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Differences in behavior and sociability depending on environmental enrichment in a rat model of autism
Tučková, Klára ; Petrásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
Autism spectrum disorders are among the most severe congenital neurodevelopmental disorders. Even though many known risk factors can induce ASD, the exact etiology is not known. This thesis focuses on different approaches to studying ASD in rodent models. The main goal of the experimental part of the thesis was to examine the manifestations of ASD in a rat genetic model of tuberous sclerosis (so-called Eker rat) and to determine the effect of different housing environments on autistic phenotype. The animals were studied for one year. We performed three series of behavioral tests at the age of 45, 90 and 365 days. Testing was focused on assessment of exploration, anxiety, and sociality. Our results showed that the activity in the open field was higher in young Eker rats. The anxiety displayed in the elevated plus maze was reduced in rats kept in an enriched environment. In social interaction, the enriched environment significantly increased self-grooming. We observed less complex self-grooming in Eker rats housed without environmental enrichment. Ultrasound communication varied significantly with age. We confirmed that the enriched environment had a significant effect on the behavior of rats, but we observed no strong differences in behavior caused by the Eker genotype. Key words: autism, Eker,...
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Everyday Life during social transformation: Sociability and Social Relations of inhabitants of the inner city in Brno and Ostrava
Mair, Jana ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vaishar, Antonín (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with everyday life in major cities during the post-socialist transformation in the Czech Republic. It aims to contribute to our understanding of the everyday life of the inhabitants of Brno and Ostrava during the period and to explain the impact of the post- socialist transformation on their lives and social relations. The results are based on extensive fieldwork (i.e., a questionnaire survey and structured interviews of the inhabitants of the inner cities) conducted in Brno and Ostrava in 2007-2009. The fieldwork was based on ethnographic work describing the sociability and social relations of the inhabitants of the inner cities, with an emphasis on kinship and neighbourly relations. During the post-socialist transformation, Brno and Ostrava underwent a variety of significant changes, ranging from industrial transformation to lifestyle adjustments. They had developed differently both during and prior to socialism. For example, Ostrava became focused mainly on heavy industry, while Brno had a more varied economic structure. Since 1989, these cities have continued to diverge. As for the attitudes of informants toward their lives in the inner cities, they varied greatly. As for sociability, both neighbourly relations and kinship form a mosaic of features, some of which were...
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Socializing processes during the child's adaptation in the kindergarten
Šafránková, Tereza ; Koťátková, Soňa (advisor) ; Opravilová, Eva (referee)
The dissertation is concerned with socializing processes of pre-school children around three years of age. The first theoretical part is globally concerned with personality socialization and highlights the significance of socialization in the healthy psychical progression of human beings, as well as the importance of understanding the problems of socialization for the pedagogical profession. This knowledge is specific and generalized in a situational context when the child comes to the kindergarten for the first time and gets slowly untied from the family, developing new relationships outside the family sphere. Socialization in the kindergarten is influenced by many internal and external factors. These factors matter if the child coming to the new kindergarten environment will incorporate to this society without any complications. If any complications appear during the incorporation, internal and external factors also influence the period how long they will last and also they influence the manner how the child will manage them as well. Adaptation programm can facilitate the entrance to the kindergarten for parents and their children. By means of this support programme, alongside the familiar person, children can gradually get acquainted with the new kindergarten environment even before the start of...
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Emotional Personality Characteristics and their Impact on the chosen Aspects of Communication in Organization
Bednářová, Monika ; Hiršová, Miloslava (advisor) ; Balgová, Dagmar (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out whether the emotional characteristics of a personality influence some chosen aspects of a communication in a specific organization. The emotional characteristics in the research are represented by an emotional intelligence. The studying of the emotional intelligence is based on its key components- sociability and emotional stability. The status of the communication is determined in terms of its content and relationship aspects. The research aims to monitor the presence of the individual components of the emotional intelligence at a selected workplace as well as the perceived quality of each component of communication; these facts are summarized and evaluated. Subsequently, relations between the components are evaluated. The necessary data for my research is obtained through a questionnaire survey in an organization X. The selection of the psychological methodologies (questionnaires) which is used to create a questionnaire, is described in the methodological procedure. The conclusion of this thesis includes summarized results, the most important findings as well as the recommendations for the organization X in which the research is carried out.
