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Comparative Study of Body Composition of Military Program Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, in 2015 and 2024.
Novotný, Lukáš ; Oláh, Vladan (advisor) ; Michalička, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Comparative Study of Body Composition of Military Program Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, in 2015 and 2024. Objective: The aim of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the body profile (body composition) of the students of the Military Department of the UK FTVS in Prague from the year 2024 and to compare it with the body profile of the students from the year 2015. Method: This work was theoretical and empirical in nature. The research population consisted of 22 students (22.0 ± 2.0 years, 182.2 ± 7.4 cm 79.0 ± 9.8 kg) of the Military Department at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University, who were measured in the summer semester 2023/2024. The obtained data were merged with the measured values from 2015 and then descriptively and statistically analyzed in the JASP program (0.18.3.). Shapiro-wilk test was performed to determine the normality of the data and analysis of variance of the measurements was also performed using independent t test at the level of statistical significance at α=0.05. Results: It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of BMI (p = 0.994), fat (p = 0.102) and muscle (p = 0.886) mass measured in military students at UK FTVS in Prague in 2024...
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Bioimpedance measurement
Pagáčová, Lenka ; Balogh, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
The work deals with the body analysis using bioimpedance. The work included theory about bioimpedance and methods associated with the analysis. In the practical part is design of the device for measuring body composition including a software for the microcontroller. The assembled device was tested and compared with commercial product Tanita.
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Comparison of a standard adult non-athlete diet and a diet of an athlete in preparation for bikini fitness competitions
Jakubičková, Tereza ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráková Doležalová, Radka (referee)
Title: Comparison of a standard adult non-athlete diet with a diet of athlete in preparation for bikini fitness competitions Aim of the thesis: The primary goal of this bachelor's thesis was to compare the differences between the regular diet of adult non-athletes and the pre-competition diet of female athletes who are preparing for bikini fitness competitions. The aim of the work was to analyze the individual differences between the diets, with the help of calculations of the total daily energy intake of the respondents, the amount of macronutrients, simple sugars and fiber in their diet, a comparison of the daily drinking regime, subsequent entry into graphs and a visual comparison of the diets. The secondary goal of this work was to acquaint the reader with the nature of the pre-race diet, its principle and its effect on the change in the body composition of the female athlete during the pre-race preparation. This work also aimed to present the effect of a precisely set and strictly observed diet, thanks to which a significant change in body composition can be achieved. Readers of this work will, among other things, learn about various dietary methods for reducing body fat and at the same time for preserving muscle mass during a caloric deficit. Methods: The work was carried out in the form of a...
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Body composition changes during ontogenesis in youth football
Lukavský, Jakub ; Malá, Lucia (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Body composition changes during ontogenesis in youth football Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify and compare changes in body composition during ontogenesis in youth categories in football. Methods: Due to our work, a research group was created, which included 4 different age categories. It was a category U12 - U15. U12 (n = 15), U13 (n = 18), U14 (n = 19), U15 (n = 16). He is a player of an elite Czech club. The selection of probands and age categories was intentional. Body composition measurements were performed with a multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (Tanita MC-980MA, Tanita Corporation, Japan). The biological age was estimated as follows. The equations of Mirwald et al. (2002). Y: -9.236+(0.0002708*Leg Length and Sitting height interaction) - (0.001663*Age and Leg Length interaction) (0.007216 Age and Sitting Height interaction) + (0.02292*Weight by Height ratio). The players were divided into two groups according to the degree of maturity (before 1, circa 2 (PHV)). Group 1 included players from (> -1 before PHV) and group 2 - circa PHV (-1, +1). Results: The changes in the basic somatometric indicators - body weight and body height were as follows. Body weight: U12 (38.2 kg), U13 (41.4 kg) + 8%, U14 (46 kg) + 11%, U15 (55.1 kg) + 20%. Body height: U12 (148.4 cm), U13...
