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Risks of Alpine Hiking on Protected Climbing Routes
Šupka, Matěj ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Brtník, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Risks of Alpine Hiking on Protected Climbing Routes Aims: The aim of this thesis was to assess the risk factors of alpine hiking on protected climbing routes based on a current literature review. Methods: The primary sources were articles from the Web of Science and EBSCO databases. Results and conclusions: The total accident rate on protected climbing routes in Austria amounted to 1684 cases from 2008 to 2018. It was found that great progress has been made in terms of equipment and safety on protected climbing routes together with technical advancements in gear. The current equipment represents groundbreaking technology that significantly reduces the occurrence of serious injuries during this activity. However, when using fall absorbers, younger and lighter climbers are still at a higher risk of injury. Keywords: Via ferrata, alpine hiking, klettersteig, equipment, safety, trekking
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Effect of caffeine on local isometric performance of finger flexors in sport climbers.
Ťuka, Jeroným ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Krupková, Dominika (referee)
Title: Effect of caffeine on local isometric performance of fingers in sport climbers. Targets: The aim of this study was to investigate whether caffeine affects local isometric finger flexor performance in sport climbers during a 4 minute all-out test and the maximal force test. Methods: 12 climbers participated in the testing during 3 visits to the LSM laboratory at the UK FTVS. During each visit, they completed a maximal strength test, a force gradient and an all-out test on a specific dynamometer. During the second and third testing we randomly administered caffeine or a placebo to the climbers and monitored whether there was a change in performance. Results: The average maximal force during the initial measurement was 48.8 kg (σ = 12.5 kg), with caffeine supplementation the average maximal force increased to 48.9 kg (σ = 11.5 kg). The average total work during the initial measurement was 3573.3 kg.s (σ = 810.2 kg.s), with caffeine supplementation there was an increase to 3700.8 kg.s (σ = 865.7 kg.s). The average work performed above critical strength during the initial measurement was 1242 kg.s (σ = 726 kg.s), with caffeine supplementation there was a decrease to 1215.2 kg.s (σ = 456.1 kg.s). The average critical force during the initial measurement was 15 kg (σ = 5.9 kg), increasing to 15.9...
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Physiological response to adventure activity
Řezník, Ondřej ; Psohlavec, Lukáš (advisor) ; Baláš, Jiří (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of height on the physiological response of the body and walking speed during challenge activity. Methods: The study included 27 subjects, with an average age of 23±2, who were students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (FTVS) at Charles University. The participants walked for 4 minutes over a low obstacle and 4 minutes over a high obstacle at their own pace, followed by 4 minutes over a low obstacle at a specified speed. The monitored parameters were heart rate (HR) and speed (V). Results: The average HR during walking over a low obstacle at the specified speed was 100 beats per minute (σ=12.335), and the average speed was 0.272 (σ=0.221). During walking over a high obstacle, the HR was 133 beats per minute (σ=16.125). During walking over a low obstacle at their own pace, the average HR was 111 beats per minute (σ=13.416), and the average speed was 0.706 (σ=0.269). Conclusion: Walking at height reflects the subjectively perceived risk through physiological responses. The height of the obstacle, which induces a subjectively perceived risk, increases the heart rate by 33 %. The walking speed decreased by an average of 0.434 m/s on the high obstacle. Kewords: adventure education, risk, heart rate, stress.
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Effect of caffeine supplementation on force gradient in forearm flexors
Běhounek, Michal ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Krupková, Dominika (referee)
Title: Effect of caffeine on rate of force development of finger flexors Objectives: The goal of this study is to assess the effect of caffeine on rate of force development of finger flexors. Methods: 10 hobby sport climbers (7 men, 3 women in age 20-34 years) during 3 visits of laboratory submit specific test to evaluate rate of force development of finger flexors. First measurement was the control one, in other two they were suplement by amout of 5mg/kg caffeine or placebo, in random order. The participants were measurement also for maximal strengh and and 4minutes all-out test. Results: Maximal speed of contraction in control measurement was in average 170,1 ± 54,3 kg/s. After suplementation of caffeine the average rises up to 190,9 ± 43,3 kg/s. The placebo average value was 156,9 ± 60,9 kg/s. Paired T-test does not confirm any significant differences between control measurement and measurement after caffeine suplementation. Conclusion: Results shown that caffeine does not affect the rate of force development of finger flexors. Key words: sport climbing, rate of force development (RFD), climbing dynamometer
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The effect of height on perceived anxiety when overcoming a challenge obstacle
Bóday, Anna ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Zdobinský, Adam (referee)
Title: The effect of height on perceived anxiety when overcoming a challenge obstacle Objectives: The aim of this final thesis was to determine the immediate psychical response of overcoming the adrenaline barrier in the natural environment. In two cases. At first without the heigh aspect and than with this height aspect. Afterwards we had compared difference between measure of anxiety in these two cases. Then we had compared the difference in the level of anxiety between women and men. Methods: The method of researching was standardized questionnaire CSAI -2, with 27 questions. Which targets three areas of anxiety - somatic, cognitiv, self-confidence. We had a group of 34 respondents with 20 female and 14 male aged 20-26. They had to answer on this questionnare just before they overcome the obstacle. First on the floor, and than up in eleven metres above the ground. Data was analyzed by statistic program R 4.1.2. Results: Between the low and high logs, there was a significant increase in somatic anxiety (V = 43, Padj <0.001) and cognitive anxiety (V = 93, Padj = 0.002), at the same time, there was a decrease in self-confidence (df = 33, t = 4.06, Padj <0.001). Anxiety levels between the low and high log are highly correlated for both somatic (τ = 0.478, z = 3.78, Padj <0.001) and cognitive anxiety...
