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The category of number in Italian: regular and irregular plural in nouns
KMEŤOVÁ, Kamila
The topic of this dissertation is the category of number in Italian. The goal of the dissertation is to describe this grammatical category in a detailed manner, to create a typology of regular and irregular forming of the plural of Italian nouns and to verify the special cases with the help of Italian synchronous corpuses. At first the grammatical categories are dealt with on a general level, then the situation is shown in Italian. In this part of the dissertation there is also a characterization of a "number" category and regular forming of a plural of nouns. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the irregular forming of a number. A typology of nouns with the same irregularities is presented. The focus is mainly on nouns which create two forms of a plural, where the frequency of these nouns is verified in the corpuses.
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Form and function of nouns in Czech: relation between nominal case and syntactic function. Based on a synchronic written corpus of Czech (SYN2005)
Jelínek, Tomáš ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
The case in Czech is the basic morphological means by which nouns express their function in a sentence. The objective of this thesis is to describe, from a frequency point of view, the relation between form and function of nouns, or, more precisely, how frequently cases (both simple and prepositional) are used to realise syntactic functions in sentences. The thesis is based on one of the largest corpora of written synchronic Czech: 100-million-token corpus SYN2005. In order to obtain data on frequencies of syntactic functions of nouns in relation to their cases, we annotated the corpus SYN2005 with a dependency syntactic annotation. For this annotation, we adopted the format of the analytical layer of the Prague Dependency Treebank. The syntactic annotation has been performed by a stochastic parser: the MST parser. Since the reliability of this annotation was not high enough, we have built an automatic correction module, which identifies errors of syntactic annotation in the output of the stochastic parser and corrects these errors by means of linguistic rules. We have implemented 26 different rules, but annotation errors have been reduced by merely 6-8%. However, this correction module can be further developed. It can be used to correct the output of any dependency parser trained on the data from...
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Feminization of French profession words - sociolinguistic aspects
Zikmundová, Kateřina ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): Feminization of nouns desribing professions and titles became a much debated question after feministic mouvement had started to talk about language androcentrism in public in the seventies. The objective of feminsation is to provide women with social visibility, which regards mainly women occupying important posts and functions. In spite of objections of both sociological and linguistic character, the process made rapid headway over the past few decades and many feminized nouns has become common.
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Grammatical Competence Development in a Child - Nouns
Hoffmanová, Judita ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the acquisition of grammatical categories of nouns (grammatical case, number, gender) in a child in the period of age ranging from two years and three months to two years and nine months. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part presents the principal personalities of psycholinguistics and theoretical approaches to learning a language. It defines the basic terminology, ontogenetic development of speech and the way of acquiring grammatical categories and particularities of constituent levels in the child speech. The other part is practical. Six 30-minute audio recordings of dialogues of an adult and a child were made in month-long intervals. The dialogues were transcribed by CHAT, that means by orthographic transcription. The transcripts were analysed in detail and the use as well as the development of grammatical noun categories, their function in a sentence and the occurrence of mini paradigms were studied. The monitored child used substantives as the most frequent part of speech from the very beginning, even if they were often accompanied by interjections in the first recording. All the cases were used at least once, but the most frequent ones were nominative and accusative cases. The analysis of grammatical number showed that the child used...
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Weak declension of masculine nouns in contemporary German
Kroutilová, Kamila ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
Presented bachelor thesis deals with the contemporary development trends in a weak declension of masculine nouns, which extend in two directions. There is transition from weak declension to strong declension on one side and mixed declension nouns ending in -or are inflected weakly on the other side. Marginally attention is paid to nouns, which have two forms in the singular nominative, e.g. der Friede, der Frieden, where examines which form is productive in the contemporary language. The first, theoretical part of this thesis deals with definition of weak declension and focuses to its conception in selected grammars and professional articles. In the second, practical part is performed corpus analysis using W Corpus of the Institute for German Language in Mannheim, which aims to demonstrate that the previously non-codified forms are used even in standard instances. Key Words: nouns, masculine, weak declension, corpus analysis
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The influence of grammatical profiles of Czech nouns on their acquisition by non-native speakers
Vokáčová, Martina ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Nagy, Marek (referee)
The present thesis examines the influence of Czech nouns frequency features on their acquisition by non-native speakers. The first theoretical part summarizes the ongoing discussion regarding the importance of frequency for the entrenchment of grammatical categories in one's mind as outlined by cognitive and psycho-linguists abroad. The second introduces the research methodology, collection method and annotation of 20 lemmas obtained from non-native Czech speaker corpus CzeSL-SGT. Subsequently, an analysis of selected nouns is carried out with regard to their grammatical profiles (comprising two or three most frequent case forms as found in SYN2015). Based on its results, the production of non-native speakers shows a tendency to follow grammatical profiles as demonstrated by high correspondence of frequency features of nouns on the one hand and by low error rate in morphology of most frequent forms on the other. Additionally, cases where lower rate does not correspond to the above mentioned model can be explained using type frequency, i.e. the productivity of particular declension models having simultaneously more far-reaching effect, and higher relevance of nominative as the default form for non-native speakers.
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Feminization of French profession words - sociolinguistic aspects
Zikmundová, Kateřina ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): Feminization of nouns desribing professions and titles became a much debated question after feministic mouvement had started to talk about language androcentrism in public in the seventies. The objective of feminsation is to provide women with social visibility, which regards mainly women occupying important posts and functions. In spite of objections of both sociological and linguistic character, the process made rapid headway over the past few decades and many feminized nouns has become common.
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