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GDP growth and welfare in developing countries: the case study of Nigeria from 2022-2022
Elias Oluwasegun, Emmanuel
This dissertation sought to assess the impact of economic growth, particularly measured by GDP growth, on various welfare indicators within the framework of Nigeria's economy over the past two decades (2002-2022). A critical literature review laid the groundwork, surveying existing research to establish a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evidence related to economic growth and welfare. The chosen methodology involved the analysis of trends in GDP growth and welfare indicators using secondary data collected from reputable sources. Multivariate regression analysis, executed with the STATA software, enabled a simultaneous examination of the effects of GDP growth on key indicators such as inequality, poverty, unemployment, and life expectancy. The study aimed to provide valuable insights into Nigeria's economic dynamics and their repercussions on societal well-being. By scrutinizing the nuanced relationships between GDP growth and various welfare metrics, the research contributes not only to academic scholarship but also informs policy formulation. The outcomes of this analysis are expected to guide policymakers and stakeholders in shaping strategies that promote sustainable economic growth, thereby positively impacting inequality, poverty rates, unemployment, and overall life expectancy. In essence, this thesis represents a systematic effort to unravel the complexities of the economic-social nexus in Nigeria, offering a holistic perspective on the ramifications of economic growth on the broader welfare landscape.
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Kampaně na eradikaci vybraných infekčních chorob ve Vietnamu s ohledem na socio-ekonomický a politický vývoj
Ostřanská, Simona
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the political and socio-economic development of Vietnam and its impact on the epidemiological situation. The first part of the thesis describes the key determinants of political and socio-economic development and their influence on the epidemiological and demographic trends in Vietnam. This section also provides an overview of the regional and ethnic divisions within the country. The thesis then focuses on the epidemiological transition and the period of the Đổi Mới reforms and their effects on the healthcare system. The main section is dedicated to the epidemiological situation after the reunification of Vietnam and the analysis of the efforts to eliminate tuberculosis and measles, with a detailed examination of the implemented campaigns and obstacles for the process of elimination. Based on this section, the final chapter explores the theme of social inequality and the challenges faced by ethnic minorities in Vietnamese society.
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Poverty, Inequality and Economic Growth: the Case of Post-Soviet Countries
Ren, Jiayi ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Li, Yating (referee) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
This paper empirically examines the triangular relationship between poverty, growth, and income inequality in 13 post-Soviet countries between 1998 and 2020. Regression results reveal that economic growth has a significant negative impact on poverty while income inequality has a significant positive impact on poverty. Initial conditions (both initial economic growth and initial income inequality) matter in explaining the change of poverty. Poverty tends to be more responsive to the change of income inequality. Growth effect and inequality effect varied across different subgroups. Moreover, mutual causality has been found between poverty and income inequality while the unidirectional impact of income inequality on growth is inverted- U shaped. Finally, a significant moderation effect of economic growth on the linkage between poverty and income inequality has been found.
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Comparison of Czech and Swedish legislation on gender equality in pay for equal work with application in professional sport
Vacek, Nikola ; Matějka Řehořová, Lucie (advisor) ; Morávek, Jakub (referee)
115 Comparison of Czech and Swedish legislation on gender equality in pay for equal work with application in professional sport Abstract The basis of this thesis is the hypothesis that, given the statistical results achieved by the Kingdom of Sweden across Europe, and even globally, in terms of the success of gender-equal pay for work of equal value, it is likely that many legislative and other support tools used in Sweden to achieve minimum to zero differences in pay for men, women and other gender people, are a absent in the Czech Republic given its statistical score and therefore also in noticeably worse result compared to Sweden's location. The aim of this thesis is therefore to assess whether this hypothesis is correct and, if necessary, to select individual institutes that help to effectively prevent gender inequalities in pay for work of equal value in Sweden, which should be incorporated into, or at least partially inspired by, the Czech legal order. To test the hypothesis set out, the work first looks at the very notion of gender and its complexity in collecting statistics on equal pay for work of equal value. Furthermore, the thesis addresses the adjustment of the principle of equal pay and associated relevant principles at national and European level. Subsequently, the most up-to-date studies...
