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Glucose effect on lipid metabolism homestasis in pancreatic β-cells
Stokičová, Linda ; Holendová, Blanka (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Lipids create an essential part of pancreatic β-cells. Not only they are the principal structural components and energy source, but they also play an indispensable role in β-cell physiology. Their metabolism is tightly interconnected with the metabolism of glucose, the fundamental β-cell molecule. The presence of lipids is critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and their turnover is inevitable for correct β-cell function. Lipids in the form of triacylglycerols, retinyl esters and cholesterol esters are stored in lipid droplets. These dynamic cellular structures are important for lipid metabolism and the protection of the cells against various types of stress. However, chronic exposure of β-cells to glucose and lipids can lead to disrupted glycerol/non-esterified fatty acid (GL/NEFA) cycle function, glucolipotoxicity and further dysfunction of β-cells, their dedifferentiation, insulin resistance, and finally type 2 diabetes. The experimental part focused on lipid metabolism in pancreatic β-cells in connection with glucose metabolism and redox environment. Glucose-induced expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism (fatty acid activation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, etc.) and the effect of modulated redox environment was investigated in β-cell line INS1E and isolated mouse pancreatic...
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Strategies and results in the development of insulin derivatives for the treatment of diabetes
Pokorný, Štěpán ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlouchová, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to present insulin analogs and to analyse the direction of development of these organic compounds. The text contains basic information on this subject (e.g. the history of Diabetes Mellitus, the first treatment, the discovery of insulin (1921) and the experiments that preceded this discovery...). The thesis also explains the basic differences between type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the resulting differences in treatment. It mainly summarizes, the specific types of analogs, their chemical composition and the nature of their action. The main contribution of this work lies in the analysis of insulin analogs and the overview of the course in which the development of these analogues is proceeding or what innovations we can expect in diabetes therapy in the upcoming years. The thesis draws primarily from peer-reviewed scientific papers, articles and books (older as well as more recent ones) and from the expertise of the IOCB laboratory. All sources are well cited at the end of the work.
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Diabetic versus eating in public establishments (candy store) - production of ice cream for diabetics.
KRČMÁŘOVÁ, Lucie
In my bachelor thesis I deal with one of the most common diseases of civilization, diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part contains historical facts, information about anatomy of the pankreas, epidemiological characteristics and types of diabetes, as well as diagnosis, treatment and complications of this disease. In the part dealing with nutrition, I deal with macronutrients and micronutrients found in diabetic nutrition, glycemic index, recommendations for diabetics and the main topic of my bachelor thesis, sweeteners. In the practical part I deal with the production of two types of fruit sorbets (strawberry and raspberry) with the addition of artificial sweetener - sucralose. This ice cream is tested on five healthy volunteers and five volunteers with 1. and 2,. type of diabetes compared to strawberry and raspberry sorbet with sugar. The result of the research is to found out how individual types of the ice cream affect the glycemic curve of healthy volunteers and volunteers with diabetes.
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The development of death rates due to selected neoplasms in the European union between the years 1996-2010
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
In all of the developed countries, malignant neoplasms are, along with cardiovascular diseases, among the most frequent causes of death. This tendency persists in the European Union countries for many years. The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze the development of mortality caused by selected malignant neoplasms in the European Union countries from the year 1996 until 2010. The analysis is divided into 4 sections. Aside from standard demographic methods of evaluating the mortality rates by means of age-adjusted death rates calculation, statistical methods are used in this thesis as well. Primary methods used are Joinpoint regression, analysis of the course of specific death rates according to age groups and cluster analysis. In the observed period of time, mortality caused by stomach, cervical, and within the male population also respiratory tract malignant neoplasms declines. On the contrary, within the female population, the death rate caused by respiratory tract malignant neoplasms increases. Malignant skin melanoma represent a great future danger concerning the male population, and malignant pancreatic neoplasms concerning both genders. Over the observed time period, malignant skin melanoma death rate almost doubled in some of the countries. Within the European Union, the variations...
