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Intake of a patient intoxicated with etylalcohol
NOŽIČKOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical and practical. The theoretical part was devoted to what ethyl alcohol actually is, how it behaves in the body and how it metabolizes. The subject of the thesis was also the combination of ethyl alcohol with other substances, the issue of alcohol addiction and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which can result in delirium. The behavior of such patients is unpredictable, they can be aggressive verbally, but also brachially. Several chapters in the theoretical part were therefore dedicated to specific communication with patients intoxicated with ethyl alcohol and at the same time aggressive. Another chapter of the theoretical part is also devoted to specific nursing care for such patients. Qualitative research was chosen for the research part of the work, which was carried out using semi-structured interviews. In the interviews, 6 respondents were asked 16 questions regarding admission of intoxicated patients to various departments, nursing care and communication with them. The respondents were selected intentionally so that the length of their experience was different and they worked in different departments. Data collection was carried out in April and May 2022. Before starting the interviews, all respondents were approached and asked for their willingness to answer individual questions. At the same time, they were informed that these interviews would be recorded on a dictaphone and would only serve the purpose of data processing for my work. They were also informed that the interviews would be anonymous, that their names and personal data would not appear anywhere, and that the interview records would be deleted after being transcribed. All respondents agreed with such a procedure. Based on the research conducted and after evaluating the data, it was found that all the research questions were answered and the research objectives were also met. The research showed that in all the wards visited, the intake of intoxicated patients is very similar except for small deviations, communication with such a patient is difficult and aggressiveness of such patients is very common. All those interviewed agreed that the behavior of the nursing staff towards such people is decent, at most the nurse will raise her voice at such a patient, that the help of the paramedics, sometimes even the police, is necessary, and in all departments the courting of the patient is used under very strict and clearly defined rules . After sobering up, the behavior of patients varies depending on age, also on whether it is a one-time overdose or the patient is brought by the emergency services more often.
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Awareness of the risk of paracetamol intoxication in the lay and professional population
HAVELKOVÁ, Barbora
The bachelor's thesis addresses awareness of the risks of paracetamol intoxication in the lay and professional population. Paracetamol is a very popular over-the-market drug. However, few are aware of the risks associated with improper use. At the same time, the thesis examines the knowledge and opinions of general nurses in the area of proper use of drugs containing paracetamol, the education of patients, and increasing competencies in the prescription of over-the-counter drugs. The theoretical part describes the issue of paracetamol intoxication, the group of drugs in which paracetamol is found, and, last but not least, the increase in competencies of the aforementioned prescription of over-the-market drugs, both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The objectives of the thesis were achieved by combining quantitative and qualitative research surveys. The quantitative investigation was carried out in the form of online questionnaires intended for the public. The qualitative investigation conducted a semi-structured interview with nurses working both in the hospital and in the ambulate sphere. The semi-structured interview mapped nurses' knowledge of the risks of paracetamol intoxication and views on increasing competencies in prescribing free medications. The results of the research survey show that the professional population (nurses) are oriented towards the risks of intoxication with paracetamol. Although the lay population does not know the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol, it knows the drugs that contain paracetamol.
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Care for a patient intoxicated by mushrooms - preparation of simulation scenarios
KOHOUTOVÁ, Denisa
The thesis focuses on patients mushroom poisoning and preparation of simulated scenarios. The thesis is mainly theoretical with addition of two simulated scenarios, which are supported by specialised literature, magazines and Czech or foreign websites. Firstly, intoxications in general overview, symptoms, first aid and treatment are studied. In the next chapters complete overview and description of mushrooms is given, without it the thesis would be incomplete. Lastly, mushroom intoxication, its symptoms, pre-hospital care, treatment and hospital care are described. Mushroom intoxication is immediate life threatening condition, if it is not treated correctly and in time. Suicide and accident can be reasons for this type of intoxication. Early diagnoses of the toxic substance in the mushroom and early treatment are used to treat even the harshest of cases. Most common, however less serious, intoxications are caused by panther cap, this type of mushroom is easily mistaken for blusher. As the most dangerous mushrooms intoxication is considered the one caused by death angel. Death angel consists of high number of toxins and is often mistaken for blusher or champignon. The death doses of this mushroom is estimated to only few tenths of a gram - in other words to one mushroom or less. Consumption of poisonous mushroom mostly affects liver and kidneys. Blood chemistry test, urine test and test of the gastric content are important parts of diagnosing mushroom intoxication. Important step of removing and eliminating toxins from patient's body is invoked vomiting and gastric lavage with administration of bituminous coal. Hospital care provided by nurse is significant part of intoxication treatment. Nurses take care of airways, they monitor basic vital functions, assist during invasive procedure, collect blood samples based on doctor's ordination and they provide hygienic care and decubitus prevention. Diploma thesis can be provided as a textbook material for nurses and paramedics. Mostly in regard to simulated scenarios.