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Women sports in Czech Television's Branky, body, vteřiny
Semrádová, Viktorie ; Chladová, Marta (advisor) ; Hrbáčková, Anna (referee)
The bachelor thesis Women sports in Czech Television's Branky, body, vteřiny deals with representation of women sports in the main sports news programme of the Czech Television, Branky, body, vteřiny in years 2010 and 2019. On several chosen broadcasts, it investigates the amount of representation of women sports (in comparison to men sports) and its differences between years 2010 and 2019. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part, with the help of existing scientific literature, examines the topic of gender inequality and its relation to the area of sports. Furthermore, through specific examples it describes the situation of women sports in the world and the Czech Republic from the view of active sportswomen and women functionaries. Special attention is paid to the relationship between women sports and media. In the chapter Ženský sport a média, we reflect existing knowledge through scientific papers and various media research. Also introduced is the core of our analysis, the programme Branky, body, vteřiny. The analytical part, by the means of quantitative content analysis, deals with the amount of coverage of women sports and its comparison with the coverage of men sports. It also examines the factors which could have possibly influenced the observed amounts (for example...
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Equal pay
Staňková, Martina ; Tomšej, Jakub (advisor) ; Matějka Řehořová, Lucie (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to explain the concept of equal pay, if society talks about equal pay at all, or rather if it talks about unequal pay. In order to understand the concept of equal remuneration, firstly it is necessary explain the definition of remuneration, its types, and the related systems of payment of individual remuneration. The concept of equal pay is based on fundamental principles such as the principle of equal treatment, the principle of fair pay and the principle of non-discrimination, which are always codified in legislation of the highest legal force. The thesis deals in detail with the legal regulation of equal pay, all at world, EU and domestic level. In contrast to global or EU legislation, national legislation is younger and less developed, yet it is given due attention. A thorough analysis can determine whether the legislation at the above levels is sufficient, applied and enforceable. The issue of equal pay or pay gap and the definition of equal work or work of equal value are also addressed by the Czech judiciary. The thesis provides key decisions that helps to develop the legal provisions. Gender and gender inequality are closely linked to the concept of unequal pay, as gender is the most common cause of unequal pay. Gender inequality in pay is expressed through the GPG...
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Quotas in politics as a way to obtain equality between the sexes?
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Vargovčíková, Jana (referee)
The main purpose of this text is to answer a question whether quotas in politics create conditions for obtaining equality between the sexes. Women's consistent underrepresentation in legislatures constitutes a democratic deficit and quotas are suggested as a possible means of attaining women's equal participation in political decision-making. Arguments for and against quotas will be showed. Quotas are aligned with several concepts - a politics of presence, descriptive representation and differentiated citizenship. It will be also explained why the unequal distribution of the unpaid labor of the family is a major obstacle for women to gain equality in politics. It will be described what types of quotas are actually applied, what are the effects of gender quotas in terms of numbers as well as the empowerment of women and under what conditions are women politicians able to make use of their positions as elected politicians. Attention will be paid to some years of experience with the implementation of quotas in Africa, whether the inclusion of women in politics furthers democratization and interests of women. South Africa will be showed as a country in which gender quotas are applied with success. In contrast negative effects of quotas in certain political system and context will be pointed out.
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Slums as a result of urbanization of poverty in Africa
Černá, Karolína ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of slums in Africa with a focus on its eastern region. First part presents information on the fundamental aspects of this issue in theory line, when primarily uses foreign publications. It specifically focuses on the influence of post- colonialism, the process of urbanization and the incidence of slums. Second part illustrates the situation on the example of slums in Nairobi and Addis Ababa. Its main purpose is to show the quality of life of local population. Analysis is performed by the three studies; one refers to Nairobi and two Addis Ababa. It also seeks to answer the research questions that are listed at the beginning of this part. Overall results suggest that local people live in very poor conditions which do not provide adequate housing, access to infrastructures and education, and the unemployment rate is very high. Keywords Urbanization, poverty, slums, inequality, capital
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