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Coca eradication programs and environmental detriment in Colombia
Bregante, Camilla ; Březinová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Camilla Bregante Coca eradication programs and environmental detriment in Colombia Abstract Conceived as U.S. assistance to Bogotá in combating Colombian drug cartels, Plan Colombia imposed the eradication of coca plants mainly through the fumigation with glyphosate. In the accusations against the Plan, human health issues largely surpassed discourses over environmental preservation. This thesis argued that the protection of biodiversity-rich Colombian ecosystems should be prioritized, hypothesizing harmful effects of Plan's implementation on flora and fauna. Building on the securitization theory, Colombian environmental detriment was proved to constitute a security issue. First, indeed, critical review of main toxicologists' studies on the matter revealed that the mixture used in fumigations deeply affects the ecosystems. Notably, a case study on Putumayo department emphasized damages on non-target vegetation and animals, which reduced to poverty the locals. Secondly, elaborating the data collected by the Integrated Illicit Crops Monitoring System (SIMCI) between 2001 and 2015, a comparative analysis between Putumayo and the Pacific region detected major crops displacement along the years, and, therefore, more and more forests cleared to grow coca. Finally, the last chapter described how, in the same...
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Nezákonný obchod s lidmi v Thajsku
Darmopilová, Petra
This master‘s thesis focuses on the issue of trafficking in persons in Thailand in the period of 2002-2017. The thesis answers research questions about the causes, size and consequences of trafficking in the country, as well as the impact of trafficking on the country’s security situation. The work presents approaches to assesing trafficking in persons and explores the most common forms of exploitation. The thesis also focuses on trafficking in persons within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), of which Thailand is a member. The 3P index will be used to gain some deeper understanding of the situation in Thailand and to compare selected ASEAN countries. Due to the specificity of data collecting the thesis uses among literature particularly the reports about trafficking in persons from the US Department of State and other reports from international organizations dealing with this issues and which regularly monitor the situation.
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Reconceptualizing Securitization Theory: A Case Study of the United Kingdom's Securitization of Libya in 2011
Voda, Matěj ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Váška, Jan (referee)
The first aim of this thesis is to describe the steps from the perspective of the United Kingdom, which led to the passing of the resolution 1973 and the subsequent military intervention in Libya in 2011. The theoretical framework is securitization theory. The second aim of this thesis is grounded in the theory and tries to highlight the importance of the concept of audience in the securitization framework. In order to achieve this goal, securitization theory is introduced; its limitations described and subsequently reconceptualized to better suit the research question. The theory is then applied on a case study of the securitizing discourse, preceding the intervention from 15th of February until 21st of March 2011. These events are described from the perspective of the United Kingdom, which together with the general overview corresponds with the hypothesis that the Cameron administration was a securitizing actor towards both national and international audience. Consequently, the analysis shows that the securitizing discourses differed based on the relevant audience. Although human security and democratic aspirations were the main referent objects in both discourses, protection of national security as a referent object was specific only to the national audience. In addition, Gaddafi regime was the...
