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The Metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas a object-oriented paradigm
Fiala, Jiří ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Peroutka, David (referee)
This thesis deals with the inspiration from god's creation in computer science and mostly in object-oriented paradigm (OOP), which is the basis of object-oriented programming. We also note that OOP is not just one inspiration used in computer science from the creation, but is a part of wider group, where we can discover an intelligent principle encapsulated in God's creation. In this thesis we mostly note the fact that OOP is like Thomas Aquinas metaphysis in terms of its abstraction of creation. Although this fact is not new, this issue is not discussed enough in computer science and in theology vice versa. Hence that is why we are discussing this issue. Based on available sources and own studies we offer practical examples used in OOP and comparing them with adequate ontology of Thomas Aquinas. With respect to available publications, we also remark nowadays knowledge to this issue.
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Philosophical basis for ethical treatment of animals
VRANKA, Matouš
The thesis deals with the conditions for rational thinking of the basic level of the ethical approach to non-human reality, especially to animals. The first part describes the concept of being/existence as discussed by three important scholastic teachings (Thomas Aquinas, Ian Duns Scotus and Frantisek Suárez), as well as the development of thinking about the good and the First Cause. In the second part, the issue of Hume's thesis and its possible overcoming through the thesis of supervenience is mentioned. Subsequently, knowledge from the metaphysical part is used as the basis for the formulation of a basic ethical attitude towards animals.
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Relating to another person in the ethics of E. Levinas
VOLFOVÁ, Adéla
The thesis is theoretically arranged and comprises two main chapters. It deals with an ethical concept of the relationship towards the Other person that is represented by a French philosopher of 20th century Emmanuel Levinas. The relationship between the Self and the Other is developed, in which the other person is always the primordial centre of my interest. The primary feature of Levinas´ ethics is to show it like the first philosophy. It is particular for him to understand metaphysics in a purely ethical concept. At Levinas, there is an event of a turn in ethics, when the current ontology, which is focused on a theoretical knowledge, is substituted by metaphysics. Morality is acknowledged as an essence of ethical relationship with the other person. This interpersonal relationship is always an asymmetric relationship and fundamentally ethical. Levinas´ ethics is the ethics of responsibility for the Other, in which is possible to approach the Other. The ethics deals with a concept of transcendence, Infinity, exteriority and interiority.
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Categorial Ontology Introduced by Aristotle and Edward Jonathan Lowe.
PRIEHRADNÁ, Markéta
This thesis aims to compare two ontologies regarding their ontological status of universals, namely the Aristotle's one and the Lowe's one. The first part deals with the extension of research of the being, in which the problem of universals plays a key role. The following chapters analyse the ontologies of Aristotle and Lowe with respect to their individual deficiencies. The last section compares the acquired data and describes the differences between the two ontologies. In Aristotle's approach these seem to be the ten categories of the basic entities, while in Lowe's approach there are four categories from the ontological square which may be qualified as basic beings. The last section also deals with other differences of the two ontologies, such as hylomorphism and the connection between universals and particulars.
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Philosophical Work of Nikolai Lossky
Haicl, Matouš ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Filová, Simona (referee)
This thesis presents the philosophical system of Nikolai Lossky. The thesis includes basic Lossky's biographical data and the philosophical system itself is interpreted from the point of view of three philosophical fields - gnoseology, metaphysics and ethics. Lossky was conceiving his system progressively with an emphasis on its inner interconnection. Firstly he formulated his study of intuition, by which he entered a dialogue with the European tradition because of his new concept of human cognition. Afterwards he postulated the dichotomy of two spheres of the world - the kingdom of God and the kingdom of dissension. A human being stands between these two worlds and theirs life mission is to find a way back to God. In the end there are presented some of the applications of Lossky's basic theses in a few shorter works and there is also a valuation of Lossky's contribution for today's philosophical tradition and possible perspectives of development of his thoughts.
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