|
|
Vitamin D deficiency and post-surgery recovery
Veigertová, Tereza ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the topic of vitamin D deficiency, which is rather prevalent in the Czech population. The theoretical part summarizes findings about the systemic function of vitamin D in the human body and its importance in postoperative recovery. We know about vitamin D's impact on xenobiotic detoxification, reduction of oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and immunoregulation. Ubiquitous intracellular vitamin D receptors mediate the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. Objectives: The principal aim of the thesis was to demonstrate the difference in the number of postoperative complications and lengths of hospitalization in patients with vitamin D deficiency and patients without vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the research aims to discover the relationship between vitamin D and postoperative recovery and evaluate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in preoperative deficiency. Methods: The practical part uses retrospective data from the database of the Klatovská nemocnice on patients monitored in the internal and osteological outpatient department. The criteria for the selection of patients were performed surgery and measured serum level of 25(OH)D. Postoperative complications were evaluated. The evaluation took into account the patients' age and type of operation. Patients...
|
|
|
Objective and subjective factors in the evaluation of outcomes of breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Tichá, Pavla ; Sukop, Andrej (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Aleš (referee) ; Třešková, Inka (referee)
For patients undergoing mastectomy, breast reconstruction provides an opportunity to restore their personal and social lives. During the last decade, there has been an upward trend in the number of successfully completed breast reconstructions. Reconstruction can be achieved by a number of methods which differ by their indication criteria as well as in their results. In addition to the objective analysis of clinical data, an integral part of the evaluation of these results should be a subjective evaluation of patient satisfaction with the surgery outcome and quality of life in the form of self- assessment questionnaires. Our specific objectives were to compare early postoperative and long-term clinical outcomes as well as patient-reported outcomes in terms of satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients undergoing implant-based reconstruction, abdominal-based autologous reconstruction, and combined reconstruction.
|
|
|
Role of nurses in postoperative care in patients with lung cancer.
PLECEROVÁ, Jana
At present time the lung/ bronchial carcinoma is the most frequent malignant disease but not only in our country but worldwide. It is an insidious disease that at the beginning is asymptomatic (i.e. without clinical symptoms), however it has an extraordinary unfavourable prognosis. The lung/ bronchial carcinoma is painless disease therefore the sick people (adversely affected by lung/ bronchial carcinoma) do not suffer from any significant health trouble for very long time. In a later stage some of the patients realize the fact, that they are facing some health troubles. They find out that something go wrong as far as their health condition is concerned, the most frequent case is reported as breathlessness or difficulties in breathing in general. Their difficulties in breathing is frequently attributed to their weight, physical strain, stress, workload, work environment they work in. These patients usually make an appointment with the physician not sooner than they observe further manifestations of the illness which testifies to advanced stage of the illness, however. These symptoms often are the following: haemoptysis, rhonchus/hoarseness, chronic cough, dysphagia, pains, loss of weight. The lung carcinoma is frequently discovered on a random basis within a preoperative preparation for another surgical intervention i.e. the centre of lung carcinoma is identified when heart and lungs are X-rayed. The very sad moment of this disease (lung carcinoma) is the fact that overwhelming majority of the patients bring about this insidious illness or contract the illness themselves. The reason is smoking. Present youth regard smoking fashionable and modern. They feel and perceive smoking as their need to try something new and majority of them persist with smoking. They become smoking addict and only small percentage of them seek a help or assistance of an expert in making people give up smoking. In the past we encountered the diagnosis of lung carcinoma with the patients whose age fell in between 60 (sixty) and 70 (seventy). At present time the patients with such a diagnosis are rather younger. Their age fall within the interval 40 (forty) and 50 (fifty). I can express my belief that the public should be not only better informed but also keep informed about the life-threatening lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumour, ways and means of healing, primary and secondary prevention and help and assistance in making people to give up smoking. The public should be informed and be kept informed about risk factors that lead to the origin and development of this insidious disease. The media should do whatever possible to present statistics, research investigations dealing with the origin and development of lung carcinoma, case reports regarding patients with this diagnosis. Several years ago, there were cigarette packets provided with various pictures on them presenting risks of smoking as well as possible complications and troubles accompanied with smoking including lung carcinoma. Unfortunately, this campaign did not achieve such effect as it had been expected. This diploma work has been worked out by focusing on theory. Its goal is to present the problem of lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumours in the Czech Republic and in the world. The crucial area of the diploma work is devoted to the surgical therapy of the lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumours that is subject of permanent development and still brings new pieces of knowledge in the field of therapy of lung malignity. Another aim of this diploma work is to clarify, map out and visualize the position and role of nurses in postoperative care for the patients with lung carcinoma/ tumour. The conclusion of the diploma work focuses on specific questions and requirements of the palliative care and its models. This diploma work makes it possible to get an overall view of the specialized field of malignant lung tumours, their statistics, the numbers of which has been rising.
