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Transnational repression? The Russian Federation and Russians Abroad in 2014-2021
Skoupá, Veronika ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
Research on state-led repression usually focuses on domestic politics. However, the ability of contemporary authoritarian regimes to influence the quality of life of their citizens rarely stops at the state border. Repressive regimes today are increasingly able to target their domestic opponents outside their own territory. Recently, therefore, scholars have increasingly interpreted the interaction of authoritarian states with their critically minded citizens in a transnational context. According to them, the focus of an authoritarian regime's control over a society remains internal, but the increasing number of cases of physical attacks, intimidation or silencing of opinionated competitors even after they have decided to go abroad has led scholars to think about transnational repression and transnational authoritarianism. This thesis examines the validity of their conclusions using the case of the Russian state's relationship with its critical citizens between 2014 and 2021, based on theories of transnationalism and totalitarianism. Early scholarly studies have shown that Russia punishes its citizens abroad through several different methods. This thesis focuses on recorded cases of physical violence, restrictions on movement and forced displacement, threats, surveillance, and information...
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Czechoslovak dissent as a learning society
Padevět, Jiří
The diploma thesis is dealing with the problematics of Czechoslovak/Czech dissent, especially in the years from 1977 to 1989 and with its position as a learning society on its own. In the text, the status of dissent in the general society is described and followed, along with the ostracization of it, which ultimately led to a forming of a parallel polis, which included both parallel educational and cultural systems. Those were based on transmitting and sharing knowledge and skills inside of the community. Considering many activities performed by dissent organizations, the thesis takes interest mainly in four educational and cultural structures: home seminars, home theatre, samizdats and so-called festival of the second culture, both personally and organizationally bonded to Charter 77. These activites are not perceived only from the cultural history perspective, but more importantly with the help of andragogy and learning society concept. In conclusion, the thesis will focus on such specific educational and cultural topics and not only its impact on the parallel polis of dissent, but on the society in general, as well. The main intention of the theoretical and analytic part of the thesis is to analyze, identify and describe key milestones and phenomenons, tied with the informal learning of adults...
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Czechoslovak dissent as a learning society
Padevět, Jiří ; Veteška, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kříž, Jaroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis is dealing with the problematics of Czechoslovak/Czech dissent, especially in the years from 1977 to 1989 and with its position as a learning society on its own. In the text, the status of dissent in the general society is described and followed, along with the ostracization of it, which ultimately led to a forming of a parallel polis, which included both parallel educational and cultural systems. Those were based on transmitting and sharing knowledge and skills inside of the community. Considering many activities performed by dissent organizations, the thesis takes interest mainly in four educational and cultural structures: home seminars, home theatre, samizdats and so-called festival of the second culture, both personally and organizationally bonded to Charter 77. These activites are not perceived only from the cultural history perspective, but more importantly with the help of andragogy and learning society concept. In conclusion, the thesis will focus on such specific educational and cultural topics and not only its impact on the parallel polis of dissent, but on the society in general, as well. The main intention of the theoretical and analytic part of the thesis is to analyze, identify and describe key milestones and phenomenons, tied with the informal learning of adults...
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Grassroots political activism in Russia
Chervotkina, Yulia ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; David, Maxine (referee)
Russian protests of 2011-2012 revitalised the country's political life. Hoping for a change, citizens were looking for opposition leaders to represent them in their dialogue with the authorities. However, the opposition failed to maintain its support and attract new followers over time, and this paper analyses why it happened. To answer the question, we analysed the long-term consequences of state-organised repression and institutionalisation. Our results showed that repression is not the only reason for the loss of support of the opposition. Limited radicalisation, premature institutionalisation, and disconnection of the opposition from civil society played a vital role in this process. Even though these were the main characteristics of the For Fair Elections movent, this research argues that the Russian opposition did not outgrow them ten years later. Keywords: Russia, protests, political opposition, repression, civil society
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Radicalization of the Czech society in reaction to occurence of COVID-19 disease
MINAŘÍK, Dominik
The submitted diploma thesis deals with the issue of radicalization of the population in the Czech Republic, which is a constantly evolving phenomenon and the crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic could affect this process, when the submitted diploma thesis underlines important facts related to this phenomenon. The thesis contains a theoretical part, in which the author focuses onto the introduction and views of concepts related to the chosen topic, such as radicalism and extremism. The author briefly present the position of individual ideologies that create the process of radicalization of the population and have an affect to cause extremist manifestation of individuals or groups. The chosen problem points to the danger which point to the democratic society and the trend of so-called populists in the political spectrum, who come in times of crisis with an often simple but unfeasible solution to the situation. Within such a connection of the crisis in the form of COVID-19 and the impact of possible radicalization of the democratic civilian population, this theses monitors and evaluates such events when the current measures in the fight against the radical scene in the Czech Republic are summarized by the relevant state departments and the student suggest his own measures. As the last point of this theses the found data of security risks and measures are compared on an international scale.
