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Hegemony struggle according to KSČ
Bruna, Jaroslav ; Vilímek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) The author tries to describe the transformation of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in relation to itself and the surrounding environment, especially in the period from 17th November to 21st December 1989. He will use primarily the articles from Rudé právo and a stenographic record of the unscheduled session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on 24th and 26th November 1989 which was published under the name Poslední hurá. He considers it appropriate to put into context the events of November and December 1989, with political development in Czechoslovakia in January, at the turn of June and July, and in October 1989. This analysis attempt will be based on the principles of general linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The combination of hegemonic analysis and deconstruction will be used as a method of workflow. When analyzing the transformation of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the author attempts to rely primarily on three principles deriving from discourse theory. The identity is not a fixed essence but it is created in the political struggles of the content of specific concepts. There have been attempts to fully fixate the identity of individuals, groups, society. But the identity is...
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Perestroika and its reflection in Russian and Czech society and culture
Kuksin, Artem ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee)
In my bachelor's thesis I would like to focus on one of the key historical events in the history of the Soviet Union known as Perestrojka. I want to answer the questions as what were people of late socialism in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and in the Soviet Union, what was difference about their perception of the present and future and how Zeitgeist -the spirit of the time at the end of the century was perceived in culture. As a necessary part of my work, I consider the personality analysis of Mikhail Gorbachev - the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, his economic and social policy, describing the peculiarities of regimes and social relations in years 1985-1989.
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An Analysis of Contribution of the USA to the Economic Collapse of the Soviet Union
Vaneeva, Viktoria ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
In the given thesis some of the internal factors and especially external factors of the economic collapse of the Soviet Union are analysed. The external factors are represented as part of the anti-communist strategy of the United States in the 1980s. The strategy consisted of concrete economic sanctions and policies imposed by President Reagan and his administration in order to deteriorate the condition of the Soviet economy during the 1980s. Each of the steps against communist regime undertaken by the US is described and its impact on the Soviet economy is analysed. For example: the economic sanctions on the USSR after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979; the increased military expenditures in the US in order to exhaust the Soviet economy in the arms race; the announced Strategic Defense Initiative; the secret negotiations between Reagan and the King of Saudi Arabia on reduction of oil prices in 1985; the US embargo on technology exports to the Soviet Union. The results of the research prove that strategy of President Reagan for economic destruction of communism contributed to the Soviet collapse in 1991.
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The reflection on the stalinist period as a friction between the Russian State and the Memorial movement
Černoušek, Štěpán ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis The reflection on the Stalinist period as a friction between the Russian State and the Memorial movement follows changes in the interpretation of Soviet repressions (especially from the period of Stalinism) from the late 1980s until the end of 2016. On the one hand, it follows the attitude of the Russian (or Soviet) state, on the other hand the position of the independent Memorial movement. In five chapters, chronologically, it notes contradictions that arise in the interpretation of the repression by the State and the Memorial and try to explain them. While the attitude of Memorial is consistent throughout the whole period (it attempts to bring repression to a wider context), we see different attitudes of the Russian state in the times of perestroika, during the reign of President Yeltsin and during the presidency of Vladimir Putin. From coincident attitudes, the state moves to interpretations that are inconsistent with the position of Memorial and are ideologically motivated. The thesis also looks at the causes of the current pressure of the Russian state against the Memorial movement, which intensified especially after 2014. The other theme of the thesis is also a brief history of the Memorial movement, its development and concrete projects and opinions.
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Samizdat publishing anthologies about the theater
Maxová, Veronika ; Topolová, Barbara (advisor) ; Just, Vladimír (referee)
Annotation: The work is focused on a number of samizdat anthology about the theater, published between 1986 - 1989 in the newsroom Karl Kraus. It deals with all five volumes in the theater where the proceedings pursues a thematic concept and its development, the composition of each block, forming the base of the author and its specifications, the way the editorial work and last but not least, aesthetic preference and program editors and intellectual and ideological framework of the periodical. It focuses on the origin and the circumstances that preceded the manner of editorial work. It affects the form of theater criticism in the independent periodical, place colections series in contemporary samizdat spectrum and its importance for political and social movement in Czech theater in the period of perestroika.
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Hegemony struggle according to KSČ
Bruna, Jaroslav ; Vilímek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
(in English) The author tries to describe the transformation of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in relation to itself and the surrounding environment, especially in the period from 17th November to 21st December 1989. He will use primarily the articles from Rudé právo and a stenographic record of the unscheduled session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on 24th and 26th November 1989 which was published under the name Poslední hurá. He considers it appropriate to put into context the events of November and December 1989, with political development in Czechoslovakia in January, at the turn of June and July, and in October 1989. This analysis attempt will be based on the principles of general linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The combination of hegemonic analysis and deconstruction will be used as a method of workflow. When analyzing the transformation of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, the author attempts to rely primarily on three principles deriving from discourse theory. The identity is not a fixed essence but it is created in the political struggles of the content of specific concepts. There have been attempts to fully fixate the identity of individuals, groups, society. But the identity is...
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Reflection of Gorbachev's reforms in the Rudé právo in the period 1985-1990
Fara, Pavel ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The thesis examines, how the journal Rudé právo reflected reforms of Michail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in period 1985 - 1990. Gorbachev tried to transform Soviet economy into a model that would include elements of the free market. Gorbachev also enforced democratic system of government and freedom of speech. To the Western part of the world Gorbachev offered negotiations on disarmament and destruction of nuclear weapons. By this initiative Gorbachev contributed to the end of the cold war. Gorbachev never thought about transition of the Soviet Union into capitalism and leaving the communist ideology. In Gorbachev's meaning communism was the only right ideology and reforms should modernize the Soviet system and enable next building of socialism. In the thesis quantitative content analysis has been used. This method allowed to obtain the necessary information. Thesis also informs about the role of Gorbachev's reforms and their process. Thesis than presents impact of these reforms to collapse of the USSR. By the content analysis range of editions of the journal Rudé právo in period 1985 - 1990 was explored. Relevant texts were evaluated according to the variables of analysis. 584 texts were analysed and therefore enough information to answer the hypotheses was obtained. Thesis also evaluates the objectivity...
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