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Democratic erosion and media in Central Europe
Nováčková, Michaela ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyses the declining media freedom in relation to the transformation of the ownership structure in Hungary and Poland. In the theoretical part, it introduces the reader to key concepts and definitions of democratic backsliding, which places in the context of the basic historical development of media freedom in the two selected countries. In the analytical part, the thesis focuses on three variables: state advertising, ownership structure and delegitimization of journalists, according to which it compares the situation in Hungary and Poland on the basis of a paired comparison. The aim is to find out what effect the changing ownership structure has on media freedom and how this is reflected in the quality of democracy of political regimes.
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Neo-authoritarianism and Media Systems Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe
Tepliakova, Mariia ; Vukov, Visnja (advisor) ; Kołodziej, Jacek (referee)
In several modern countries, media have to operate in "disabling environments" with limited journalistic freedom and judicial independence. Central and Eastern European states represent such settings to various extent, as the takeover of media regulatory organisations and decreasing media pluralism have become characteristic for this region, indicating a systemic shift. Nevertheless, the high- profile cases of Poland and Hungary could have contributed to overgeneralised conclusions regarding the nature of such transformations, attributing them to, inter alia, the rise of right-wing populism. Using the method of paired comparison, this thesis examines Poland and the Czech Republic to determine the exact mechanisms of change behind media capture in these countries. I contend that different manifestations of neo-authoritarianism in the region are responsible for manifold attacks on media independence, including sophisticated strategies of using SLAPPs, strategic lawsuits against public participation, and increasing concentration of media ownership combined with potential conflicts of interest. I conclude by suggesting directions for further research and policy-making to address media freedom on both national and European levels.
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Media freedom in the Visegrád Group countries from the perspective of journalists
Voráček, Michal ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Groman, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with media freedom in the Visegrád Group countries (Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) from the perspective of professional journalists. It aims to map how journalists in these four countries perceive freedom in relation to their profession - how they understand the concept of freedom of expression, what threatens freedom of expression or freedom of the media according to them, how free they feel in their profession and what is the trend regarding media freedom in the coming years in their opinion. The theoretical part thoroughly captures the historical development of freedom of expression, its legal protection in constitutional documents and international conventions, the limits of freedom of expression as well as forms of its restriction. It also introduces the most important non-governmental non- profit organizations monitoring media freedom in the world and presents the media environment in each country. The theoretical part also pursues the perception and approach of professional journalists to freedom of expression, media freedom and other journalistic concepts and values. The analytical part then follows a journalistic professional discourse in the form of a qualitative analysis based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with active journalists from the Visegrád...
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Selected aspects of the "EU Charter: Standard terms of media freedom in the EU"
Melíšková, Iva ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
The bachelor thesis Selected aspects of "the EU Charter: Standard terms of media freedom in the EU" is about selected influences which shaped the media environment in the European Union's member states. Firstly, it defines the tradition of freedom of speech in Europe as well as the role of certain institutions of the European Union, Council of Europe and international players which supports the freedom of speech. Some parts are dedicated to the media policy of the European Union and certain resolutions, directives and documents about media that occupied the European parliament in the past. The core of the paper is the document called "the EU Charter: Standard terms of media freedom in the EU" that reacts to changes and threats in member states' media environment. The aim of this thesis is to describe certain changes of media landscape in selected countries, which consequences these changes had and how it affected media pluralism in these states. Described aspects are: economic crisis in connection with the boom of online media, the concentration of media ownership and the media regulation. The thesis includes the analysis how "the EU Charter: Standard terms of media freedom in the EU" reacted to the situation in member states and if it had any impact and improved the situation.
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Freedom of pressindices and their reflection in media
Voslář, Václav ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents a contribution to the topic of critical examination of various ways to evaluate and compare the level of press (media) freedom in countries throughout the world. It analyses the process of presentation the conclusions of press freedom indices to the public. The analysis is guided on two levels. First, the form in which the press freedom indices are published is investigated. And second, the media reflection of these publications is examined. The starting-point of this analysis focuses on theoretical view on various definitions of press freedom. First part of the thesis therefore provides the summary of important fields that should not be forgotten by any conceptualization of press freedom. Second chapter deals with the problems connected to evaluations and comparisons of press freedom in general and then in particular concerning the Freedom of the Press index by Freedom House and World Press Freedom Index by Reporters Without Borders. In the second part of the thesis, Czech media reflection of the two concerned indices is analyzed. First, the specifics of the Czech media landscape are dealt with. Next, the content analysis is applied that should approach the way Czech media use the data provided by the indices. The thesis then concludes the most serious weaknesses in the process through...
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