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Intertextuality in academic writing: citation in soft and hard sciences
Štěpánková, Jana ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
Based on a corpus analysis of 72 research articles, this thesis examines citation practices in four academic disciplines, two soft (linguistics and art history) and two hard (biology and astronomy). The first part provides quantitative results for the usage of two basic types, integral and non-integral citation. The non-integral type is preferred mainly in biology (91%), whereas astronomy and linguistics do not show such strong preference. In art history, both types are used with similar frequencies. The second part is focused on integral citation and examines instances of its sub-types (verb-controlling, naming and non-citation). The third part analyses the distribution of citations in the individual sections of research articles which shows to be dependent on the structural organization of the article. In general, two tendencies have been found: in articles with IMRD structure (biology and linguistics), citations occur mainly in the introduction and discussion. In astronomy and art history, citations are almost evenly distributed across the text. The last part of this thesis is focused on reporting verbs and their semantic classification (research, cognitive and discourse acts). Astronomy shows strong preference for research acts verbs, whilst biology employs this type only slightly more often...
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Result/inference discourse connectives in academic texts
Tomešová, Klára ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The present thesis compares the use of result/inference discourse connectives in two corpora compiled by the author. The student corpus consists of 43 literary essays by Czech university students of English and American studies and the reference corpus contains 34 journal articles written by native expert writers. The main objective of the thesis was to determine to what extent students resemble professional writers in their use of result/inference connectives with respect to the frequency, position and scope of the connectives. The thesis revealed a strong overall overuse of result/inference connectives by students as well as overuse and underuse of individual connectives. It was also found that both types of writers generally prefer initial to non-initial placement of result/inference connectives; however, students more frequently use the connectives with the immediate scope.
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Commented translation
Šejnoha, Jiří ; Smutný, Milan (referee) ; Krhutová, Milena (advisor)
Tato práce popisuje proces překladu první kapitoly elektrotechnické učebnice z ČVUT. Tento překlad bude použit budoucími studenty ERASMU, kteří přijedou do Prahy studovat elektrotechniku. Tato práce se skládá ze seznamu vysvětlených překladových teorií, samotného přeloženého textu, demonstrací teorií na přeloženém textu a závěru s osobními zkušenostmi získanými tvořením této práce.
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Commented translation of a text on science and technology
Smejkal, Libor ; Mihai, Hana (referee) ; Kotásek, Miroslav (advisor)
Cílem této bakalářské práce je překlad technického textu z českého jazyka do anglického a okomentovat aspekty překladu a problémy s tím spojené. Vybraný text jsou elektronická skripta, sdílená na e-learningu a používána Vysokým Učením Technickým v Brně výhradně pro výukové účely v oboru mikroelektrotechnika. Teoretická část uvádí teorii překladu, její procedury, postupy a typy. Také obsahuje popis funkčních stylů, obzvláště stylu odborného. Praktická část je reprezentována překladem prvních dvou kapitol – Úvodem a technologií CMOS. Závěrečná – analytická část obsahuje komentáře různých problémů z odlišných lingvistických hledisek.
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Typical features and genres in English for Specific Purposes.
Behancová, Katarína ; Krhutová, Milena (referee) ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (advisor)
V 21. storočí môžeme hovoriť o obrovskom náraste ľudí používajúcich anglický jazyk v ich každodennom živote. Angličtina sa stala jazykom používaným v globálnej sfére a je používaná vo všetkých odborných oblastiach ako veda, technika, ekonómia, zákon alebo medicína. Každá z týchto oblastí si vytvorila svoju vlastnú “odnož“ anglického jazyka, ktorá má svoje špecifické vlastnosti a žánre. Napriek tomu, že je každá z týchto oblastí odborného štýlu úplne odlišná, cieľom tejto bakalárskej je preskúmať ich a identifikovať ich typické žánre, špecifické vlastnosti a odlišnosti medzi nimi na základe textov pochádzajúcich z odborných kníh a časopisov.
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On Professional Text Translation
Pémová, Petra ; Oganesjanová, Danuše (advisor) ; Rubáš, Stanislav (referee)
(in English): The work in this diploma contains the special syntactic structural features of Russian and Czech historical and political science texts. The author of the work takes as a theoretical starting point the principle that Russian scientific texts use more condensed forms of expression than Czech scientific texts, and uses evidence in this diploma to verify the truth of this principle. Quantitative research was carried out to test this theory via examination of Czech and Russian historical and political science texts in both original and translated forms. The original criteria for the choice of texts used was thematic closeness, time period of text creation and a minimum length of 5,000 words. This criteria was later expanded to 7,000 words for original texts and 9,000 words for original texts and their translations. In addition to this a translation analysis was carried out concerning condensation devices, expression dynamics and the implicitness and explicitness of the text. The contrastive analysis of applied condensation devices of Czech and Russian texts adheres to the classification framework of Czech linguist Milan Jelinek. The results of the author's analysis confirm that Russian political science and historical texts reach higher predicative tightness of expression and use more...
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The structure of scholarly texts in Middle and Modern Czech: a comparative syntactic analysis
Zitová, Anna ; Zikánová, Šárka (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with discourse relations as a parameter of style. Two sets of text samples were analysed, both of which are characterized by the same stylistics features within the cathegory of scholarly style but differ in the date of origin (1500-1620 for one set, 1950- for the other). Analysis is focused on the issue to which extent are semantic relations in the discourse structure marked up by explicit lexical means, i. e. by the discourse connectives. The sets of text samples were annotated according to the scheme used for the discourse annotation in The Prague Dependency Treebank. The hypothesis was confirmed that discourse relations are marked up by the discourse connectives more frequently in the set of texts from the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century than in the other set. It turns out in further investigation that the difference mentioned above was caused by different conventions in placing discourse connectives rather than by establishing different semantic relations between textual units. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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French Infinitive and its Role in Special Discourse.
Šumpelová, Gabriela ; Loucká, Hana (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
French infinitive is an indefinite verb form which does not reflect the morphological categories of person, number and mode, but is able to express the category of gender and relative chronology. The infinitive is aspect-nonspecific and not able to express tenses, which are related to the moment of realization of speech/discourse. From the syntactic point of view infinitive can act as a primary or secondary predicate. As the secondary predicate, French infinitive is one of the linguistic means capable of forming semi-predicative constructions. In special discourse, due to the above-mentioned characteristic functions, French infinitive serves as an important condenser and also contributes to other requirements of special discourse, its impersonal character and timeless validity.
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Verbal and non-verbal comunication in a representative selection of advertising texts
Marks, Pavel ; Palkosková, Olga (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The work deals with the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means of advertising messages in files promoting automobiles and banking products and services through printed brochures and company websites. Advertising texts use elements of journalistic, technical, administrative and artistic styles. Persuasive and attracting functions are dominant for them. These are of the verbal means represented primarily by imperatives, adjectives and adverbs in comparatives and superlatives, by a higher frequency of personal, possessive and totalizing pronouns. Lexically the functions of texts are supported primarily by vocabulary with positive expressivity and terminology of respective field. Enumerations, rhetorical questions, higher splitting of text and placing of persuading means into the rheme of the message are syntactically relevant. These features are also supported by repetition and combination of these means. Of the nonverbal means composition of individual elements within the advertising area, particularly the location of the product and company name, logo, slogan, ratio and layout of text and visual elements, play an important role. Above specified means and combinations thereof can be understood as a strategy of advertising message. Cognitive or affective strategies supported by an appeal to...
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