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Extraction of anthocyanin pigments from black chokeberry pomace
Martinková, Patrícia ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the preparation of extract and concentrate of anthocyanin dyes from aronia moldings (Aronia melanocarpa). It also determines chemical properties important for human´s health, which are important also for further possible use of extract/concentrate as natural red food coloring. A series of extractions of dried and powdered aronia moldings was carried out in the experimental part of the thesis, aiming for the optimization the conditions of the extraction. Extracts were characterized by content of total anthocyans, content of total fenolic substances and total antioxidant activity. The best laboratory conditions for extraction were determined as follows: amount of moldings 12,5 g, composition of extraction agent ethanol:water 1:1, volume of extraction mixture 60 ml and time of the extraction 11 hours. Prepared extracts were concentrated on vacuum evaporator. It has been found that the temperature of the water bath in the vacuum evaporator can not exceed 40 °C. At higher temperatures there is significant degradation of anthocyanins. Furthemore, the content of individual anthocyanic dyes in extract and concentrate, from aronia moldings, was quantified by HPLC. The major anthocyanin, cyanidine-3-galactoside, was contained in the concentrate at 923,6 ± 8,5 mg·l-1, the other specified anthocyanin, minor cyanidine-3-glucoside, was present at a concentration of 53,5 ± 0,3 mg·l-1.
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Adsorption of toxic metals from wastewater to waste material from the food industry
Křikala, Jakub ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis was focused on the possibility of secondary utilization of waste material from the wine industry to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In the theoretical part, there were discussed mainly the problems of heavy metals pollution including methods of their removal and ICP-OES detection. Furthermore, the waste material from the wine production and the possibilities of its further processing were discussed there. The primary objective of the experimental part was to characterize the material by IR analysis, optimization of adsorption conditions, isotherms construction and determination of maximum adsorption capacities of white, red and chemically modified marc for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. From the parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency, the adsorbent load was optimized (m/V ratio = 0,02); pH values found were 5 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and 3 for Cr and the contact time to reach the equilibrium was 15 minutes for Cd, Ni, Pb and 30 minutes for Cr and Cu. Maximum adsorption capacity for heavy metals were calculated from adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model and found to be 18,829 7 mg/g for Cd; 10,664 7 mg/g for Ni; 35,602 0 mg/g for Pb (modified marc with 1M NaOH); 4,678 4 mg/g for Cu and 9,629 0 mg/g for Cr. The results of the work confirm the good adsorption potential of heavy metals on marc and the positive effect of chemical modification of natural biosorbents to improve their adsorption capacity.
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The possibility of using of Aronia fruit pomace
Kujínková, Jana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with possibilities of using of aronia fruit pomace. The theoretical part is focused on botanical characteristics of aronia fruit, description of HPLC and anthocyanins dyes. The effects of various extraction condition on content of some polyphenolic compounds (gallic and vanilla acids, katechin and rutin) in aronia berry pomace are investigated in the experimental part. The mentioned compounds were detected with HPLC. Thanks to this method the content of carbohydrates was also detected. A quantity of anthocyanins dyes was determined by pH differential method.
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Draft beer analysis by HPLC-ELSD and IC
Vanduchová, Petra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis is discussed the brewing process and composition of the beer. The experimental part deals with analysis of polyphenolic compounds and carbohydrates by HPLC, analysis of organic acids by the IC and the ICP-OES method was used for analysis of elements. The HPLC method was used to determine eleven polyphenols. Gallic acid was the most represented compound of polyphenols and quercetin was the least represented compound. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were analysed by HPLC and the most represented compound of carbohydrates was glucose. The ICP-OES method was used to determine ten elements. Zinc was the least represented element in the analysis and phosphorus and potassium were the most represented in the analysis.
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Preparation and stability of core-shell type organic micro- and nanoparticles
Byrtusová, Dana ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on possibilities of encapsulation polyphenolic compounds in core-shell type organic micro- and nanoparticles. The theoretical part is aimed at characterization of polyphenolic compounds, their biological effects and their possibilities of encapsulation into various types of particles. The experimental part deals with the content of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins in guarana, ginseng ang goji. Extracts from these samples were packed into liposomes and polysaccharide particles. Encapsulation´s effectiveness was determined spectrophotometrically. The stability of particles was monitored for size and stability by dynamic light scattering. The particles were exposed to the model body fluids and model food.
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Study of the antioxidative potential of selected fruit marcs
Havlíčková, Barbora ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Subject of this bachelor thesis was antioxidant activity of selected kind of fruits. Among selected kinds were the marc of red and white grapes, moldings from red elderberry and aronia. Two species of made capsules from marcs of white grapes and aronia were also subjected to analysis. Results of this bachelor thesis are summarized to four chapters. The first chapter compares the water content of drying at 40 ° C and 105 ° C. In the second chapter, the results of extraction in different proportions of solvent mixture ethanol - water and results of extraction in prepared artificial gastric juice are discussed. As a result, the water – ethanol mixture was a more effective solvent than artificial gastric juice. The third chapter deals with the results and discussion of the determination of the total content of phenolic substances. For the solvent mixture, the largest amount of polyphenols in the red vine marc was determined to be 43,56 mg.g-1, while in gastric juice the largest content in the elderberry was determined to be 11,89 mg.g-1. Capsules were also extracted in gastric juice, and 2,53 mg.g-1 was found in aronia tablets, while 5,93 mg.g-1 in white grape tablets. The last chapter compares the results of TAA measurements using the TEAC and EPR methods. The EPR method was more suitable for much diluted solutions than the TEAC method. The results of this work show that there is a large number of polyphenols and other antioxidants in the moldings that affect the overall antioxidant activity. Marcs have great potential for use as natural dyes or can be used to make a food supplement.