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Effectivity of localized and whole-body active recovery strategies after exhaustive isometric finger flexor performance
Sechterová, Hana ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Author: Title: Objectives: Methods: Results: Bc. Hana Sechterová Effectivity of localized and whole-body active recovery strategies after exhaustive isometric finger flexor performance Determine the effect of localized and whole-body active recovery on repeated exhaustive isometric performance of fingers flexors. Determine the effect of systemic and muscle oxygen kinetics on level of recovery of fingers flexors during two types of active recovery. 7 men (age 31,3 ± 8,3) and 6 women (age 30,7 ± 8,1) underwent tests of systemic and muscle oxygen kinetics, then repeated intermitent isometric contractions of fingers flexors until exhaustion in three visits. The randomly chosen type of active recovery (with global enagaging of muscles, with isolated engaging of fingers flexors) was applied among tests until exhaustion. The performance of fingers flexors until exhaustion was measured in the intermitent test (8 s contraction, 2 s relaxation). Systemic oxygen kinetics (VO2max) was measured by using maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VT2). Muscle oxygen kinetics was measured by using infrared spectroscopy. The relationship among systemic and muscle oxygen kinetics and decrease of fingers flexors performance until exhaustion was calculated using the Pearson correlation...
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The effect of muscle relaxation time during intermittent isometric contractions on finger flexors oxygenation
Fílová, Veronika ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Author: Bc. Veronika Fílová Supervisor: doc. Jiří Baláš, Ph.D. Title: The effect of muscle relaxation time during intermittent isometric contractions on finger flexors oxygenation Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of recovery time during intermittent isometric contractions of the finger flexors on the overall performance and oxygenation of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle in climbers of different performance categories. Methods: 27 climbers were divided into two groups according to current climbing performance (red point (RP) more and less than 7 on the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) scale). Group No. 1 consisted of 7 men and 6 women with an average performance of 5+/6- on the UIAA scale with an average climbing experience of 4.2 years. Group No. 2 consisted of 7 women and 7 men with an average performance of 8- on the UIAA scale with an average climbing experience of 11.2 years. All climbers completed 4 measurements on a 1D-SAC (Spacelab, Sofia, Bulgaria) climbing dynamometer with simultaneous data measurement using Portamon (Artinis Medical Systems, Einsteinweg, Netherlands) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). During the first visit, the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the finger flexors and the sustained contraction of the...
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Effect of caffeine ingestion on intemittent isometric finger flexor contractions
Doktorová, Anežka ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Bačáková, Radka (referee)
Title: Effect of caffeine on finger flexor performance in sport climbers. Objectives: The goal of this work was to assess the effect of caffeine on the performance of the finger flexors during the all-out test in sports climbers. Another goal was to determine maximal strength in measured participants. Methods: 8 climbers (7 in the age 20-25 and one 34 years old) completed 3 experimental conditions during three laboratory visits to evaluate the effect of caffeine on finger flexor performance. The first was a control measurement and then, in random order, caffeine in the amount of 5mg/kg and placebo. Participants did a maximal strength test, a force gradient test and a 4-minute all-out test. Results: The maximum force reached an average of 49,0 kg during the control measurement, the total force impulse was 3889.6 kg.s, the critical force was 16,6 kg and the fatigue index was 68 %. After caffeine supplementation, the maximum strength values changed to 50,6 kg on average, for the force impulse to 3898,5 kg.s, the critical strength reached 15,7 kg and the fatigue index 69,1 %. The standard deviation of maximal strength shifted from 9,4 kg to 9,5 kg, the total force impulse from 684,4 kg.s to 717,5 kg.s, the critical force from 4,0 kg to 5,1 kg and the index fatigue from 6,2 % to 7,4 %. Key words:...
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Physiological responses of walking on high obstacle
Zíková, Kateřina ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Bunc, Václav (referee)
Title: Physiological responses of walking on high obstacles Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to determine the effect of height on the physiological response of the organism when crossing an obstacle. Methods: In this experimental study, the energy demand of crossing an obstacle was assessed using the method of indirect calorimetry. 27 probands were crossing a low obstacle for 4 minutes and an high obstacle for 4 minutes, the monitored parameters were heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT) Results: Crossing high obstacle raised physiological response compared to crossing low obstacle. VE parameter increased by an average of 87%. VO2 increased by 70%, RR by 39%, HR by 33%, VT by 27%. Conclusion: Walking high above the ground reflects the subjectively perceived risk with a physiological response. The height of the obstacle, which subjectively perceived risk, increases the metabolic demand of walking by 2/3. Kewords: balance, walking high above the ground, stress, energy expenditure
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