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Personality traits of individuals addicted to psychoactive substances, alcohol and pathological gamblers
Černá, Veronika ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Procházková, Jana (referee)
anglicky This thesis deals with one of the most important issues of our time. Trying to look for personality structure of individuals dependent on alcohol, psychoactive substances and pathological gamblers. Describes differences in personality structure between the user and the differences between men and women. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the present the accessible knowledge in the field of personality-dependent individuals. The empirical part of the work deals with a research carried out at the pavilions of addictions in a psychiatric hospital Prague Bohnice. In the empirical part of the research hypotheses and set goals that are subsequently evaluated. This thesis provides insight into the personality of addicted individuals and their own research conclusions are largely consistent with findings from the literature.
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Interpersonal Check List as a Diagnostic Tool of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Hanuš, David ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Svianteková, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of this paper is to verify the applicability of Interpersonal Check List for assessing managerial potential, namely leadership potential. The evolution and findings of leadership research are summarized in the theoretical part of the article. Possible effects of personality traits on leader effectivity are theoretically explained. There is evidence that these traits affect the perception of leaders. Empirical tests show that employees in leadership positions score higher in several dimensions of Interpersonal Check List, particularly in managerial - autocratic, competitive - exploitive and blunt - aggresive dimensions. The discussion of these findings leads to the conclusion that the mentioned dimensions could be considered as indicators of leadership potential. Interpersonal Check List is a valid instrument for assessing leadership potential.
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Distribution of intelligence and of the personality traits in FtM and MtF transsexuals
Novák, Marek ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis deals with the differences between Female-to-Male (FtM) and Male-to-Female (MtF) transsexuals, focusing on their intelligence and personality traits. The aim of the study was to compare the results between male and female transsexuals in these two areas and to recognize if the distribution of given personality traits corresponds more to their biological sex or to the gender identity. In the theoretical part of the work, studies about males and females in the population are presented and put into a broader context of the studies concerning FtM and MtF transsexuals, while using all accessible literature. The research comprises of data comparison of 200 transsexuals (100 MtF and 100 FtM) using Raven's Progressive matrices and DOPEN questionnaire. The results were evaluated by the statistical analysis and were later compared to the norms for men and women in population. There were found no differences in intelligence in both groups of transsexuals. Both groups' intelligence (IQ 117) is slightly above-average. Using the Raven's Progressive matrices, higher variability of results was measured in the MtF group. Male-to-Female transsexuals reached significantly higher scores in neuroticism compared to Female-to-Male group. This scale was identified as significantly higher in both groups when...
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Do Information Cascades Arise Easier under Time Pressure? Experimantal Approach.
Cingl, Lubomír ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
Information cascades as a form of rational herding help to explain real-life phenomena such as fads, fashion, creation of 'bubbles' in financial markets or conformity in general. In this paper I attempt to model propensity to herd and infer its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task under different treatment conditions and levels of time pressure with the possibility to herd. The order of decision-making is endogenous and the task is not probabilistic. Rather, I impose uncertainty of private signal by different levels of time pressure. This is expected to make participants prone to imitate the behavior of others. Apart from that I examine the effect of reputation (also called endorsement effect) as an addition to the public pool of information, which is expected to increase the probability to herd. The main findings are that propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure. Information cascades arose, but never in a perfect form. Personality traits measured by the Big Five protocol contribute considerably to the explanation of the model, but their relationship is not straightforward. Heart-rate increased during performance of a task, but was not correlated to subjectively stated...
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Animal personality structure in offspring
JANDA, Patrik
The aim of this work was to build breeding pairs of Endler's guppy (Poecilia wingei), to determine their characteristic traits ("shy" and "bold"). Then to breed offspring from these pairs, in which the same personality traits were determined using identical procedure. Finally, the composition of personality traits observed in the offspring were evaluated, consequently, compared to their parents, their heritability was calculated. Personality traits were determined using a modified "Open Field" test (test of open environment) combined with the so-called standard emergency test (test for measuring the time required to leave the safe shelter). Based on the measured data individuals were divided into "shy" and "bold". Then they composed "shy", "bold" and combined pairs (a pair of "shy" was composed of two "shy" individuals, a pair of "bold" of two "bold" individuals and a combined pair was composed of one "shy" individual and one "bold " individual). After breeding offspring of these pairs, their personality traits ("shy" and "bold") were determined in a similar way. By evaluating the results, the heritability of these traits was calculated. Moreover, during this experiment, individual preferences and positions in the column of water were also monitored when inserted into an experimental aquarium. I also examined whether it is possible to increase the number of offspring by creating a more active ("bold") pair, a less active ("shy") pair or a combined pair.
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Selected psychological personality attributes of bank employees
Loncká, Veronika ; Krejčová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Langer, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to define selected psychological personality attributes of bank employees. The thesis describes the personality traits, particularly the characteristics such as extroversion, introversion, intuition, sensuality, reasonableness, circumspection etc. Their representation frequency had been examined within selected sample of respondents. The thesis also concerns with the charakter parts in companies and individual attributes of these parts. The conclusion part summarizes prevailing characteristics and describes those appropriate or essentials for bank employees. The knowledge findings might be relevant for the further practical application of HR stuff and be come their support while recruiting employees within the bank sector.
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Influence of developmental rate on behavioral personality forming
SCHMIDTMAJEROVÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis was to empirically examine one of the theories regarding the laws of intraspecific variability in animal behavior, which assumes that differences in behavior are directly related to individual differences in the rate of growth. One of our most common rodents, common vole (Microtus arvalis) was chosen as a model species, mainly because lots of previous studies on this species have demonstrated, among other things, presence of consistent differences in behavior.
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The development of an expression of personality traits: the common vole (\kur{Microtus arvalis}) study
URBÁNKOVÁ, Gabriela
The aim of this study was investigate the development of behaviour of common vole in usually used personality test - Open Field test. This study also used a new behavioural approach ? behavioural reaction norms - to investigate the relationship among personality traits, behavioural plasticity and body weight and chosen social characteristic. There were found the effects of adult body weight and litter size on individual behavioural plasticity and also the negative correlation between personality traits and behavioural plasticity, signaling the different level of habituation dependent on personality traits.
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Characteristics of the Personality and Social Mobility
Bariekzahyová, Tereza ; Šafr, Jiří
We assess differences in personality traits (extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness), self-esteem and locus of control among distinct types of intergenerational mobility trajectories and effect of volition at the elementary school (net of socioeconomic status and cultural capital of the family of origin) on status and specific mobility trajectories: reproduction (staying at the bottom) vs. upward mobility from working class. Datasets from representative surveys are analysed: ISSP 2009 (age 18–87) and Distinction and Values 2008 (age cohort 30–34).
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Stability or change?
Hřebíčková, Martina
In this review study three different views concerning the development of personality across the life course are discussed. 1) Contextual approach leads to the conclusion that an analysis of behavior in context may be the best way to understand personality development. 2) Arguments that personality becomes stable in adulthood and that individual differences in personality traits are fixed by age 30 are presented. 3) As well arguments for change and continuity in personality development are mentioned. Personality traits do not become fixed at certain age in adulthood and retain the possibility of change even into old age.
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