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Everyday Life during social transformation: Sociability and Social Relations of inhabitants of the inner city in Brno and Ostrava
Mair, Jana ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vaishar, Antonín (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with everyday life in major cities during the post-socialist transformation in the Czech Republic. It aims to contribute to our understanding of the everyday life of the inhabitants of Brno and Ostrava during the period and to explain the impact of the post- socialist transformation on their lives and social relations. The results are based on extensive fieldwork (i.e., a questionnaire survey and structured interviews of the inhabitants of the inner cities) conducted in Brno and Ostrava in 2007-2009. The fieldwork was based on ethnographic work describing the sociability and social relations of the inhabitants of the inner cities, with an emphasis on kinship and neighbourly relations. During the post-socialist transformation, Brno and Ostrava underwent a variety of significant changes, ranging from industrial transformation to lifestyle adjustments. They had developed differently both during and prior to socialism. For example, Ostrava became focused mainly on heavy industry, while Brno had a more varied economic structure. Since 1989, these cities have continued to diverge. As for the attitudes of informants toward their lives in the inner cities, they varied greatly. As for sociability, both neighbourly relations and kinship form a mosaic of features, some of which were...
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Pseudolongitudinal Research of Individual Sociability traits Pupils in Primary School
Novotná, Marie ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The submitted thesis is concerned with the research of individual distinctions of sociability of pupils through analysis of their social relations. The theoretical part deals with findings on general range of the concept of sociability, defines interindividual relations as a theoretical and empirical resource of the sociability research, characterizes the developmental period of early adolescence. The further part of the thesis briefly describes sociability of pupils from the view of basic psychical components, a special attention is focused on social emotional dispositions particularly on relations of temperamental dispositions with social behaviour and relations of peers. It is connected to socialization in the period of adolescence. The conclusion of the thesis deals with social relations at school. The empirical part represents pseudolongitudinal quantitative research, where first of all correlation between individual distinctions of sociability of pupils and extraversion was found out. Futher, it describes to what extent the ability of sociability varies in relation to gender, how social characteristics between genders are different. Considering the fact that it is a repeated questionaire research, it compares test results of the same model of respondents in a two - year time interval. Key...
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Research of Individual Behaviour of Pupils Sociability by Means of Analysis their Social Relationships
Novotná, Marie ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
The submitted thesis is concerned with the research of individual distinctions of sociability of pupils through analysis of their social relations. The theoretical part deals with findings on general range of the concept of sociability, defines interindividual relations as a theoretical and empirical resource of the sociability research, characterizes the developmental period of early adolescence. The further part of the thesis briefly describes sociability of pupils from the view of basic psychical components. It is connected to socialization and social relations at school. The empirical part represents quantitative research, where first of all "corelation" (relationship) between individual distinctions of sociability of pupils and extraversion was found out. Futher, it describes to what extent the ability of sociability varies in relation to gender, how social characteristics between genders are different.
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Socializing processes during the child's adaptation in the kindergarten
Šafránková, Tereza ; Koťátková, Soňa (advisor) ; Opravilová, Eva (referee)
The dissertation is concerned with socializing processes of pre-school children around three years of age. The first theoretical part is globally concerned with personality socialization and highlights the significance of socialization in the healthy psychical progression of human beings, as well as the importance of understanding the problems of socialization for the pedagogical profession. This knowledge is specific and generalized in a situational context when the child comes to the kindergarten for the first time and gets slowly untied from the family, developing new relationships outside the family sphere. Socialization in the kindergarten is influenced by many internal and external factors. These factors matter if the child coming to the new kindergarten environment will incorporate to this society without any complications. If any complications appear during the incorporation, internal and external factors also influence the period how long they will last and also they influence the manner how the child will manage them as well. Adaptation programm can facilitate the entrance to the kindergarten for parents and their children. By means of this support programme, alongside the familiar person, children can gradually get acquainted with the new kindergarten environment even before the start of...
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Activities fostering cooperative behaviour in pre-school children
BAKEŠOVÁ, Ivana
The diploma thesis presents a differentiation and description of various forms of interpersonal interaction with emphasis on cooperation and cooperative behaviour from the perspective of sociology, social psychology and psychology of personality. As the research is focused on preschool children, the characteristic traits of this age are specified, specific methods and forms suitable for the development of cooperative behaviour are described as well as the role of the teacher in this process. Moreover, the aim of fostering cooperative behaviour is linked to the educa?tional purpose outlined in FEP PE and Learning: The Treasure Within (four pillars of education). Furthermore, variables related to individual dispositions in respect to cooperative behaviour are briefly analysed. In the research section of the thesis, activities aiming at fostering cooperative behavior in preschool children are presented and evaluated based on their testing in a pre-school: whether/how they really worked in respect to eliciting cooperative behaviour in children.
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The role of personality in social interactions
NOVÁKOVÁ, Ivana
The aim of this study is to get together issues about animal personality and the way it is influenced by social environment. One part of this thesis is designing my own experiment, which is focused on the influence of social environment on mole-rat personality traits. This experiment will be done in masters degree.
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