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Predicting Conflicts via Maternal Mortality Rates? Human Security and the Emergence of Armed Conflict
Sommerová, Gabriela ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Bruner, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis provides a fact-based examination of the relevance of assumptions concerning the relationship of human insecurity and the emergence of conflict. This is done with a quantitative analysis of cross-country data on human insecurity and conflict during the period of 1990 - 2010. The approach of the thesis steps beyond the prevailing discussions on human security focused on normative judgements on the nature, legitimacy or applicability of the concept. Through a statistical analysis, it challenges the use of uncontested and ungraspable, yet influential, narratives of human security that result in implementation of inadequately informed programs and policies aimed at prevention of conflict by the international community and other actors. The analysis finds that a random set of indicators of human security, rather than human security as a concept, are related to conflict emergence. As a result, the thesis suggests surpassing the preoccupation with the use and application of the concept and instead accentuates inductive approach to formulating evidence-based conflict-prevention programs inspired by the ideas of human security rather than reasoned by the concept of human security. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The impact of US shale gas extraction on local dynamics between environmental- and economic- security frames
Burda, Ondřej ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This work focuses on situations where two different sectors of human security - economic and environmental - clash. It uses the currently popular topic of shale gas in the United States in order to determine what happens when such conflict occurs. It also tries to find out which sector potentially dominates in this conflict. The first part of the work defines the research questions, states my preliminary working thesis and discusses sources used. The theoretical background of the whole work is then outlined in the second part. Special attention is given to the concept of human security and the Copenhagen school, i.e. to elements that widened the traditional perception of security. The second part, however, is also engaged in the definition of the theoretical framework of given security sectors in the context of US shale gas. The third part is the core of the work's research. Here, various mini case studies within the United States and their economic and environmental variables are discussed. The aim is to find out what happened in specific cases when the clash of the two sectors occurred. The fourth part aims to outline the possible factors not mentioned in the third part, which, however, could still play a role in the shaping of the results. In the fifth section, there is a preliminary analysis of...
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Securitization of human security during the process of accepting the Responsibility to Protect doctrine
Kopečný, Tomáš ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
After the international community decided to response to the experiences of genocides and ethnic cleansing in Rwanda, former Yugoslavia or East Timor in the 1990s by putting forward human security protection in the form of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, it took another few years until the UN General Assembly officially accepted these principles in 2005. When compared to the initial proposal made by the ICISS in 2001, the UN World Summit Outcome document was much weaker in its demands. During the securitization process of human security, specific factors made these changes happen. The goal of this thesis is to answer the research question that is trying to explain this development: What factors caused the change of wording in the R2P concept in the 2005 document when compared to the original ICISS report? Theory of securitization was the main methodological tool based on which the thesis conducted the discourse analysis of speeches made by representatives of the permanent members of the UN Security Council. After analysing all the speeches related to R2P between December 2001 and September 2005, the thesis identified key discussion periods between the permanent members of the UN SC. Then it showed when and how did the countries articulate support for intervention at the expense of the...
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Modern Trends of Urban Development as a Significant Component of human-security policy in urban spaces of 21st Century
Masare, Vít ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this research paper is to answer the question: to what measure, from the perspective of the human security concept, do the progressive participatory- inclusive trends of urban development, built on the principle of organic thinking about city-society, represent a cheaper, efficient and long-term preventive strategies to counter violence and insecurity compared to rather traditional control-repressive reaction using security forces and whether they are universally applicable. The direction where the urban development agenda, eventually infrastructure building, will evolve has the capacity to influence everyday security and quality of life of more than half of the global population. No matter if and how the national armies are prepared, if and where can the state allocate basic energetic resources or how is the state ready to face eventual terrorist attack. Presented examples of a breakthrough transformation of society, physical environment and security n Bogotá under the mayors Mockus and Penalosa together with the transformation of development strategies of New York City based on the reflection of the globally growing discourse of the human scale urbanism and human security in cities under mayor Bloomberg both demonstrate that in efforts to increase the comprehensive quality of life and...
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The influence of human security in the process of legalisation and legitimisation of humanitarian intervention
Gřešák, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...
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The national security system of the Republic of Lebanon
Kužvart, Jan ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Národní bezpečnostní systém v Libanonu Jan Kužvart Abstract Diploma thesis "The National Security System of the Republic of Lebanon" (the LSS) deals with the system which keeps order and stability in Lebanon. The thesis also focuses on the possibility of its reform (i.e. security sector reform, SSR). The LSS contains army and other various security apparatus institutions and superior control bodies. It also includes external actors who are participating in SSR (for example the EU and the USA) or actors who are helping the Lebanese state to maintain security inside of its territory (e.g. UNIFIL). The LSS has strong normative dimension as well. It comprehends the unwritten rules of the game, the Lebanese foreign relations and fundamental Lebanese constitutional documents. The thesis delineates objects which the LSS is supposed to protect (i.e. Lebanon and its citizens) and threats which the LSS faces.
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