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Mass intoxication from the point of view of a paramedic
KREJČOVÁ, Lucie
The topic of the Bachelor thesis is:"Mass intoxication from the point of view a paramedic. The work comprises two parts: theoretical and research. In the beginning, the theoretical part describes the types of the chosen mass intoxications and their subsequent therapy. It also touches on organ systems damage due to the impact of harmful substances, general therapeutic methods and finally, there are details of sorting and transporting patients during a vast mass intoxication. Qualitative method of data collection was used for the research part. The data were gathered in the form of semi-structured interviews with paramedics from the South Bohemian Region. There was one objective set for the research part. It was to map what forms of mass intoxications paramedics meet in connection with giving pre-hospital emergency treatment. Based on this objective, two research questions were set. Research question No. 1: What mass intoxications do paramedics expect in connection with exercising their profession? Research question No. 2: How do paramedics proceed when giving pre-hospital emergency treatment in mass intoxications? Respondents answered 25 questions that were prepared in advance. The data were analysed and classified in tables. It follows from the survey research that paramedics meet mass intoxications only sporadically while exercising their profession, yet in most above-mentioned mass intoxications they are well aware of the clinical picture and the subsequent therapeutic method.
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Poison by the carbon monoxide in Sounth Bohemia, patients triage
JIRSOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor's thesis on the topic of CO Intoxication in the South Bohemian Region and Triage of Patients is divided into two parts. A theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part is focused on the creation of carbon monoxide (hereinafter referred to as CO), its effect on the body, care for intoxicated people, triage of these people and options for prevention of this type of intoxication. Objective 1 was determined for the research part: Map awareness among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region regarding carbon monoxide poisoning and awareness regarding possibilities for prevention of this type of poisoning. Two research questions were determined on the basis of this objective. Research question 1 is: What is the level of awareness among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region regarding CO poisoning? Research question 2 is: Are the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region aware of the possibilities for prevention of CO poisoning? Research was further extended to include question 3, which is: Do workers of the emergency services in the South Bohemian Region know what the procedure is for treatment of a patient suspected of having suffered CO poisoning? A qualitative research method was used to gain the required data, this being in the form of semi-structured interviews with 16 inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region, divided into 4 groups according to their level of education. The data gained was divided into 12 parts. Summary of the research pointed to a lack of awareness among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region regarding CO intoxication. In view of the fact that this is the most frequent type of accidental intoxication, I regard it as important that the population's awareness of this issue be raised. On the basis of this, I designed an information leaflet which could be disseminated, for example via social networks. Another group investigated concerned procedure followed when treating a patient suspected of having suffered CO poisoning. This related to only four participants - paramedics who work for the Emergency Medical Services of the South Bohemian Region. Research pointed to them having sufficient knowledge of therapy for this type of intoxication and triage of those affected.
