcinoma types is evaluated with a regard to the sex and age. Several graphs are added. Research: CD133 as a prognostic marker for non-small cell lung cancers.
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Qualitative and quantitative study of lymph nodes of greater omentum and its vicinity
Kheck, Michal ; Kachlík, David (advisor)
The initial impetus to this topic came from Clinical physician - pathologist. A large part of the caul resection operations for colorectal cancer and the pathology is in the staging routinely investigated. These are mainly finding and histological processing and detection of lymph nodes metastatic potential of cancer. In the literature, however, we not find any mention of the anatomy of lymphatic drainage and possible localization of lymph nodes in a large caul. Upon further examination We found that as information about the vascular supply to a largecaul is patchy, or a study conducted on a small number preparations. Great caul is mainly used in abdominal surgery, is not usable in reconstructive surgery.
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Surgeon's view on pulmonary vessels variations
Stolz, Alan ; Pafko, Pavel (advisor) ; Wechsler, Jan (referee) ; Vobořil, Zbyněk (referee)
Our investigation deals with the configuration of the arteries as they arise from the pulmonary artery. According to our study, we found variations from classical anatomical branching of pulmonary vessels. The patterns of pulmonary arterial supply to the right upper lobe have been studied in 100 laboratory and surgical specimens. The commonest single pattern consisted of 3 vessels, an anterior trunk, posterior and anterior ascending artery. The commonest pattern in middle lobe, encountered in 57% of the cases, consisted of 2 vessels. The superior segments of the lower lobes were supplied by single arterial branch in 80% of individuals. The number of arteries supplying the left upper lobe varied from 3 to 5, with most lobes receiving 4 branches in 50% of cases. Surgeons usually ligate and divide the right inferior pulmonary vein without meticulous attention to its tributaries when performing right lower lobectomy when its trunk is long enough to divide safely. Our study identified variations of middle pulmonary vein. In this cases blockage of venous return from middle lobe vein in patients who have the anatomic variation of middle lobe vein drainage can lead to severe lung edema, which may cause infection or respiratory distress, postoperative complications that can be life-threatening. The branching pattern...
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Model Solutions to Energy Supply Local Transportation and Alternative Sources of Transportation
Krtička, Miroslav ; Pirožek, Petr (advisor) ; Mareš, Milan (referee) ; Žufan, Pavel (referee)
The Thesis are focused on the area of strategic management using the strategies selection and decision making processes, based on the Game Theory apparatus. The analyses of local energy sources potential and possible use in local transportation are the basis of the Thesis. The problems of energy maintenance and efficient utilisation have not decreasing its importance even in the situation of technology & technical improvements; there are no universally-suitable processes found in this area. One of the approaches should be in the philosophy of maximising the utilisation of local resources to minimise the expenses of the transportation of the energies itself. The Thesis are focused on the increased efficiency of local energy-resources utilisation combined with continuously increasing energy demands in the area of transportation area. The Target is to construct model, having proportionally characterised the suitable strategies to the decision -- making in the areas of local energies production and/or their utilisation in the area of the local transportation demand saturation. The Game Theory approaches creating the basis for the different interested groups; it allows to compare the advantages of different options / strategies of the progress, having respected counter-strategies of the other parties of the conflict situation. The recommendation of the most advantageous strategies for the individual interested groups of the conflict (transport companies, potential producers of energies from local resources, society) is the result of the process. The construction of the model, having the ability to compare the merits of different options -- related to the energies-utilisation (strategies) is the contribution of the thesis. There is specific approach given to allow finding the results suitable for both interested parties of the conflict situation (producers of the organic matter for the energy production, potential energy producers, local transporting companies). All the results are based mainly on the verified statistic data sources. Resulting model allow good and transparent comparison of different strategies of the different interested groups related to the energy resources. The results could work not only in the area of theoretical calculations, but also companies and interested parties strategies recommendations to their own decision-making processes.
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Artery tracking in CT data
Doubek, Miloš ; Pelikán, Josef (advisor) ; Felkel, Petr (referee)
This thesis focuses on the processing of CT data received during the CT examination of the vessels - CT angiography. The area of interest is the extracranial course of the carotic arteries. Regarding the major role of these vessels in the blood supply of the brain cells this examination is frequently performed and influences the diagnostic decision and following therapy in case of pathological changes of the vessels. The contemporary clinical software included in the tomographs does not provide sufficient comfort for easy 3-dimensional orientation which is necessary for the diagnostics. The automatic segmentation and classification of the vessels might be a possible solution to this problem and also a great challenge. For the segmentation of the extracranial part of the carotic arteries the parallel and robust model fitting algorithm was used. The parameters of the model make it possible to classify the vessel and to draw attention to its stenosis, for example. The algorithm was tested on both synthetic and real data. The core of the system is implemented as a set of separate ITK filters. It exploits all the advantages of the software architecture of the ITK framework (object-oriented design, parallel and stream data processing, multiplatform, reusable components). The user friendliness is ensured by the...
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Measurement and analysis of the blood flow in peripheral vessels by ultrasound Doppler methods
Lepš, Milan ; Sedlář, Martin (referee) ; Vlk, Daniel (advisor)
Nowadays, the Doppler ultrasonography is an essential part in medicine. With it, we can observe acoustic showoff some tissue associated with Doppler measurement of blood flow parameters. It is still using Doppler devices with a continuous signal which are although structurally and technically simpler, but they are suitable for measuring the speed and volume of blood flow in peripheral blood vessels of the upper and lower limbs. There are calculated physiological parameters from the flow curves that are clinically used for assessing the state of blood supply to the body part. We can determine many values from the flow curves, like peripheral resistance, blood flow in systole and diastole, medium speed, etc. Study group of people are male and female students from 18 to 20 years. Doppler measurements have been performed before physical exercise and after physical exercise.
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