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Study of chicken antibodies against viral S protein of SARS-CoV-2
Křížová, Tereza ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Svášková, Dagmar (referee)
In the beginning of the year 2020, the WHO declared a pandemic in relation with spreading of a new infection. The Covid-19 disease is mainly manifested by respiratory problems caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It enters the host cell through the ACE2 receptor, to which it is bound by the RBD domain of the surface "spike" protein. A possible way of protection against viral infection is vaccination, e.g. with an mRNA vaccine, which induces the production of a "spike" protein to invoke an immune response and antibody production. Another possible alternative for protection is passive immunotherapy. In this thesis, antibodies from chicken eggs were chosen, which are extensively used in the prevention of various viral and bacterial diseases. They are characterized by high binding affinity to antigens, they are economically inexpensive and are considered a rapid, simple and safe method of passive protection. Antibodies IgY were prepared from egg yolks of chickens vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine encoding a "spike" protein. The reactivity of the prepared antibodies with the whole "spike" protein (expressed in insect cells) was tested by ELISA, demonstrating the ability of the antibodies to bind to the antigen with high affinity. Subsequently, their ability to interact with the RBD domain itself (expressed in...
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Factors underlying parental decisions about childood vaccination
Kočišová, Eva ; Podaná, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hamplová, Dana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the issue of mothers' decision-making in relation to their child's vaccination against pneumococcal infections. An on-line survey of mothers was conducted (n = 180) in order to obtain data for the theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A hierarchical logistic regression was then performed in order to analyze the model with the intention to vaccinate as the dependent variable. The results of the regression analyses were supplemented by results of correlation analyses and non-parametric tests. The theory proved itself as a strong predictive instrument and the results suggest that the attitude is the main predictor of the decision in this non-representative sample of mothers. The subjective norm, as the second construct of the TPB, contributes only in certain case and the perceived behavioral control was not found influential at all. The perception of thread of contraindications of the vaccine proves also influential next to the attitude. The beliefs that mothers hold about the vaccine were analyzed according to mothers intentions to vaccinate (n = 70) or not to (n = 110). These results support the idea that mothers, especially those who do not want to vaccinate their children against pneumococcal infections, decide particularly according to...
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Factors underlying parental decisions about childood vaccination
Kočišová, Eva ; Podaná, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hamplová, Dana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the issue of mothers' decision-making in relation to their child's vaccination against pneumococcal infections. An on-line survey of mothers was conducted (n = 180) in order to obtain data for the theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A hierarchical logistic regression was then performed in order to analyze the model with the intention to vaccinate as the dependent variable. The results of the regression analyses were supplemented by results of correlation analyses and non-parametric tests. The theory proved itself as a strong predictive instrument and the results suggest that the attitude is the main predictor of the decision in this non-representative sample of mothers. The subjective norm, as the second construct of the TPB, contributes only in certain case and the perceived behavioral control was not found influential at all. The perception of thread of contraindications of the vaccine proves also influential next to the attitude. The beliefs that mothers hold about the vaccine were analyzed according to mothers intentions to vaccinate (n = 70) or not to (n = 110). These results support the idea that mothers, especially those who do not want to vaccinate their children against pneumococcal infections, decide particularly according to...
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Importance of childhood immunization coverage control
CHOCHOLOVÁ, Barbora
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of vaccination coverage among children. Vaccination in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and represents a very effective protection of children and adults not only against infectious diseases, but also against their consequences. It also prevents the development of infectious diseases. Vaccination is one of the most successful preventive methods that affect the health of individuals and the whole population. Vaccination is also very important for unvaccinated individuals. If the population reaches a high level of vaccination coverage, the spread of infection between vaccinated individuals is interrupted which significantly reduces the risk of transmission of infection to unvaccinated individuals as well. Vaccination thus protects also those who cannot be vaccinated because of illness, decreased immunity or other reasons. Currently, however, there are some opinions which question the usefulness and importance of compulsory vaccination. An increasing number of those who refuse vaccination occur due to the increased accessibility of the Internet and social networks, where we can notice a growing amount of information to the disadvantage of vaccination. The most common reason for refusing vaccination is the belief that some vaccinations are not necessary. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The first theoretical chapter contains an introduction to the issue of vaccination. In the following part of my thesis I deal with the system of vaccination in the Czech Republic, its planning, organization and control, and the role of public health protection authorities. The following chapter deals with the importance and division of vaccination and kinds of vaccines. The thesis is also focused on the diseases which are vaccinated against under mandatory vaccination scheme. At present mandatory vaccination in the Czech Republic includes vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, rubella, mumps, measles, transmissible polio, hepatitis B and invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Vaccination especially against tick-borne encephalitis, hepatitis A, diseases caused by pneumococci and invasive meningococcal disease is recommended. Last but not least, I also mention contraindications for vaccination and the adverse reactions after the vaccination. In the next chapter of the theoretical part I write about the implementation of vaccination and the control management of vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. In conclusion of the theoretical part I deal with the issue of vaccination opponents and their reasons for refusing vaccination.