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Study of utilization of waste material from the food industry for the removal of metals from waste waters
Křikala, Jakub ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis is discussed the potential use of the marc from the wine production for the removal of metals from wastewaters. Marc containing stems, peels and seeds without any prior chemical treatment were homogenized and rinsed with distilled water to remove soluble impurities. IR spectrometry was used for characterization of the major functional groups responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The experimental part of this work consisted of the assessment of the optional pH value for adsorption of copper and the maximum adsorption capacity of the used material in column and batch method. The results show that the optional pH values for adsorption of copper were in the range pH 3 – 4. Maximum adsorption capacity were calculated form adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model and found to be 0,260 4 mg/g Cu at a column method and 1,246 2 mg/g Cu after 30 minutes the batch adsorption method. Further, it was experimentally demonstrated that the adsorption of copper in addition to the pH depends also on the initial copper concentration in the solution, contact time and other parameters whose optimization would achieve greater adsorption capacity of the referred material. The results indicate that the marc from the wine production have good potential form removing metals from wastewaters by adsorption.
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Analysis of polyphenolic compounds in selected brewery matrices by HPLC-HRMS method
Zušťáková, Veronika ; Sobotníková, Jana (advisor) ; Mikyška, Alexandr (referee)
The thesis has focused on the separation of proanthocyanidins (Pas) in beer, raw beer material and beer intermediates (wort, hopped wort, green beer) by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometric detection. A chromatographic column XSELECT HSS T3 was used for separation of individual proanthocyanidins. Mobile phase was formed by a mixture of 0,1% formic acid in water (A) and 0,1% formic acid in acetonitril (B), separation was conducted in gradient mode. Calibration range for catechin and procyanidin B1 a B2 was linear in the range from 10 µg.l-1 to 200 µg.l-1 and for epicatechin from 5 µg.l-1 to 200 µg.l-1 . Limit of quantitation (LOQ) was set to the lowest point of calibration curve, hence for catechin, procyanidin B1 and B2 was LOQ = 10 µg.l-1 and for epicatechin was LOQ = µg.l-1 . Yield of method of the observed Pas was very good, where yield oscillated around 100%. The method also had excellent repeatability, where the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower then 20%. After optimization of this method it was used for observation of profile changes during brewery process in catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, B2 and B3. It was discovered, that catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and B2 originate mainly from hops and procyaniding B3 is...
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Study of the antioxidative potential of selected fruit marcs
Havlíčková, Barbora ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Subject of this bachelor thesis was antioxidant activity of selected kind of fruits. Among selected kinds were the marc of red and white grapes, moldings from red elderberry and aronia. Two species of made capsules from marcs of white grapes and aronia were also subjected to analysis. Results of this bachelor thesis are summarized to four chapters. The first chapter compares the water content of drying at 40 ° C and 105 ° C. In the second chapter, the results of extraction in different proportions of solvent mixture ethanol - water and results of extraction in prepared artificial gastric juice are discussed. As a result, the water – ethanol mixture was a more effective solvent than artificial gastric juice. The third chapter deals with the results and discussion of the determination of the total content of phenolic substances. For the solvent mixture, the largest amount of polyphenols in the red vine marc was determined to be 43,56 mg.g-1, while in gastric juice the largest content in the elderberry was determined to be 11,89 mg.g-1. Capsules were also extracted in gastric juice, and 2,53 mg.g-1 was found in aronia tablets, while 5,93 mg.g-1 in white grape tablets. The last chapter compares the results of TAA measurements using the TEAC and EPR methods. The EPR method was more suitable for much diluted solutions than the TEAC method. The results of this work show that there is a large number of polyphenols and other antioxidants in the moldings that affect the overall antioxidant activity. Marcs have great potential for use as natural dyes or can be used to make a food supplement.
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Evaluation of modifications in content of selected bioactive substances in flax (\kur{Linum usitatissimum} L.) seeds during germination
HAŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis focus on analysing effect of germination on some groups of bioactive compounds in flaxseed. We used flaxseed variety named Libra. Its germination was 10 days long, done in two different conditions: in the dark and fully iluminated for 24 hours daily. Samples were taken on 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day. Following analyses were performed: determination of dry matter content, lipid content, content of nitrogenous compounds, content of proteins and protein spectrum, chlorophyll content, content of total polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Content of dry mater was proved to decrease during germination as well as lipid content regardless of light conditions. Amount of nitrogenous compounds stayed relatively unchanged during germination. Whereas amount of proteins increased depending on duration of germination and light conditions. Hydrolysis of proteins during germination was proved by protein spectrum analysis. Content of chlorophyll inreased in light-germinated seeds only. Increasing effect of germination on total polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity was proven as well. Moreover aproximately two-fold rise of values was reported after defatting of samples.
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