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Conservation genetics of the grey wolf in Central Europe
Valentová, Kamila Anna ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Galov, Ana (referee)
Conservation genetics of the grey wolf in Czech Republic and adjacent regions is studied in the present thesis. Analyses of twenty-one microsatellite loci, one sex-determining amelogenin gene and mitochodrial control region were used to verify species determination, identify individuals and estimate relationships between them, analyse population structure and estimate demographic trends based on samples collected between 2014 and 2021. Genetic detection of red fox and dog samples incorrectly assigned to wolves illustrates the hurdles of field monitoring of grey wolf. Direct evidence for the occurrence of F1 hybrids was not found. Wolves from Bohemia showed lower values of allelic richness in comparison to the ones from Western Carpathians, probably as a consequence of recent expansion. Geographic distances between detection sites of identical individuals were relatively small or moderate in this study, suggesting regular movements of animals within their home ranges. Only two long-distance dispersal events exceeding 300 km were detected. Results of parental analysis provided evidence of pack distribution within the studied area. Most relationships were detected between wolves in the northern region of Czech Republic where the first recolonizing wolf pack in 2014 was registered. Within the studied...
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Population genetics of grey wolf in Western Carpathians
Veselovská, Lenka ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Suchomel, Josef (referee)
The grey wolf is a top predator that plays a keystone role in maintaining the ecological balance of forested habitats. This master thesis focuses on the population structure and demography of the grey wolves in Slovakia, using data collected over two winter seasons between 2017 and 2019. Special attention is directed to the Western Carpathians. In Slovakia, the range of the wolf may cover up to 60% of the whole area. The population size and structure of grey wolves are influenced by both natural factors, such as mountain ranges isolation and dispersal, and anthropogenic influences, such as population fragmentation caused by linear infrastructure and increased mortality from traffic collisions. Additionally, the annual culling quotas for grey wolves have had an impact on their populations until recently. Mainly a non-invasive genetics approach utilizing selected 10 nuclear microsatellite markers, a marker for sex detection and mitochondrial sequences was used. Firstly, the species determination was verified and data quality filtering was carried out under statistical control. The sex ratio of the examined sample was 1:1,3. Mitochondrial data were assigned to haplotypes to help infer population origin. Bayesian clustering analysis of microsatellite data using the STRUCTURE program was used to...
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Grey wolf in the magazine Myslivost
Grosser, Dominik ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis deals with the tension between the hunting perspective and strict protection of the grey wolf in the context of the Czech Republic. Within the theoretical part, I construct an understanding of hunting from historical and contemporary practical perspectives, discuss its "traditional" conception, present the naturalistic arguments for the return of the wolf, its current distribution, legal protection and the obstacles that may hinder its return. At the same time, I further problematize the conflict between the return among local people and the discourse of strict wolf protection, in which elements of power asymmetry, based on foreign literature, stand out due to the imposition of dominant and hegemonic protection within the public space. With these assumptions in mind, I enter the subsequent critical discursive analysis of the journal Myslivost, published by the Czech- Moravian Hunting Union. For my work, I set out to unravel the modes of representation through which the Myslivost magazine constructs the social reality of the grey wolf, while also analysing the ideologue(s) that underpin and enable the legitimisation of the discourse in question. On the basis of my analysis, I find that the wolf is represented within Myslivost magazine primarily as a "mongrel" and "artificially released"...