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Health and social issues of vaccination
OLIVOVÁ, Vladimíra
The system of vaccination in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and the protection of public health and maintenance of a high immunization coverage in the population have always been a priority. The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to perform an analysis of the morbidity levels of infectious diseases against which voluntary or mandatory vaccination is available in children and adults and of their social and health impacts, provide a rationale for vaccination and demonstrate the consequences of vaccine denialism. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis is based upon the analysis of scientific literature and represents a comprehensive introduction to the concept of vaccination, including a brief overview of the course, consequences and current spread of selected infectious diseases against which vaccination is available. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is a combination of a secondary data analysis and quantitative research investigation utilizing the method of anonymous questionnaires, aimed at uncovering the opinions of citizens on the vaccination of children and adults. Three hypotheses were formulated. The H1 hypothesis that "The opinions of respondents concerning vaccination will differ based on their age", The H2 hypothesis that "Respondents with tertiary education have more information on the course and potential consequences of infectious diseases which can be vaccinated against" and The H3 hypothesis that "Younger respondents make use of the subsidization of non-mandatory vaccination provided by the insurance companies more often". The issue of vaccination has become an often-discussed topic in the recent years, in particular in relation to vaccination mandates. Vaccination objectors and organized anti-vaccination movements have begun to appear, resulting in undue emphasis being placed on detrimental side effects of vaccination, while ignoring the risks of infectious diseases and their health and social impacts.
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of serine protease SmSP1 in \kur{Schistosoma mansoni}
OPAVSKÝ, David
SmSP1 is a chimerical serine protease consisted of three domains (cub, LDLa and trypsin-like) and found in Schistosoma mansoni. Its characterization was performed by molecular techniques such as PCR screen, qRT-PCR and RNA interference (RNAi) to gain information about expression profile, level expression and susceptibility to RNAi. Further, protein expression was carried out to gain an antigen for immunization and recombinant for biochemical studies. Results of PCR screen and qRT-PCR suggested possible function of SmSP1 in egg and adult stages but SmSP1 gene was not found susceptible to RNAi in NTS. Recombinant from E. coli was successfully used for immunization. Active recombinant was likely expressed in Pichia pastoris but expression conditions are unstable and expression optimization is necessary.
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Possibilities of pre-travel consultancy and specific prophylaxis of imported infectious diseases in the region of South Bohemia
RYTÍŘOVÁ, Zuzana
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the problems of imported infectious diseases. It comprises the factors influencing their incidence and the possibilities of specific and nonspecific prophylaxis and prevention. Further on, this part focuses on chosen infectious diseases, their epidemiological and clinical characteristics and trends in incidence. These infections are divided according to possibilities of specific prophylaxis. The thesis offers an overview of the possibilities of pre-travel consultancy in the South Bohemia region. The practical part of the thesis aims at the characterization of the incidence of imported infectious diseases in the districts within the region of South Bohemia in the years 2000 ? 2010. It also presents a survey of medical facilities and other subjects providing pre-travel consultancy and specific prophylaxis in the sphere of imported infectious diseases prevention. During the monitoring period, the total number of imported diseases which occurred in the region of South Bohemia and were registered in the EPIDAT system was 351. Out of this number, 205 cases occurred in the district of České Budějovice. (Český Krumlov ? 47, Jindřichův Hradec ? 25, Písek ? 2, Prachatice ? 17, Strakonice ? 31, Tábor ? 24). The most frequent imported infections were alimentary infections (240 cases, i.e.68 %); out of this, the most frequent cases were diseases caused by Salmonella (73 cases), Shigella (71 cases) and campylobacters (42 cases). The most frequent countries of origin were Egypt (43 cases), Croatia (42 cases) and India (30 cases). The number of medical facilities and other subjects providing pre-travelling consultancy and specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases rose from nine to thirteen during the period of monitoring. Four hypotheses were determined within this thesis. Hypothesis no.1 ? during the period of monitoring the total number of imported infectious diseases increased. Hypothesis no.2 ? during the period of monitoring the total number of infectious diseases imported from exotic destinations increased. Hypothesis no. 3 ? during the period of monitoring there was an increase in the number of the facilities and other subjects providing pre-travel advice, vaccination or other specific prophylaxis. Hypothesis no. 4 ? the increasing number of medical facilities or other subjects providing pre-travel advice, vaccination or other specific prophylaxis did not influence an increase in the number of imported infectious diseases during the period of monitoring. Only hypotheses no. 3 and no. 4 were proved.
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