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Effect of acute sleep deprivation in different light conditions on the quality of recovery sleep
Zeithamlová, Barbora ; Kopřivová, Jana (advisor) ; Vlček, Kamil (referee)
Sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes. The circadian process is controlled by the internal biological clock, which is regularly synchronised with the external world by so-called zeitgebers. The most important zeitgeber for humans is light, therefore incorrect timing of light signals can lead to desynchronisation of the clock and sleep disruption; however, this depends on the intensity and spectral characteristics of the light. Dimmed red light is unlikely to significantly interfere with sleep regulation, but white light with a higher intensity could. White light is typically used when people stay awake during the night and experience acute total sleep deprivation. This could potentially interfere with the compensatory mechanisms occurring during subsequent recovery sleep. We therefore decided to test whether and how different lighting conditions during sleep deprivation can affect the structure of recovery sleep. We had 12 healthy uniform volunteers undergo two acute total sleep deprivations; one under normal white light, the other under dim red light. Using polysomnography, we measured the sleep parameters of both recovery sleeps and compared them. It turned out that sleep that occurred after the sleep deprivation in constant dim light conditions was less fragmented, had...
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The effect of sleep on muscle hypertrophy
Toušková, Barbora ; Skálová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Sleep represents one of the fundamental aspects of human life and health, influencing many physiological functions including muscle hypertrophy. Sleep is regulated by various external and internal stimuli, such as the circadian rhythm, body temperature, gene expression, and the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters such as melatonin and adenosine. Muscle hypertrophy is a complex process of enlarging muscle fibers, which is associated with numerous metabolic processes and signaling pathways, including the IGF-1-PI3K-Akt- mTOR axis, and is regulated by hormones such as testosterone, GH, myostatin, and activin. Most of these hypertrophic factors are closely linked to quality and sufficient duration of sleep. Sleep deprivation negatively affects almost all processes involved in muscle hypertrophy and, in the long term, leads to muscle loss instead. Key words: Sleep, circadian rhythm, melatonin, muscle hypertrophy, Akt, mTOR, sleep deprivation
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The effect of sleep on the psychological functions of adolescents
Kaňková, Zuzana ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Blahna, Karel (referee)
The quality of sleep is one of the main factors for the homeostasis of the body, the functioning of the brain and therefore the psychological functions of the individual. Sleep undergoes various changes during life. Significant sleep changes can be observed in adolescents. During this developmental period, there is a shift in circadian preferences towards a later chronotype, which is often in conflict with the demands of functioning in everyday life (for example waking up to school). Because of that this group is highly vulnerable to chronic sleep restriction and associated sleep deprivation, which can lead to many pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of partial sleep deprivation on cognitive function and emotional regulation in adolescents. The study involved 59 adolescents aged 14 to 21 years, 30 of them were exposed to partial sleep deprivation (4 hours/night) and 29 of them slept normally (8 ± 1 hours/night). The day after instructed sleep/sleep deprivation, participants completed an experimental battery of cognitive tests. The study found that adolescents after one night of partial sleep deprivation showed greater levels of subjective sleepiness than their peers after a night of normal sleep. This effect of sleep deprivation was stronger in girls than in boys. Also...
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Microstates analysis in EEG data of sleep-deprived subjects
Křápková, Monika ; Koudelka, Vlastimil (referee) ; Lamoš, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the processing and analysis of EEG data in sleep deprived subjects. In the theoretical part, the electroencephalography method is presented first. Further, there are possibilities of preprocessing and analysis of EEG data, introduction to statistics, and the last one is a research on the influence of sleep deprivation on human electrophysiology. The practical part consists of the preprocessing of EEG data, EEG microstates analysis and statistical evaluation of the results from the study of sleep deprivation. Finally, the results of this part are discussed in a separate chapter.
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Automated diagnosis of sleep disorders using wearable devices
Sigmund, Jan ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulec, Marek (advisor)
Sleep disorders induce many negative repercussions. Furthermore, research about their connection to cognitive health is increasing in numbers. This thesis concerns detection of poor sleep quality via raw actigraphy data. Existing method for assessing sleep was selected, it’s performance was validated against polysomnography on 27 patients. Used algorithm defines sleep as the absence of change in arm angle. Resulting 81 % sensitivity, 62 % specificity and 78 % accuracy is different from the outcome in the pilot study. Two approaches, to determine sleep quality were used. Both are based on comparing sleep features – first, with National Sleep Foundation recommendations and second, with control group without sleep disorders (7 persons). The goal was to pinpoint the remaining 19 patients with diagnosis. The recommendation for SOL, WASO, NA>5 and SE had higher sensitivity (75 %), lower specificity (71 %) and identical accuracy (74 %). These approaches were then also tested on 7-day actigraphy, consisting of 27 subjects, that are presumed to have prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies. Same principle was applied to try to predict LBD and thereby address the link between sleep quality and neurodegeneration. This resulted in 86 % sensitivity, 38 % specificity and 63 % accuracy. With regard to achieving solid sensitivity in all cases and good accuracy this could be used to indicate sleep quality.