|
|
|
The incidence of postoperative infectious complications in neurosurgical ICU
Brindová, Jana ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
This thesis examines in detail the nature of postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent brain tumor surgery. It deals with the incidence of these complications and their severity, depending on various factors and suggests the most appropriate nursing procedures used in the care of a patient in whom these complications occurred. For the structure of the work is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the issues examined in terms of the medical field Neurosurgery (closer diagnoses, conditions, operations and other procedures, and complications to occur after these operations or expected performance), analyzes a nursing practice and patient care on neurosurgical ICU, and finally closely examines infections and nosocomial diseases, including a description of the most common types, their agents, diagnosis and treatment. The second, empirical part focuses on the problems from a practical point of view. With the help of set of case studies it closer which specific complications are most commonly found on the neurosurgical ICU in patients after surgery of brain tumors, what are the most common methods of treatment and nursing procedures which are most used in the care of patients with these complications. In conclusion summarizes the...
|
|
|
Nurse's role in patient education after chest operations
Matysová, Marcela ; Chloubová, Helena (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
My bachelor's dissertation concerns the nurse's role in patient education after chest operations. The theoretical section explains not only the concept of patient education, its use and realisation in Public Healthcare, but also the forms and methods of education. Included is a summary of the most common chest operations, their short clarification and possible post - operative complications. I will also briefly describe the nurse's tasks before and after the operation. The practical section involves structured interviews with patients after chest operations. The aim of the interviews was to find out what information patients were lacking and how well they remembered important details given to them by a nurse. The interviews also contain satisfactory reviews on the nurse's role in patient education after chest operations. The aim of my study was to find out if the nurse's role in patient education was productive. Based on the results, my intention was to suggest better practices both for improving patient education and also to perfect the nurse's role in post - operative care. A superior, comprehensive and individual approach is the key to faster and more complete patient recovery and his/ hers return home. Key words: education, post-operative care, post-operative complications, patient satisfaction.
|
|
|
Importance of enzymatic solutions (Enzymel) in postoperative treatment of upper respiratory tract wounds
Šimurdová, Marcela ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Bakalářská práce Význam Enzymelu v pooperačním ošetřování ran v horních cestách dýchacích 1 Abstract Healing surgical wounds in upper respiratory tract is often difficult and painful due to constant presence of food (contamination), movements during talking and continuous presence of aggressive saliva. Most of the surgery clinics use natural solutions especially chamomile to accelerate healing and to remove patient's postoperative problems. Gel Enzymel parodont, which contains proteolytic enzymes and its application limits bacteria production and accelerates healing of the surgical wounds, hasn't been used in a clinical treatment in surgical ORL yet and its effects on healing haven't been studied. The theoretical part of this study is focused on a brief introduction of selected surgical procedures in upper respiratory tract and the corresponding nursing process including a summary of possible complications in the postoperative period. The empirical part of the thesis contains a summary of the results of non-standardized questionnaire survey, which was conducted on selected patients of the ORL (ENT) Clinic of Motol University Hospital. Using a surrogate survey of a selected group of patients (80 in total), data were obtained to compare the effectiveness of the investigated agents, especially in the area of...
|
|
|
Nursing care of patients with the compartment syndrome
KRČMOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis "Nursing Care of a Patient with Compartment Syndrome" surveys the specialities of a nursing care about a patient with this syndrome. As the care of such a patient is highly specific, a nurse is supposed to have enough information about this issue. The theoretical part deals especially with preventive precautions, syndromes, diagnostics, treatment, perioperative period, complications and furthermore also a care after releasing a patient for home care. The empiric part is based on a qualitative survey construct. A data collection is based on half-structured interviews. The aim of the thesis was: 1. To find out specialities of the care of a patient with this diagnosis. 2. To reveal possible complications concerning a patient with a developing compartment syndrome. From the results of a survey research emerged that despite small faults, the questioned nurses provide the patients with a high quality nursing. It was found out that the nurses highly appreciate preventive precautions with which they try to prevent a compartment syndrome development. According to obtained information, the nurses contact a doctor immediately in case of alarming symptoms. The doctor deals with the diagnostic and following treatment measures. It was detected that the provided care is varied because a nurse takes care of a patient both before and after the operation. Furthermore, it was revealed that a care of a patient after fasciotomy does not differ substantially from a common care provided by nurses for other patients.
|
|
|
The effect of planned bowel resection on mobility and quality of life take care
Dvořáková, Dominika ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: Thesis is focused on monitoring of the quality of life of the patients, who undego planned bowel resection. Czech population is over a long period weighted by malign disease of colorectum. Patients with this diagnosis undergo efective procedure of surgical remove of tumour. With this surgical intervention is also connected with follow-up hospitalization at the unit of intensive care, which can be a great load for patient and can affect the return into the common life and its quality. Methodology: The methodology of the research is the monitoring study. To this study there were put these, who passed planned bowel resection because of the occurence of colorectal tumor, in the period from May 2018 - January 2019. To gain data we use the questionnaire of the quality of life (SF-36), the questionnaire evaluated anxiety status and depression (HADS), evaluating the level of fatigue (MAF), the questionnaire evaluating the basic daily activities (ADL, IADL) and tests to evaluace the physical aktivity (30-Second Chair Stand Test, 6-MWT - six minutes walking test). To compare the quality of life a the physical aktivity, we use three time periods - T1 (the period before hospitalization), T2 (the period of discharge from the hospital), T3 (the period after 3 months from the surgical intervention)....
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
