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Psychoacoustical Measurement of Binaural Hearing Characteristics
Novotný, Ota ; Trzos, Michal (referee) ; Schimmel, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a binaural hearing issues (it means hearing by both of ears), a human hearing ability to locate position of a sound source at three-dimensional space and parameters that affect this ability. In the second part, it focuses on psychoacoustic experiment, its main features and errors that can occur and which affect a results credibility. Method of pair comparisons is described more closely here. The last part of this thesis describes a technical solution of experiment in Java environment. The application should have a graphical interface and should be able to register a new user and perform a psychoacoustical experiment. The process of experiment is following. The aplication selects a random position of defined virtual sound source on the defined range and it plays this sound into headphones on button click. The users task is to set the application controls, representing a virtual sound source position, that way, where the user hear the sound come from. On another button click the application plays the same sound, but this sound comes from application controls set position (set by user). User compares this pair of sounds and modifies the position of second sound source until these two positions are same. The application stores these results for later processing on another button click. Principles of generating testing sound sources (sine wave, narrowband noise and sound file with wav extension) and their 3D positioning by measured head model impulse responses correlation are described thereinafter. An ability of human hearing system to locate a virtual sound source in dependence on sound parameters is discussed in conclusion.
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The effect of hearing on standing stability
Pavlová, Monika ; Kučerová, Klára (advisor) ; Koutná, Sára (referee)
Standing stability is ensured by informations from the sensory systems, which include the vestibular system, vision, proprioception and hearing. The role of hearing is often neglected. This work aims to determine whether hearing plays a role in maintaining standing stability. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis summarizes the existing knowledge about the auditory system. It deals with other systems that affect standing stability and, last but not least, tries to summarize the results of research into the effect of hearing on standing stability. The experimental part consists of the evaluation of stabilometric testing of 16 healthy probands (8 women and 8 men) using sound stimulation. Probands were tested in two measurements with an interval of at least 1 week. First in 10 conditions without sound stimulation. Then using sound stimulation, always in the same position - standing with closed eyes on a soft surface. The sound stimulation consisted of the following recordings: a spoken word that the proband understands (weather forecast in Czech language), elimination of auditory inputs with earplugs, stimulation with white noise, a spoken word that the proband does not understand (Chinese or Finnish) and a message with content the the proband was asked about after the measurement was finished...
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The attitude of today's world to hearing impaired people
GRABMÜLLEROVÁ, Markéta
The main purpose of this work is to show the mindset about hearing impaired people mainly in the Czech republic in 21. century. To show the difference between accepting hearing impaired people through the history and in todays society. This work includes the differences between states like Germany, Norway and United Kingdom and czech society. Also I am writing about the possibilities that our society has created to help hearing impaired people hear again or improve their hearing and how it is making it easier for hearing impaired people to be part of our society. My work is divided to two sections. The teoretical part, where I discribed the history. I discribed some of the medical and technological divices which is made for hearing impaired people. Then I also mentioned in my theses the problems with integration and inclusion. And of course I am looking for support in our laws and their realizations. In the second part, the practical one, I focused on the proves. Those I am looking for through my interview with hearing impaired person and people from hearing society.
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Use of animal models in the study of the mechanisms of subjective tinnitus.
Dittrichová, Jana ; Tureček, Rostislav (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
Tinnitus, phantom hearing sensation, is one of the major audiological disorders affecting a significant proportion of the human population. However, the mechanisms underlying this condition remain unclear. Animal models represent an important tool in the investigation of the pathogenesis of hearing diseases. The present bachelor thesis reviews the most important findings on the possibilities of detecting tinnitus in laboratory animals, especially rats and mice, its neural correlates in the mammalian auditory system, as well as the risk factors that lead to its development and maintenance. It was found that the most common causes of tinnitus are sensorineural hearing loss induced by exposure of animals to excessive noise or ototoxic agents, as well as their genetic predisposition. These factors cause maladaptive changes in the central auditory pathway that are likely responsible for the chronic course of the disease. The changes found include, in particular, hyperactivity of neurons of the auditory nuclei of the brainstem and increased synchrony in the area of the primary auditory cortex. Using animal models, it was also found that a significant proportion of the observed pathophysiological changes result from attenuated GABAergic inhibition in the auditory pathway. This suggested a direction for...
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Absolute Pitch: Theoretical Concept and Practical Issues
Bártová, Jitka ; Váňová, Hana (advisor) ; Pecháček, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis aims at complex assessment of absolute pitch both theoretically and practically. It describes the functioning of ear and main issues related to processing of sound and tone height. In addition, it clarifies related terms stemming from musical psychology. Especially, it endeavours to identify causes of absolute pitch and factors which form it. The thesis surveys several phenomena connected with absolute pitch, for example with synesthesia, and with other aspects such as occurrence of absolute pitch among population. It uses not only the Czech but especially English written literature which has not yet been used in such a scope in the Czech musical research.
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Development of communication skills in children with hearing disabilities in kindergarten (Holečkova street, Prague)
Rozlívka, Pavel ; Roučková, Jarmila (advisor) ; Ptáčková, Klára (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with development of communicational skills in children with hearing impairments in preschool. In this case communication is considered to bean atribute of society and it alsosals with the basic of human communication. It presents hearing impairments, its classification and the posibilities of auditory prostheses. It dis scuses the development of human speech and the influence of hearing impairments on it, the possibilities of communication and education of children with hearing impairments. It al so deals with the importace of preschooleducation, and mainparts of rehabilitation in kindergarten (Holečkova street, Prague). There search answers, if this kindergarten possitivelyaffects the development of children's socialskills . And also how importantisthe size of hearingloss and the family background for the communnication development.
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Speech understanding before entering elementary school
Vlasáková, Anna ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the area of speech understanding by children before entering the elementary school from the speech therapist's point of view. The thesis focuses on diagnostics. There is a dearth of diagnostic material nowadays, which is a reason for the creation of Speech Understanding before entering elementary school Test. This test is meant for children over five years of age. The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes preschool children from the psychical and motorial development point of view. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the description of preschool child communication, with particular attention to the development of the lexical-semantic language area and summarizes knowledge of speech understanding, development of speechunderstanding, and speech understanding process. Finally, there is a brief description of a few conditions. The research judged the impact of these conditions on speech understanding. The research includes the processed results from the screening of speech understanding with the mentioned diagnostical material. One hundred and twenty- five children participated in the quantitative research. The effect of particular aspects on the speech understanding of these children was evaluated. It has been found that the presence of delayed speech...
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