|
|
The history of development of lower limb prostheses with focus on sport
Hájek, Matyáš ; Hruša, Jan (advisor) ; Černý, Pavel (referee)
Title: The history of development of lower limb prostheses with focus on sport Objectives: The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the information about the history of development of lower limb prosthesis, in general way and also with the focus on selected sports. Methods: This thesis is mainly a literature review. For this very topic, there was used a method of collecting data out of scientific articles and literature and other publications concentrating on this topic. Results: The result of this thesis is a literature review, which can be used as a source of information, about the development of lower limb prosthesis with the focus on sport and for a general use. This task is made especially for the ones, who are interested in the history of lower limb prostheses connected with sport. Keywords: history, prosthesis, lower limb, handicap, sport
|
|
|
Influence of a complex stretching exercise of lower limb on postural stability
Maier, Ludvík ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title: Influence of a complex stretching exercise of lower limb on postural stability Objectives:: The main objective of this diploma these is to find out, using dynamic computerized posturography, whether the increased mobility of the lower limbs has a positive influence on postural stability. Another partial objective is to determine efficiency of the practised stretching exercises. Methods: This is a pilot study where in research participated five probands whose measurement results were evaluated qualitatively. The aged of probands at the time of the first measurement was from 13 to 18 years. All probands are male volleyball league players and during the last two years occurred to a marked grow by all of them. Given their tall stature, it was expected a decrease in the mobility of the lower limbs and muscle shortening. To the data acquisition was used clinical examination of active range of motion and shortened muscle testing according to Janda. Postural stability was measured using computerized dynamic posturography SMART EquiTest System from Neurocom. Measured data were processed using the program NeuroCom Balance Manager software. In the Framework of study were conducted two intrumental measurements in the range of two months. After the first measurement all probands were instructed how to...
|
|
| |
|
|
Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Hallux Fracture
Dvořáčková, Kateřina ; Stupková, Michaela (advisor) ; Slezáková, Petra (referee)
Title: A Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Hallux Fracture Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to describe the theoretical aspects in the field of anatomy, kinesiology, traumatology and subsequently the rehabilitation of the foot. The purpose of the special part is a case study analysing a patient after a hallux fracture. Methods: The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts: a general and a special part. The general part highlights the theoretical knowledge about the distal part of the lower limb and shines light on the anatomical structure, the kinesiology of the foot and the biomechanics of walking. Furthermore, it focuses on the traumatology and the subsequent rehabilitation of the foot. The special part comprises of a case study of a patient, which is divided into an initial physiotherapy examination, a short term and long term therapy plan, a description of the individual therapeutic units, the resulting physiotherapy examination and an overall evaluation of the effect of the therapy. The work on this case report has been done during bachelor internship between January and February 2021 at the Všeobecná fakultní nemonice in Prague. Results: The patients' condition improved both objectively and subjectively after seven outpatient physiotherapy sessions. As a result,...
|
|
|
Casuistic study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with lower leg amputation
Štursová, Kristýna ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Hamouzová, Dita (referee)
Title: Casuistic study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with lower leg amputation Objectives: Theoretical knowledge summary of lower limb amputations, processing casuistic study of a patient with lower leg amputation and documentation of changes in health status after physiotherapy intervention. Methods: This bachelor thesis is divided into general and special part. The general part is focusing on theoretical knowledge of lower limb amputations and their rehabilitation. The special part contains casuistic study of a patient with lower limb amputation. The casuistic study was undertaken during my internship in Kladno Regional Hospital. It includes input kinesiological analysis, short-term and long-term physiotherapy treatment plan, all therapeutic units and output kinesiological analysis. Results: Physiotherapy treatment was an essential aspect of preoperative and postoperative phase. It has contributed to the improvement of the health condition of a patient and prepared the optimal starting position for next rehabilitation with the patient. Keywords: amputation, lower limb, physiotherapy, prosthesis, casuistic study, phantom pain
|
|
|
The effect of exercise with blood flow restriction on the development of muscle strength - meta analysis
Uher, Dominik ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title: The effect of exercise with blood flow restriction on the development of muscle strength Objectives: The aim of this work was to assess the magnitude of the effect of exercise with blood flow restriction on the development of muscle strength on the basis of a systematic research and to determine the main factors that moderate this increase. Methods: Primary sources were searched in the scientific databases Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science and Taylor and Francis. Individual training interventions were found in the included studies. Based on the training interventions, possible moderating factors of the magnitude of the effect on the development of muscular strength of the upper or lower limbs were defined. From the results of the studies, the effect size values of Cohen's d and Hedge's g were calculated. The influence of concrete parameters of application of the vascular occlusion and blood flow restriction exercise on the magnitude of the effect was evaluated on the basis of correlation analysis. Results: A total of 27 studies were included in this diploma thesis, in which 39 different trainings using blood flow restriction exercises were found and included. Based on the correlation analysis, no direct relationship was found between the exercise parameters and the magnitude of the...
