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The Body of the Other: The Phenomenology of Intersubjectivity
Krejcar, Václav ; Zika, Richard (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
In my diploma thesis I deal with the topic of experience of another person from the phenomenological philosophical point of view. The two major motives of my diploma thesis are: the revelation of the shift in thinking of Edmund Husserl in the phenomenology of intersubjectivity and showing that Merleau-Ponty went way beyond Husserls thinking. In the first chapter I clarify what Husserls term 'empathy' meant in his Cartesian Meditations and how this conception follows the theory of Theodor Lipps. Then I explaine Husserls thinking of intersubjectivity from the book Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy - Second Book. In the third chapter I describe the phenomenology of intersubjectivity in the work of Merleau-Ponty. The fourth chapter is an interpretation and subsequent comparison of both authors. My main aim is to show that Merleau-Pontys comprehension of 'intercorporeity' surpasses Husserls conception of intersubjectivity. The final chapter displays the critical thinking of my opinion according to Zahavis interpretation of Merleau-Pontys philosophy, from Husserl and Transcendental Intersubjectivity. In this diploma thesis I bring the analysis of one source of thinking about the experience of another person to an end. I have accomplished the imaginary circle...
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Dynamics of Everyday Life in Dialogue with Emmanuel Lévinas
Jandová, Tereza ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this research is to look at the topic of everyday life from a dynamic perspective. The definition of everyday life that this thesis stands upon, i.e. the presence of a subject in the world with the other(s) outlines also two main sources of its dynamics: the world and the other. The essential aim of this thesis is to show that the different attitudes towards the world and the other in the works of Husserl and Lévinas consequently influence the understanding of the everyday life as such, as well as the requirements it imposes upon the subject. The chapter dedicated to Husserl presents his concept of the world as a horizon, the irreplaceable position of perception in our access to the world and the creation of the other within the subject itself. On the contrary, Lévinas stresses the separation of the subject and he understands the world and the other as inherently belonging to this never-ending process. The motive of dependence and responsibility of the subject for the other belongs to the most significant differences between the two philosophers. Whereas Husserl proposes us a subject in the world which he accesses via perception and in which he encounters the other, Lévinas shows us subject that is born to the pre-reflexive and intersubjective world from which he first has to...
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Conception of the Other in the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Levinas
Tlapa, Tomáš ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a philosophical interpretation of the problem of intersubjectivity in the work of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980) and Emmanuel Levinas (1906 - 1995). In the first part, it deals with the conception of the Other in the Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness and analyzes (after a brief introduction to Sartre's philosophy) concrete aspects of Sartre's theory of intersubjectivity. This part ends with a critique of Sartre's theory, which enable us to interpret the Levinas's theory as an alternative conception of intersubjektivity. The analysis in the second part is based on the Levinas's book Totality and infinity. The final part sums up the main differences of both conceptions. Key words: intersubjectivity, the Other, existence, freedom, ethics, Sartre, Levinas
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Body of the other. The erotics as learning content in Art education
Ondřichová, Petra ; Jakubcová Hajdušková, Lucie (advisor) ; Kornatovský, Jiří (referee)
The thesis titled "The body of the other. The erotics as learning content in Art education." have character of an exploration probe. It focuses on erotism in environment of educational institutions. This work deals with the body and its erotic contents in art education. It seeks to clarify the concept of erotica. This work seeks various overhangs of erotica into philosophy, advertising, school, personal and public life. This thesis is linked to the teaching of erotic theme and with the issues of integration of eroticism in lessons of art education. The aim is to determine how are the children / students on this topic sensitive. All the text is supplemented by authentic testimonies of students, teachers and parents related to the topic of erotica in school.
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The Relationship Between Ethics and Faith in Søren Kierkegaard and Emmanuel Lévinas
Šolarová, Anna ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "The Relationship Between Ethics and Faith in Sren Kierkegaard and Emmanuel Lévinas " deals with the relationship of an individual to other human beings and his or her relationship to God, or transcendence. It closely examines mutual dependence of the two relationships and their existential implications for the individual, who vainly seeks selfunderstanding and self-fulfillment in the temporality and finiteness of the world. While Kierkegaardian ethics is subordinated to the absolute claim of faith, Lévinas ascribes absolute authority to ethics. Kierkegaard's "teleological suspension of the ethical" is particularly problematic and Lévinas rejects this notion as immoral. However, the confrontation of their conflicting views reveals numerous analogies and commonalities, which are discussed in more detail below. Both thinkers resist the all-embracing concepts of the Western thought and emhasize the importance of relationship to transcendence, which relates the individual to a higher reality and frees him or her from restraining selfishness of being. The thesis includes Lévinas's objections to Kierkegaard's philosophy and suggests an answer to this critique that the Danish thinker might offer. The connection between duty (ethical or religious) and personal freedom is a recurring theme...
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Word That Matters. Humanity and Ethics in the Thought of Emmanuel Lévinas
Vik, Dalibor ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee) ; Altrichter, Michal (referee)
In five chapters, this thesis traces the question of humanity in the thought of the French philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas, mainly in his works De l'évasion (1935), De l'existence à l'existant (1947), Totalité et infini (1961) and Éthique comme philosophie première (1982), which represent various stages of his philosophical development. It offers an exposition of Lévinas's most original concepts, follows their development and sketches their parallel and/or polemic concepts in the European thought, placing them within the context of Lévinas's life-work. For Lévinas, the question of humanity appears as a transpostition of the question of God, who can not become an object of rational inquiry. In conclusion, the question of humanity becomes the theological issue par excellence. This study tries to show how theology can draw inspiration from Lévinas's concepts in various manners: (1) methodology: Lévinas shows what happens to our thought when we follow the principle Sein-lassen in questionning God and when we take this principle as a basis of our theological research; (2) re-thinking: Lévinas offers a critical revision of traditional theological concepts and endows them with existential meaning, (3) marginalized phenomena: Lévinas thoroughly analyzes phenomena, which has been neglected or marginalized by the...
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Relationship between "Ich" and "Der andere" in Améry's "Hand an sich legen"
Straková, Zuzana ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) This thesis deals with the relationship between The Self and The Other as presented in the works of Jean Améry, especially in his book about suicide. To think about the relationship between these two agents means also to think about freedom, humanity, the right to life, and the right to voluntary death. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the definitions of the relevant concepts; the second part reflects on the concept of voluntary death. It is precisely the voluntary death that can be the most radical result of the culmination of misunderstanding between The Self and The Other. For voluntary death is not only a decision not to live at this time and place but also a decision to leave this society, the others. According to Améry, the decision to commit suicide is a free, natural, and humane act. By saying that suicide is a free act Améry argues against the deterministic teachings of psychologists. Améry believes that voluntary death is a natural response to inhuman, humiliating, or for any other reason unacceptable life conditions. He thinks that voluntary death is also a humane act, as it gives men the opportunity to stop existing when there is a threat to their existence as human beings, for example when they get dehumanized like a muselman in a concentration camp. In the...
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The Other Between Phenomenon and Dialogue
ALBRECHT, David
The thesis is concerned with the matter of intersubjectivity, traditionally called as ?a question of the other minds?. The new approach in this area was brought mainly by two philosophical movements: by phenomenology and by dialogical personalism. They both reacted to each other in this point, and their reflexions upon this matter resulted in very outstanding discoveries, with influence untill nowadays. Thesis introduces the concept of the Other in each of both mentioned traditions, simultaneously tries to grasp surprisingly similar result of philosofical analysis in different traditions, and also tries to stress the primacy of ethics in historical development of both traditions as a place of meeting of (the other) minds.
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