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Impact of load on cognitive level in decision-making processes in selected sport game
Soukup, Vojtěch ; Perič, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: The influence of physical load on the level of cognition and decision-making processes in a selected sports game Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find out level of changes in cognition and decision-making processes after physical load.and how level of these changes differ between more and less skilled athletes. Methods: Result evaluation was done via descriptive statistics (average result of research group, standard deviation) and t-test paired two sample for means. Results: Research group was made of 18 probands (floorball players), whose ages were between eighteen and twenty seven years. All probands performed diagnostics in virtual reality consisting of five skill tests. First diagnostics was performed before physical load and second diagnostics after physical load. The physical load took the form of the vita maxima spiroergometric test. In case of avarage changes in cognitive functions after physical load, players accomplished following outcomes: recognition time (ms) -2.1±235.8 reaction time (ms) -87.7±148.1, release time (ms) 40.5±218.9, player tracking (%) 8.7±17.3. In case of avarage changes in cognitive functions after physical load due to skill level of players, national team players accomplished following outcomes: recognition time (ms) -125.1±252, reaction time (ms)...
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Prognostic Siginificance of Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Kozlova, Marina ; Brůha, Radan (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and has a significant negative effect on the clinical outcome and prognosis of patients. Sarcopenia is manifested by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle strength and overall physical performance. X-ray examination is the most accurate method in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, but it is unknown to what extent the prognosis of liver cirrhosis can be predicted by non-invasive and broadly available anthropometric measurements and functional tests combined with the analysis of routine laboratory data. The aim of the work is to find factors related to the severity of liver cirrhosis, the occurrence of complications and survival of patients with a focus on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: The observational study included 20 patients of the IV. Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague (VFN) - Clinics of Gastroenterology and Hepatology diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. The progress of cirrhosis was assessed with MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Patients were examined twice, once during hospitalization and 3 months later. Functional tests of hand grip strength, chair stand test, NCT test and quality of life questionnaire were performed. Other measurements included...
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The decline in skeletal muscle mass - sarcopenia in seniors
KADEŘÁBKOVÁ, Hana
As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.
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The decline in skeletal muscle mass - sarcopenia in seniors
KADEŘÁBKOVÁ, Hana
As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.
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The level of selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength in sporting youth in the Czech Republic
Bednaříková, Anna ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Chrudimský, Jan (referee)
Title: The level of selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength in sporting youth in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out differences in selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength of sports youth in four selected regions of the Czech Republic. Methods: 1188 children participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from the sports festival for children Sporťáček in these selected regions: Prague, South Moravian Region, West Bohemian Region, and South Bohemian Region. Results: The average age of the study population was 8.8 (2.7) years. There were 51% of girls in this survey. The largest representation was in the South Moravian Region (38.8%), Prague was the second largest region represented by 37.5%. Conclusions: Selected indicators of body composition as well as handgrip strength differed statistically significantly only slightly across the selected regions. Key words: body composition, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass
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Influence of nutrition stereotype on body composition - body weight, body fat, muscle mass and body water.
Lichnovský, Miroslav ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Influence of nutrition stereotyps on body composition - body weight, body fat, muscle mass and body water. Objectives: The aim of this work is to influence changes in body composition in women of various ages, body weight, occupation and movement regime. By adjusting eating habits reduce the amount of body fat while maintaining muscle mass. Methods Basic dietary recommendations for the ratio of macro-nutrients and time aspects of food intake according to the general body weight reduction recommendation. The bioimpedance method is used for assessment of body composition and selected circuits are evaluated at the same time. Based on this data, an individual diet plan was developed for each woman and the dietary effect was continuously evaluated. The study involved six women. Four overweight and obesity weighing 92 ± 17 kg and BMI 35 ± 4 kg/ . Two with a normal weight of 60 ± 2 kg and a BMI of 22.5 ± 0.5 kg/ Average age of women 40 ± 15 years. Results: After the individual diet was applied for three months, we found significant changes in women with higher body weight. They reduced body weight by 6 ± 1 kg and body fat by 5 ± 1 kg. In addition, these persons reduced the waist circumference by 5 ± 2 cm and the hips by 4 ± 2 cm. For the remaining two subjects with normal body weight, we did not...
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