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Influence of acute sleep deprivation on human postural stability
Klocová, Kateřina ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title: Influence of acute sleep deprivation on human postural stability Aim: This diploma thesis is aimed to objectively investigate the influence of acute sleep deprivation on human postural stability using dynamic computerized posturography. Methodology of thesis: 7 young and healthy women (n = 7), mean age 24 (± 0,77) were enrolled into this pilot study. These subjects were picked up on the basis of a preliminary questionnaire survey using the Czech validated version of MEQ questionnaire to meet the same (neutral) chronotype condition. During 24 h of continuous wakefulness all participants had to adhere to special regimen to avoid undesirable distortion of the results. Postural stability was measured before and after the therapeutic intervention using NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System. The obtained data were processed with use of Neurocom Balance Manager Software. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis, to evaluate clinical significance of the intervention Cohen's d was used. Results: The results confirm influence of 24-h sleep deprivation on human postural stability. After this time decreased sensory organization while maitaining balance was observed. However this fact has not been statistically significant. In case of automatic postural reactions, divergent data were obtained depending...
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Automated diagnosis of sleep disorders using wearable devices
Sigmund, Jan ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulec, Marek (advisor)
Sleep disorders induce many negative repercussions. Furthermore, research about their connection to cognitive health is increasing in numbers. This thesis concerns detection of poor sleep quality via raw actigraphy data. Existing method for assessing sleep was selected, it’s performance was validated against polysomnography on 27 patients. Used algorithm defines sleep as the absence of change in arm angle. Resulting 81 % sensitivity, 62 % specificity and 78 % accuracy is different from the outcome in the pilot study. Two approaches, to determine sleep quality were used. Both are based on comparing sleep features – first, with National Sleep Foundation recommendations and second, with control group without sleep disorders (7 persons). The goal was to pinpoint the remaining 19 patients with diagnosis. The recommendation for SOL, WASO, NA>5 and SE had higher sensitivity (75 %), lower specificity (71 %) and identical accuracy (74 %). These approaches were then also tested on 7-day actigraphy, consisting of 27 subjects, that are presumed to have prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies. Same principle was applied to try to predict LBD and thereby address the link between sleep quality and neurodegeneration. This resulted in 86 % sensitivity, 38 % specificity and 63 % accuracy. With regard to achieving solid sensitivity in all cases and good accuracy this could be used to indicate sleep quality.
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Circadian sleep regulation and sleep deprivation
Zeithamlová, Barbora ; Weissová, Kamila (advisor) ; Honzlová, Petra (referee)
The circadian system is designed to generate circadian rhythms and serve as the human inner clock. This is achieved through the molecular mechanism of autonomous transcriptional-translational feedback loops, in which so-called clock genes are involved. Circadian rhythms regulate the timing of physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep. Sleep is important for the proper functioning of the human organism. As a result of desynchronization of circadian rhythm, disturbances of sleep arise which threaten the mental and physical state of man. One of the examples is sleep deprivation which is deffined as a lack of necessary amount of sleep. Besides its negative effect on human health, there had been also reported positive effect in the treatment of symptoms in patients with unipolar depression. Other studies suggest that deprivation causes a reset of the circadian system, correcting the abnormal functioning of the internal clock. These effects have only a short duration, but it appears that they could be stabilized by combining sleep deprivation therapy with other therapeutic approaches. However, it is crucial to understand the exact mechanism that causes the positive effect in sleep deprivation therapy.
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The shift work like one those factors which affect nurser's and paramedics's the quality of life who work in intensive care of hospital facility
Kučera, David ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis: Shift operation as one of the factors influencing the quality of life of nurses and paramedics working in intensive care in a healthcare facility was to find out whether and to what extent shift performance affects the quality of sleep respondents and how the mentioned quality of sleep reflected in the overall quality of life of the survey participants. The bachelor thesis has a traditional structure. The theoretical part of the thesis contains a selection of knowledge related to the solved issue. Brief attention is paid to biorhythms, sleep, characteristics of shift operation, workload, stress, fatigue, etc. In the empirical part of the bachelor thesis are presented information about their own research and its main results. The survey was carried out in the form of a questionnaire (the questionnaire consisted of three standardized questionnaires supplemented by anamnestic social demographic data of the respondents). Questionnaires were submitted in three Prague hospitals. The sample examined had 114 respondents. The results of the survey are presented in large tabular overviews supplemented by commentary. The chapter discusses the results of their own work in relation to the previously established hypotheses and presents the results of 425 statistical analyzes. In...
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Microstates analysis in EEG data of sleep-deprived subjects
Křápková, Monika ; Koudelka, Vlastimil (referee) ; Lamoš, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the processing and analysis of EEG data in sleep deprived subjects. In the theoretical part, the electroencephalography method is presented first. Further, there are possibilities of preprocessing and analysis of EEG data, introduction to statistics, and the last one is a research on the influence of sleep deprivation on human electrophysiology. The practical part consists of the preprocessing of EEG data, EEG microstates analysis and statistical evaluation of the results from the study of sleep deprivation. Finally, the results of this part are discussed in a separate chapter.
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