|
|
|
Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones caused by taphonomic factors: Pohansko, 2nd church
Vitnerová, Tereza ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones can be caused by various taphonomic factors. It is important for our work how these changes will affects. The aim of the work was to process and subsequently evaluate the changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones. For analyses we chose set of adults from 2nd church burial ground Pohansko near Břeclav, we chose specifically braid of the lower limbs (cingulum membri inferioris) and free lower limb (pars libera membri inferioris). We wrote down taphonomic changes into prepared protocols, changes were typologically about damages and color changes. We used programs InkScape and AdobePhotoshop to transform paper protocols into digital form. Heat maps are outputs from this programms through them we are able to see incidence rate of individual changes. We most often detected the occurrence of an orange color on the bones of the lower limbs, so we focused on its cause. We found an increased content of silicon and aluminum in its chemical composition, so we assume that it could be an aluminosilicate weathering product. Key words: Pohansko, taphonomy, taphonomic factors, bone surface, lower limb
|
|
|
Muscle force during walking: effect of skeletal morphology
Tomášová, Kateřina ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
The muscle force determines the energy costs of locomotion and the loading of the musculoskeletal system. As the body size increases, the muscle force increases too. The observed less joint flexion in larger individuals could be a moderating mechanism to reduce muscle force when walking. To date, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of body size and joint angles on muscle force. The aim of this study was to investigate how body size affects muscle force in the stance phase of walking and whether larger individuals can effectively compensate for the increase in muscle force through postural changes. We acquired kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data for 19 men during normal walking and carrying additional 20 % of body weight. We estimated muscle force using the method of musculoskeletal modeling. We emploeyd the multiple linear regression to asses independent effect of body mass, lower limb length, biiliac breadth and joint flexion angle on total (iF) and maximum (maxF) lower limb muscle force. The body mass had a great positive effect on the gluteus medius muscle force (maxF and iF) but did not affect the iliopsoas muscle force (maxF and iF) nor the vasti muscles force (iF). The lower limb length had a positive effect on the gluteus maximus muscle force (maxF) and a negative effect...
|
|
|
Support for adaptation of a patient with lower limb amputation
CHMELÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
The number of patients with diabetes mellitus has been increasing recently. The so-called diabetic leg and related amputation treatment belong to the complications of the disease. Amputation or removal of the end part of a limb obviously affects not only the physical aspect of a patient, but also the psychical, social and spiritual aspects. It is therefore vital that each nurse is able to choose from suitable techniques of communication with such patients and to provide them with sufficient support in the adaptation to a new life role. Callista Roy also dealt with this issue and developed a model named after her, which can be applied to patients adapting to a newly arisen situation, which amputation of a lower limb definitely is. Three goals were set in the thesis. The first one was to find out what kind of problems patients after amputation of a lower limb see in the individual adaptation modes according to C. Roy. Then we focused on the interventions applied by nurses to the support for the adaptation in the individual adaptation modes and to what extent nurses work with stimuli in Roy's conception. The research was based on the data collection by means of a qualitative method, the techniques of semi-structured interviews, and involved observation of patients after amputation of a lower limb and of nurses working at a standard surgery department. After the saturation of the research sample set the data was analysed and processed by means of the "pencil & paper" method. The research has shown that nurses devote particular attention to the physiologic adaptation mode and to the interdependence mode in their practice. In terms of the satisfaction of the basic physiologic needs they mostly mentioned the assistance in self-service activities, in the sphere of excretion and very often also interventions contributing to pain relief. In the self-concept group identity adaptation mode nurses mostly apply suitable communication and provision of sufficient information. In terms of the role function adaptation mode we can say that nurses search for this kind of information, but no activity supporting this mode was found among the nurses. Unlike nurses, who pay the highest attention to the satisfaction of the physiologic adaptation mode and thereto related interdependence mode, patients see shortcomings in all four adaptation modes. In the physiologic adaptation mode patients mostly pointed out problems with movement manifested themselves in the deficit of self-care. In the sphere of self-concept group identity, they mentioned the feeling of helplessness and inferiority. Nearly all patients see a problem in the dependence on the nursing staff and the disability to play the roles once played. Among the most frequent stimuli affecting a patient after lower limb amputation are pains that nurses relieve by means of analgesics prescribed by physicians, patients also often mention the approach of the staff and social interaction owing to the absence of family members. The research has shown that nurses approach patients with dignity and also respect the incoming visitors. The information obtained by this research can be used as a basis for seminars focused on this issue and lead to the improvement of the nursing care about patients with amputation of a lower limb.