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Bohemian wolf, evil or salvation? The view of key actors on the return of the wolf to Šumava
Baborová, Hana ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Novotná, Hedvika (referee)
Introduced diploma thesis deals with the research of the attitudes of individuals affected by the issue of wolfs returning to the National Park. Opinions were obtained through interviews and questionnaire survey. Results were also compared with previous research called Transboundary Socio-economic Monitoring Scheme in the and Bavarian Forest Mts. which also deals in part with the issue of the wolf. The work thus describes the development of public attitude over time. The aim of the work is to provide insight into local issues, describe the attitudes of individuals and define the factors that affect different views. The theoretical part describes the studied area and the beast, as well as its impact on the landscape, biodiversity and man. The practical part focuses on the specific attitudes of stakeholders, from which it derives hypotheses for the questionnaire survey. In conclusion I have evaluated the outlined goals of the work using combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods. Key words National park Gray wolf, return of the canine, view of acters, changes of perception
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Population structure of the gray wolf (Canis lupus)
Říhová, Jana ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Pivnička, Karel (referee)
Gray wolf (Canis lupus), is historicaly the most widespread carnivore with the former range including most of the northern hemisphere. The ambivalent relationship of humans to this predator resulted in extermination of this species in many areas, on the other hand led to the evolution of the dog, unique domesticant with vast phenotypic variation. The effort of conservation biology in last decades resulted in the shift of perception the role of big carnivores in ecosystems, with consequent recolonization of many regions by wolf, including the Czech republic. This changes brings the elevation of interest in this taxon by both experts and laymans. Present review aims to assemble published information regarding distribution, phylogeography, population structure, social and spatial behaviour of the gray wolf. The chapters describing the domestication process of the dog and hybridization with his wild ancestor are included.
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Vocal accommodation in howling of grey wolf (Canis lupus)
Schindlerová, Loretta ; Schneiderová, Irena (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
Vocal accommodation is the adjustment made by interlocutors while communicating, such as the adjustment of vocal pitch (i.e. the fundamental frequency) to match that of the other speaker. This behaviour can strengthen social bonds and has been predominantly studied in humans but recently also in the field of animal communication. Wolves are highly social animals and their howls - solos, duets, and choruses - are rich in information, yet vocal accommodation has not been studied in this species. Using a number of approaches, we explore whether grey wolves (Canis lupus) vocally accommodate to other wolves in duet howls by altering their howl contours to either converge to or diverge from another wolf's howl. To this aim we assessed the differences in the variables of the fundamental frequency and the contour of fundamental frequency using linear mixed models, Euclidean distance and dynamic time warping as metrics. Of the multiple analyses that we performed, one analysis identified significant differences between solo and duet howls, while another analysis indicated that duet howls within dyads were more similar than duet howls from different dyads. Our results point to the need for further exploration of the sources of variability and the role of context in order to confirm the existence of vocal...
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Conservation genetics of grey wolf and snow leopard: effect of landscape attributes to the population structure
Benešová, Markéta ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Kreisinger, Jakub (referee)
Landscape genetic approaches allow to study effects of landscape to population microevolution. Landscape can influence gene flow even in large carnivores with good dispersal ability. Understanding the influence of landscape to the gene flow between populations is crucial for species conservation, especially in the species with low population densities. Aim of the study was to describe genetic structure of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) and snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in selected areas and to determine the influence of the landscape features on observed structure. Non-invasive genetic samples of snow leopard from Nepal were analysed, as well as invasive and non-invasive samples of grey wolf from Central Europe. Population structure was determined a posteriori using Bayesian clustering approaches that integrate genetic and geographical data, and compared to landscape connectivity models. Population structure of snow leopards is mostly influenced by human presence and presence of frequented roads, which represent a substantial dispersal barrier. Habitat suitable for this species is greatly restricted by altitude, however, during dispersal they are able to overcome areas with higher elevation than what is optimal for them. Pronounced genetic difference was found between central European and Carpathian...
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Conservation genetics of the grey wolf in Central Europe
Valentová, Kamila Anna ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Galov, Ana (referee)
Conservation genetics of the grey wolf in Czech Republic and adjacent regions is studied in the present thesis. Analyses of twenty-one microsatellite loci, one sex-determining amelogenin gene and mitochodrial control region were used to verify species determination, identify individuals and estimate relationships between them, analyse population structure and estimate demographic trends based on samples collected between 2014 and 2021. Genetic detection of red fox and dog samples incorrectly assigned to wolves illustrates the hurdles of field monitoring of grey wolf. Direct evidence for the occurrence of F1 hybrids was not found. Wolves from Bohemia showed lower values of allelic richness in comparison to the ones from Western Carpathians, probably as a consequence of recent expansion. Geographic distances between detection sites of identical individuals were relatively small or moderate in this study, suggesting regular movements of animals within their home ranges. Only two long-distance dispersal events exceeding 300 km were detected. Results of parental analysis provided evidence of pack distribution within the studied area. Most relationships were detected between wolves in the northern region of Czech Republic where the first recolonizing wolf pack in 2014 was registered. Within the studied...
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