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The Issue of Will in Descartes
Havrdová, Viktorie ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
This Bachelor's paper examines the conception of will in René Descartes in a theoretical way. The paper contains interpretaions of his Meditations on First Philosophy, Principles of Philosophy and Passions of the Soul with a focus on the issue of will, with the support of secondary literature. The first part of the paper briefly illustrates the role of the will in Descartes' philosophy. The second part deals with the concept of the will as a mode of our mind, which is especially described by Descartes in the Fouth Meditation. The third part presents the concept of the will as a tool of control over the passions of the human soul. In this part mainly the last Descartes' work Passions of the Soul is examined. The paper provides a basic comprehensive overview of Descartes' knowledge on the topic of the free will, which is gathered and interpreted in it.
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Mistake in civil law
Havlín, Tomáš ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
(Mistake in civil law) The submitted diploma thesis deals with the problematic of mistake in civil law as a form of vitiated consent. Pivotal provisions are present in § 583-585 of the act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil law. In the introduction of the thesis we can find general issues of legal action, with more detailed description of will, its characteristics, manifestation of the will and their relation to each other, as these essentials of legal actions are instrumental for the purpose of this thesis. Next chapter focuses on the main issue, mistake as it defines it in two separate ways, that is discrepancy between the genuine will of the acting person and manifestation of the will, secondly as a defect of the will. Main focus of the thesis lies within the latter case, discrepancy between genuine will of the acting person is only mentioned briefly. Afterwards the thesis focuses on different types of mistake as corresponding to the provisions in the act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil law. Special focus is put on the term decisive circumstance, necessity of participation of other party and excusable mistake, as well as extract about the mistake induced by deception. Following chapter is centred around subsidiary circumstance and how to distinguish it from a decisive one. Afterwards the thesis mentions other...
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F. Nietzches and A. Schopenhauers Philosophy of Music
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis deals with the problem phenomenon of music in the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. What place does the music occupy in their philosophy, how they understood it and defined it? These are the main issues that are gradually discussed and answered. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part of the thesis deals with Schopenhauer's concept of music, the second part is about Nietzsche's concept, and the third part is an assessment of the differences of their opinions of the issue of will as music. There is also a practical part in the thesis, namely the analysis of Nietzsche's early musical composition. I also refer to the personality of the composer Richard Wagner, who was influenced by both philosophers and vice versa. At the end of the thesis I evaluate and summarize whether the aim of the thesis was fulfilled and if it answered the aforesaid questions.
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In the Beginning was a Relationship - Man as a Being of Relationship
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Vlasta
The Bachelor Thesis on its theoretical level deals with a human as the relational being. With reference to psychological and theological resources, it describes and analyses interpersonal close relationships, the relationship within the Holy Trinity and finally the relationship of a human to God, to other people and to him/herself on the level of reason and love. The thesis tries to deal with interconnection of the terms person and personality on the level of human "self", will, reason and love.
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Human Nature in St. Augustine
Šavel, Tibor ; Vopřada, David (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
The thesis deals with St. Augustineś concept of human nature from the anthropological perspective and in its relation to Godś grace. It is based on a detailed description of the period in which St. Augustine lived; both in terms of a school of thoughts of educated classes of the Roman Empire and in terms of general relations among people of that era. This matter becomes more apparent in a polemic with other contemporary concepts about mans salvation.
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Schopenhauer's View of Human
Najman, Jiří ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
7 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to clear up the role of human in Schopenhauer's philosophical thinking. This goal could have been achieved only by clarifying the world's metaphysical substance. This substance proved to be the cruel will that manifests itself through the platonic ideas. It was shown that each human being is part of this eternal substance. Intellect, as explained in the thesis, is primarily mere instrument of the will designed to deliver motives. For this reason, the majority of people in different ways continually keep satisfying thein needs, therefore almost everyone enjoys the opinion of will affirmation. People constantly succumb to disilusion, which proved to be egoism. Therefore, what appears to be the greatest good for most of us is actually only good for the evil substance. Blind will plays with us so fraudulent and truly perverse game that most of us can never win. However, I have pointed out that there were some individuals who had been endowed by excessively developed intellect power. Only this paradoxically almost unnaturally developed power of intellect can lead to knowledge that the blind will in its game with people plays unfairly. I also presented three groups of people who are capable of that kind of knowledge. The first group are genius people who can plunge into a...
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Problem of Grace in St. Augustin
Spiegelová, Veronika ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with St. Augustine and his theology of grace. It briefly introduces the context of Augustine's philosophy, explains the basic terms, and mainly focuses on the interpretation of Augustine's study of grace. It first analyses the thoughts and ideas of Saint Paul, the Apostle, which are relevant to the subject. Then it moves on to explaining the continuous development of Augustine's study of grace: how it is portrayed in his early works, the way in which it developed in his argument with Pelagius, and finally it introduces Augustine's most radical idea - the concept of predestination from his work To Simplician. The last part of the thesis covers the corresponding topic of love, specifically the love of neighbour, as it is discussed by Hannah Arendth in her work Love and Saint Augustine.
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