|
|
|
X-ray trauma diagnostic of the upper and lower extremities for the Trebic Hospital
ŘEHŮŘEK, Robert
Radiology is a field with a wide range of application in medicine; it greatly contributes to confirmation of diagnosis or even sets the diagnosis by itself. Radiodiagnostics is a field that is rapidly evolving. Thanks to the technical development during the latest decades many imaging methods are replaced with other techniques, i.e. computed tomography or imaging by using magnetic resonance. Despite of the big expansion and development of examination technology in radiology, conventional skiagraphy is still one of the first diagnostic methods for the most diseases. Conventional radiographs have irreplaceable role in the trauma diagnosis of axial skeleton. With the development of electronic systems digitalization of X-ray image also occurs. Digital radiography offers many advantages. In the theoretical part there were briefly described anatomical proportions of free upper and lower limbs, types of fractures, imaging methods in traumatology, the technical parameters of the used devices, and big part is devoted to individual injuries of free upper and lower limbs, and their basic X-ray projections, that are commonly used in radiodiagnostics departments. To the basic projections I briefly added possible special projections for given area according to the latest available literature, as well as the reference to the literature where I gained the information. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the incidence of the upper and lower limbs examination, depending on the calendar year, to compare the age range of the examined patients with trauma upper and lower limbs in a calendar year in Třebíč Hospital p. o. and to analyze the number of examinations of upper and lower limbs trauma at CT. There were four hypotheses: 1. The most common examined trauma of upper and lower limbs in Třebíč Hospital p. o. is distal forearm, 2. The largest group of examined patients with upper and lower limbs trauma in Třebíč Hospital p. o. during winter are senior citizens, 3. The largest group of examined patients with upper and lower limb trauma in Třebíč Hospital p. o. in the summer are children under 18 years, 4. The number of identical diagnoses from conventional X-ray and CT scans is the same. In the practical part of the thesis there was created transparent file of the frequency of trauma examinations of upper and lower limbs (loose upper and lower limbs) in Třebíč Hospital p. o. in the year 2015, when the indirect digitalization in X-ray department was. Then, number of examination for given part of the limbs in a calendar year was made. They were determined by age categories and there was conducted a comparison of examined patients with upper and lower limbs trauma in a calendar year for annual periods. The examinations sent to CT scan after the X-ray radiography were analyzed and the subtraction of the correct diagnoses by X-ray radiography was done. Required data were acquired from the hospital information system (NIS), version 2.0 of Třebíč Hospital p. o. Acquired data were processed and inserted into transparent graphs in the chapter Results. In the chapter Discussion the previous graphs are described according to set aims and the hypotheses are evaluated. This chapter also includes my comments and a summary of the results of the thesis and set hypotheses. The results show that all set objectives had been developed, illustrated and the hypotheses were verified. Hypothesis no. 1 was refuted it was revealed that the most common examination is the examination of the hand. Hypothesis no. 2 and no. 3 were also refuted the largest group of examined patients in both winter and summer belongs to the age category of 18-64 years. Hypothesis no. 4 was confirmed, in major part (92%) is the number of identical diagnosis the same for both methods. This thesis may be used by new radiology assistants, and other students. Senior radiology assistants may also use this thesis to refresh existing knowledge.
|
guest ::