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after hemicolectomy and middle pancreatectomy
Linhartová, Kamila ; Hassmannová, Kristina (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Author: Kamila Linhartová Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after hemicolectomy and middle pancreatectomy Aims: Aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize theoretical information about hemicoletcomy and middle pancreatectomy and to demonstrate possible physiotherapy treatment on a case study of a patient after the surgical approaches mentioned above. Methods: Detailed research of theoretical background of oncological diseases of large intestine and pancreas, hemicolectomy, middle pancreatectomy and physiotherapy treatment after abdominal surgery was performed to process the general part of this bachelor thesis. The special part of this thesis consist of a case study of a patient after hemicolectomy and middle pancreatectomy, which originated from bachelor clinical practice at Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague, in the time period between 18. 1. 2021 and 12. 2. 2021. The case study includes anamnesis, entry kinesiological analysis, suggestion and goals of physiotherapy treatment, individual therapy sessions, output kinesiological analysis and an evaluation of effects of performed treatment. Results: During therapy interventions general condition and muscle strength in a patient increased, breathing stereotype adjusted, soft tissues in the abdominal...
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Education of patients with pancreatitis in the regime measures
SLABOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this thesis is to find out what is the current situation of patients suffering from pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is a very serious and increasingly widespread illness, thus, it is important to know how to fully and professionally educate patients suffering from this illness. As there is a great lack of information, brochures and seminars, this thesis will make up a brochure informing and educating patients suffering from pancreatitis sufficiently. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical part contains detailed information about pancreas inflammation. Its causes, symptomps, diagnosis and treatment. There is also a sample diet that should be followed, and a description of nursing such types of patients. Further on, terms such as education and andragogy are explained, their methods, forms or motivation. The second, empirical part is dedicated to research. Based on the set goals and research questions, answers are given via qualitative research via semi-structured interviews carried out in Tábor hospital and České Budějovice hospital. The research file consisted of general nurses working in the above-mentioned hospitals, and patients suffering from pancreatitis in either urgent or chronic form. Data was collected from February to March 2018. Having carried out the interviews and their processing into Microsoft Office Word, identificaton data for general nurses was created, as well as for the respondents. Subsequently, data collected via interviews was analysed, categorized, and coded. Data analysis has proven that educating patients suffering from pacreatitis is done insufficiently, nurses lack sufficient educational constructs as well as time devoted to education. Nevertheless, the research has also proven that although the nurses were lacking time, they were happy with the education.
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Sex-specific analysis of mortality for malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2013
Maláková, Kateřina ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Barbora (referee)
Sex-specific analysis of mortality for malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2013 Abstract The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and describe the evolution of mortality due to malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2013 and to study mortality of malignant neoplasms by sexes in detail in the chosen spatial and temporal distribution for the purpose of identifying possible factors which can have an influence on differences between men and women. This thesis deals with mortality from selected causes of death in the malignant neoplasms in addition to the analysis of mortality for the whole group of malignant tumours. There was used standardized mortality rate as the main indicator of mortality and the probability of death by age and decomposition of the difference in life expectancy at birth by cause of death and age between 1994 and 2013 were also used as a more detailed analysis of mortality. During the reported period standardized mortality rate decreased for the whole group of malignant neoplasms and for most particular causes of death for both sexes. It was also found that the differences between men and women are rather decreasing, but for some causes of death such as malignant neoplasm of colon, malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lungs, and malignant neoplasm...
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The development of death rates due to selected neoplasms in the European union between the years 1996-2010
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
In all of the developed countries, malignant neoplasms are, along with cardiovascular diseases, among the most frequent causes of death. This tendency persists in the European Union countries for many years. The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze the development of mortality caused by selected malignant neoplasms in the European Union countries from the year 1996 until 2010. The analysis is divided into 4 sections. Aside from standard demographic methods of evaluating the mortality rates by means of age-adjusted death rates calculation, statistical methods are used in this thesis as well. Primary methods used are Joinpoint regression, analysis of the course of specific death rates according to age groups and cluster analysis. In the observed period of time, mortality caused by stomach, cervical, and within the male population also respiratory tract malignant neoplasms declines. On the contrary, within the female population, the death rate caused by respiratory tract malignant neoplasms increases. Malignant skin melanoma represent a great future danger concerning the male population, and malignant pancreatic neoplasms concerning both genders. Over the observed time period, malignant skin melanoma death rate almost doubled in some of the countries. Within the European Union, the variations...
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