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Post-Horseshoe Theory: Commonalities and Interactions between the European far right and Islamism
Langmoen, Sindre Mathias Byrgiel ; Laryš, Martin (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The Turkish and Russian diasporas residing in the West have both been the subject of suspicions and fears, been framed as extremists or as foreign agents. Such accusations are vastly overstated but are rooted in elements of truth. The purpose of the present research is to analyse Russian and Turkish diasporas in Germany, establish to what extent, how and why they are the targets of instrumentalisation by Russian and Turkish governments, and compare the Russian and Turkish cases in terms of nature, scope, and outcome. Using the principal-agent model for theorizing the delegation of authority, government-diaspora relations are examined in terms of diaspora policies, laws and institutions; political activities, attitudes and extremism; criminal networks, intelligence activities and extraterritorial repression. The analysis showed significant differences between the two cases. Turkey has established a great network of loyal institutions and movements in the diaspora, which socializes diaspora members into nationalist Turkish pro-AKP ideology and instrumentalises them into protesting, lobbying, voting, or into repressing political opponents. Russia has a weaker network and exerts less influence on its diaspora, but has still achieved success in instrumentalising diaspora communities for the sake of...
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Challenging Hegemony: Coercion, Repression and Protest in Liberal Democracies.
Čapinská, Barbora ; Kýrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Gagnon, Jean-Paul (referee) ; Wahlström, Mattias (referee)
Barbora Čapinská Abstract for dissertation thesis Challenging hegemony: coercion, repression, and protest in liberal democracies Year of defence: 2022 Abstract: This dissertation project identifies and classifies the types of coercive and repressive methods liberal democratic states use to prevent, resist, or suppress protest via analysis of secondary literature from several disparate academic fields. Despite the substantial fragmentation of the relevant research, it systematizes and clarifies the terminology used to describe these phenomena and combines the extant findings from all relevant research strands. Above all, the project stresses the fact that repressions are employed in response to a threat posed by the challengers, but the degree of this threat, or respectively legitimacy of the protest, is influenced or even constructed by the mass media coverage of protest and social movements. By endorsing a discourse-theoretical prism and the concept of hegemony, a relational definition of state, and a three-dimensional view of power, the author proposes to view protest and repression as a hegemonic struggle, in which protest is a counter-hegemonic discourse and the state an embodiment of hegemony suppressing challenges. To supplement existent typologies, the author introduces the concepts 'institutional...
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Five Minute Fame of One Song
Merta, Vladimír ; Jurková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee) ; Stavělová, Daniela (referee)
My essay deals with phenomenon of Czech folk. Emic part traces chronologically influencing aspects involving my artistic development from the viewpoint of author, listener and repressive organs. Urban music developed from the folk revival into the subversive protest song movement. Auto-ethnographic research of myself as concerned participant merges with temporary comments, opinions, photographic documentation of generational shift of sensibility. Commercialisation leads folk movement into the mainstream pop culture. Role of gens and mems, dreams, subconscious helped folk musicians survive totality regime. Czech folk is not dead. Emerges at the edge of new subgenres, exposed to commodifications of cultural industry.
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A. Pinochet Dictatorship - rise to power and the end of his career
Husáková, Gabriela ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Machart, Filip (referee)
Bachelor thesis "A. Pinochet Dictatorship - rise to power and the end of his career" focuses on the coup in 1973 and the establishment of democratic regime, as well as its downfall and subsequent democratization process with emphasis on the role that General Augusto Pinochet played this period of Chilean history. With respect to the main objective of this work, that is to introduce the method and conditions which onset Pinochet to power and his influence on foreign and domestic policy, major part of the work is focused primarily on the conditions and the course of a military coup, internal and external policies, the constitution of 1980 and the subsequent plebiscite in 1988, which caused Pinochet's downfall. Following part is dedicated to the role of the opposition, the description of campaigns for the plebiscite and developments during the period of democratization, when Pinochet gradually withdraws from the political sphere. The first part deals with the Chilean political system before the onset of dictatorship, including a description of the Allende's government, whose problems caused the military coup and the formal incorporation of Pinochet's regime, according to political scientist Juan Linz. Further the regime itself is specified, especially the economic and foreign policy of the regime. The...
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Annotated translation of the text of the historical documentary: Vitalij Shentalinskij, Raby svobody, Moskva 2009 (selected part - Pulya vmesto tochki. Boris Pilnyak)
Paton, Tereza ; Rubáš, Stanislav (advisor) ; Oganesjanová, Danuše (referee)
The aim of this Master Thesis is to present annotated translation of the text from the historical documentary by trilogy author Vitalij Shentalinskij "Raby Svobody". In the commentary attention was paid not only to problems at various language levels, but also to cultural and the other influences. The theoretical part, which is based on Czech and Slovakian theoretical works of Jiri Levy and Anton Popovic, could also help to facilitate deeper understanding the role of the translator and alternative ways of how the translator can de- duce a solution to particular translation problems. Key words: translation, translation problems, cultural facts, Boris Pilnyak, Soviet Union, repressions
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