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Infant mortality in international comparison
Novotná, Veronika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to analyse detailed data on the development of infant mortality for different countries and their comparison. The countries were selected from several parts of Europe to provide high quality data for analysis. Different components of infant mortality with respect to data availability were examined as well as infant mortality by gender. Comparisons among selected countries were made based on different variability measures. Largely, the thesis deals with infant mortality depending on the level of development of the countries. Using regression and correlation analysis, infant mortality dependence was determined on various determinants with prerequisites to explain part of the infant mortality variability. The selected determinants include, for example, GDP per capita, unemployment rate or life expectancy.
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Analysis of infant mortality in social contexts
Prokešová, Monika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the development of infant neonatal mortality in the social context in the Czech Republic. In theoretical part the indicators of prenatal mortality are introduced and the changes of definition of live and dead newborn are examined. In addition the socio-economic indicators are defined in this part. In the analytical part of this thesis we will examine dependence between infant neonatal mortality and socio-economic indicators using the regression analysis. A the end the results of the thesis will be summarized and made recommendations for reduction of infant neonatal mortality.
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COMPARISON OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE BY AGE IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Sabó, Martin ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pachlová, Tereza (referee)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the comparison of mortality structure by age and includes 194 member countries of the World Health Organization. The aim of the thesis is to confront mortality development in these countries with the help of individual mortality characteristics. At the beginning of this thesis are defined demographic terms and indicators, data sources and calculation methodology. The databases of the World Health Organization and the World Bank were used as the main source of data and all countries were divided into six world regions. The second chapter is devoted to selected types of mortality, namely neonatal and infant, under-five mortality, maternal mortality and adult mortality. After that, the work focuses on life expectancy of 0 and 60 years of age divided per sex. The last chapter is devoted to the optimum retirement age in selected countries. Conclusion connects of the all above well, and we can find there comprehensive information about difference of mortality practically all over the world.
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Mortality in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases
Skalák, Zdeněk ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Mortality in the Czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937. We focus on a group of infectious diseases that had in this period in terms of cause of death still a high proportion. The rate of mortality due to infectious diseases is dependent on many aspects, such as the correct detection of the disease, effective vaccines and the level of medicine. It is these causes that brought about the sharp decline in mortality due to infectious diseases in the late 19th century. Hovewer, the First World War interupted this permanent decline and the newly created Czechoslovak state had to deal with relatively high mortality due to these diseases. The inter-war period saw recurrent epidemies of infectious deseases, nevertheless until the Second World War we can see the change in mortality due to causes. The infectious diseases are gradually replaced by modern diseases, especially cancers and diseases of the circulatory system. Key words: mortality, causes of death, infectious diseases, decomposition, classification of causes of death, medical discoveries, the level of health
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Infant mortality in the Czech Republic in the European context
Šornová, Martina ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
In this Bachelor thesis there is the development of infant mortality in the Czech Republic documented by basic indicators of infant mortality in the period 1950-2009. There are also the indicators of infant mortality compared and position of the Czech Republic among select countries was determined. In conclusion, the development and intensity of infant mortality of the Czech Republic is compared with the development and intensity of infant mortality of Slovakia. In the part the method of biometric analysis of infant mortality is applied. An alternative approach of finding the location of the line representing endogenous deaths through the differences of cumulative number of deaths is suggested for this method.
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Investigating Infant Mortality in New Zealand: Does Ethnicity Matter?
Merglová, Eva ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Nývlt, Ondřej (referee)
The existence of differences in the chance of survival of infants based on their ethnicity is a phenomenon known from various countries. The aim of this thesis is to add to the related body of research by conducting a complex differential analysis of infant mortality in main ethnic groups of New Zealand. Based on its findings, it should be possible to target supportive health and education programs more precisely. The analysis was performed using data supplied by the Ministry of Health of New Zealand and its results suggest that while some differences can be identified between ethnic groups under study based on age of infant, birth weight, length of pregnancy, age of mother, and primary cause of death, there does not seem to be a difference in the influence of infant's sex.
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Vývoj střední délky života a dlouhověkosti v ČR
Fridrichová, Barbora ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes trends in life expectancy of long-living people in the Czech Republic. Aim of this study is to compare developments in life expectancies for long-living people in the Czech Republic and Austria between 1960-2014, both in terms of predetermined age groups and between both sexes. This work also includes a projection of mortality rates and life expectancy. Projections are calculated for year 2050, specifically for people of 60 years and older, and it is based on mortality projections from the Czech Statistical Office. Values are given for men and women separately. While calculations and estimates show that life expectancy is extending, it impacts most developed countries with the burden of aging population, manifested by overal decline in mortality rates and increasing amount of elderly people. Historically in most societies an 80 year old, or older person was a rarity, but in recent years their number is increasing to the point of being a new normal. This trend is obviously positive, but it does pose a number of challenges for the respective societies, especially for their pension, social security and medical systems.
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The development of mortality in Western European countries and former Eastern Bloc countries
Zahrádková, Dita ; Dotlačilová, Petra (advisor) ; Fučíková, Simona (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse and compare the development of mortality in Western European countries and former Eastern Bloc countries from 1960 to 2013. The theoretical part describes basic indicators of mortality and algorithm for calculation of complete life tables. Age-specific death rates which are part of the life tables were equalized by using moving averages and Gompertz-Makeham function. The practical part of this thesis focuses on comparing selected countries in terms of development of infant mortality rate without distinction of sex. However, the development of infant mortality rate is also traced separately for boys and for girls here thanks to which we can watch changes in the trend of male's excess mortality. This thesis also includes comparison of life expectancy development at birth and life expectancy at higher ages in individual countries and finds out the influence of the communist regime on selected demographic indicators.
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Comparison of mortality in the Czech Republic and in other countries of the European Union
Tětěruková, Šárka ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is comparing the mortality in the Czech Republic to other countries in the European Union between 1960 and 2010. In the introductory part fundamental indicators and calculations related to the mortality are described. An important part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of infant mortality evolution (without distinction of gender) and life expectancy at birth, at the ages of 25 and 65 (with the distinction of each gender). States are divided into 4 observed groups -- "west", "north", "east" and "south". This division of European states was acquired from United Nations (UN), which uses it for statistical purposes. The main source of data for processing the graphs is the Human Mortality Database, missing data is completed from the Eurostat's database. Finally, a prediction of life expectancy at birth is carried out up to the year 2080, based on the projection of population development from Eurostat's database in 2013. The thesis provides comprehensive information about the dissimilarity of mortality in the defined groups of states.
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Determinanty úrovně kojenecké úmrtnosti ve vybraných afrických zemích
Morkusová, Andrea ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Pavlík, Petr (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse which determinants have an impact on infant mortality in West and East Africa for a year 2012 based on correlation and regression analysis. Representative countries Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal for West Africa and Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda for East Africa, were chosen. From the gained results and information, recommendation for possible better future development of infant mortality is concluded as the outcome of the diploma thesis aim. On base of data analysis, one variable, which influences a development of infant mortality, was not identified, but it can be assumed that a complex of variables affects the infant mortality. In this line with final findings, current strategy of development aid is focused primarily on local activities more than just on financial help.
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