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The toxicity of vitamin D
Drouliskou, Eleftheria ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jiří (referee)
Vitamin D has essential role in skeletal health, however studies over the recent years have outlined its implication in many other physiological functions. The importance of vitamin D for health has, on one hand, raised needs for supplementation but may, on the other hand, lead to excessive administration. Vitamin D toxicity or hypervitaminosis D due to excess of vitamin D is a medical condition manifested mainly as hypercalcemia, with mostly gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long-term administration of large doses of vitamin D can result in vascular calcification and hence by associated with a cardiovascular risk. Hypervitaminosis D is extremely rare likely due to high therapeutic index of vitamin D. The clinical research shows an administration of 10.000 IU/day of vitamin D, which meets the criteria for the tolerable upper intake level, even for extended period, is probably not associated with adverse effects in almost all individuals in general population. However there are case studies globally showing vitamin D toxicity can occur due to misuse of over-the-counter vitamin D supplements, inappropriate prescribing or uncontrolled administration of high dose unlicensed preparations.
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Secondary and terciary prevention of addictive substance
Kurz, Roman ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Mlčková, Marie (referee)
My final work is about three basic types of prevention, which are used in the field of narcotic's prevention. It's mostly about secondary and tertiary prevention. Besides the basic terminology you can read about the details of differents preventions, who is responsible for it and also about the treatment of addictive behaviours. In my work you can also find the descriptions of legal and illegal narcotics, which excessive using leads to jones. The questions in the questionaire were created with a respect to the respondents - they are the clients of the mental treatment, who decided to help themselves (sometimes not for the first time).
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The crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Criminal Code
Velich, Roman ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Criminal Code The purpose of this thesis could be summarized as a complex analysis of a crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Czech Criminal Code. The described crime (sometimes named 'rauschdelikt᾿) represents one of possible approaches to a problematic question: How to hold a perpetrator who has committed a crime in mental state of insanity (irresponsibility), in which he had induced himself by use of alcohol, narcotics or similar substances, liable? As far as conformity with elementary principles of criminal law (such as 'nullum crimen sine culpa᾿) is concerned, the crime of habitual drunkenness seems to be the most suitable answer to the previous question. The crime of 'rauschdelikt᾿ is an old legal institute that is specific in many aspects. I have chosen the topic within the context of recent recodification of substantive criminal law. A previous regulation of this crime was often criticised for many reasons (e.g. improper title, too stringent penal sanction etc.). Thus we can now review if those criticised deficiencies have been set right. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis, such as 'insanity᾿, 'culpability᾿ and so on. The third subchapter...
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Social work with adolescents addicted to psychoactive substances
Malíková, Kristýna ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the serious problem of drug addiction among adolescents who are abusing addictive substances or marijuana. This increasingly important issue is discussed a lot, but very often neglected by the society. This thesis provides definitions and characteristics of individual drugs and their effects on adolescents. The need for prevention and treatment of adolescent clients is emphasized, alongside with the family support, which is often crucial. In the practical part, the author of the thesis focuses on organizations that are critically important in this field. These organizations focus on prevention, counseling services, social inclusion and treatment facilities (inpatient and outpatient services), etc. Their characteristics and methods of client treatment are described. Furthermore, in this work the author presents a survey that confirms the findings of some detailed quantitative research papers. The main findings are that drug abuse is a major problem of this century and also a burden on society, especially on the adolescents themselves. The solution is very complicated and time consuming, but everyone can contribute by not being indifferent to this problem.
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Intensive care of patient with metformin intoxication
Zajícová, Alena ; Povolná, Pavla (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Metformin is the first-line oral antidiabetic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the rate of new diagnosed cases of diabetes increases year-on-year, the number of patients who are prescribed metformin rises as well. In the Czech Republic only, 858,010 patients were treated for diabetes in 2015. 786,586 of them were treated for the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin intoxication, called also MALA (metformin- associated lactic acidosis) after its main symptom, is a rare complication (≤ 10 cases per 100,000 patients per year) in the metformin treatment, but the mortality is high (up to 50%). Metformin-induced lactic acidosis develops when the contraindications of metformin therapy are not respected or in the event of an acute disease linked with dehydration and hypoxia. Patients with MALA are hospitalized at the int ernal medicine intensive care unit or the department of anesthesiology and critical care with multiple organ failure. This thesis aims at determining whether procedural nursing care standards, implemented in the form of a nursing process, are actively used in practice on intensive care beds. Methodology: The empirical part is compiled in the form of a qualitative research, as a case study of a female patient suffering from metformin intoxication, caused by a suicide...
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