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The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: causes and consequences
Čech, Tomáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The main task of this thesis is to describe historical and ideological development of the Muslim Brotherhood. Another task of this work is to describe specific goals and actions of the Brotherhood in the context of political system and civic society of Egypt. This thesis also describes the main characters and events, which influenced course and development of this Islamic movement. In the first part it considers times of Egyptian monarchy, than it moves to description of the presidential regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak and ends with post-revolution development of Egypt. Besides the whole historical context of the movement thesis also takes on the topic of ideological clash inside the Muslim Brotherhood. This clash, between the more conservative old-guard and young reformist's about the views of the Brotherhood, which was most of the time dominated by the old-guard, eventually resulted in meeting the wishes of the younger generation, which led to the political participation of the Muslim Brotherhood. Thesis therefore continues with the description of this political participation of the Brotherhood and their achievements and failures during this time. In the last part thesis examines post-revolution time in Egypt. It...
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Human Rights: Universality vs. Regionalism
Naji, Jalal Naji Thib ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Geistlinger, Michael (referee) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
Human Rights: Universality vs. Regionalism Jalal Naji Abstract The basic idea of the existence of certain rights that human beings are entitled to has been present, in some form or another, throughout the history of mankind long before their universal recognition and codification in 1948. The revolutionary work of the United Nations in adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 was the coronation and completion of all the earlier attempts of mankind in identifying the safeguards of humanity. Of course, the current shape, structure and context of international modern-day human rights never existed on the international sphere before 1948 as all the earlier efforts to identify human rights can be characterized as sporadic, localized, flawed, incomprehensive and even discriminatory as they only recognised certain rights to particular categories of people, such as ascribing rights only for citizens, for believers of a religion, or only for freemen and aristocrats. Conversely, UDHR's human rights standards are ascribed to everyone without discrimination. The foundation of international human rights is premised on the universality concept which indicates that all human beings are equal and that human rights are universally enjoyed by all mankind without discrimination. However, this majestic...
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Aspects of the sharia Law in the Great Britain
Hamplová, Kateřina ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
This diploma thesis discusses phenomena of parallel legal norms applicable in the Great Britain. There is guaranteed enforceability of those parts of the Islamic law, which deals with family and inheritance matters in the United Kingdom. This phenomenon is result of decades lasting process going back to the colonialism. Given the current events such as so called migration crisis in the Europe and self-declaration of "Islamic State", the question of religious law of minorities become priority theme of public discourse and is also topic of common debates between critics and advocates of normative diversity. Crucial incident that influenced public debate, especially reflection of success rate of immigrants' integration, had been the London bombings of 7/7 2005. In the thesis are presented specific examples of clash of British Common Law and the Islamic Law. The force of disintegration is Salafism that affects Muslim minorities and which is imported to the UK primarily from Saudi Arabia. The online Fatwas, a very problematic issue, is dealt with in the end of the thesis as well. Given the impossibility to regulate influence of the internet, online fatwas have profound effect over vulnerable youngsters. Keywords: Islam, Islamic Law, Great Britain, Sharia, Islamic Family Law, Islamic Inheritance Law,...
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Dissintegration and Search for order. Two basic variables in Shia islam political philosophy
Růžička, Jan ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
"Dissintegration and Search for Order" Two basic variables in Shia Islam political philosophy abstract The aim of the thesis is to classify the form of political leadership and domination in Shia islam's political ideology, their development and ability to succeed in political reality. I especially focus on the Shia understanding of political power and its connection to infallible Imam as secular and religious leader of the Shia community. For analysis of the concepts I use the description of early Islam, including the Shia reasons for the dissolution of Muslim ummah, as well as the reasons that led to the multiple division of Shiism. I analyse specific examples of ideological break up of the Shia community (Ithnasharia, Isma'ila, Hashashins, Alawi, Duryz and modern Islamic Republic of Iran) and finally cardinal reformulation of understanding of political leadership and domination by Ayatollah Khomeini. His concept Wilāyat al-faqīh (Guardianship of the jurist) started the era of radical transformation of the Shia political ideology, although he wanted only to modernize it and not to establish a brand new set up. My aspiration is therefore to analyze whether era of multiple dissolutions of political order will still continue or whether concept of Wilāyat al-faqīh can represent final step to end "period of...
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The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: causes and consequences
Čech, Tomáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The main task of this thesis is to describe historical and ideological development of the Muslim Brotherhood. Another task of this work is to describe specific goals and actions of the Brotherhood in the context of political system and civic society of Egypt. This thesis also describes the main characters and events, which influenced course and development of this Islamic movement. In the first part it considers times of Egyptian monarchy, than it moves to description of the presidential regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak and ends with post-revolution development of Egypt. Besides the whole historical context of the movement thesis also takes on the topic of ideological clash inside the Muslim Brotherhood. This clash, between the more conservative old-guard and young reformist's about the views of the Brotherhood, which was most of the time dominated by the old-guard, eventually resulted in meeting the wishes of the younger generation, which led to the political participation of the Muslim Brotherhood. Thesis therefore continues with the description of this political participation of the Brotherhood and their achievements and failures during this time. In the last part thesis examines post-revolution time in Egypt. It...
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The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: causes and consequences
Čech, Tomáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The main task of this thesis is to describe historical and ideological development of the Muslim Brotherhood. Another task of this work is to describe specific goals and actions of the Brotherhood in the context of political system and civic society of Egypt. This thesis also describes the main characters and events, which influenced course and development of this Islamic movement. In the first part it considers times of Egyptian monarchy, than it moves to description of the presidential regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak and ends with post-revolution development of Egypt. Besides the whole historical context of the movement thesis also takes on the topic of ideological clash inside the Muslim Brotherhood. This clash, between the more conservative old-guard and young reformist's about the views of the Brotherhood, which was most of the time dominated by the old-guard, eventually resulted in meeting the wishes of the younger generation, which led to the political participation of the Muslim Brotherhood. Thesis therefore continues with the description of this political participation of the Brotherhood and their achievements and failures during this time. In the last part thesis examines post-revolution time in Egypt. It...
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