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The transport policy of Nazi Germany in the years 1933-1939
Kulštrunk, Jiří ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This thesis examines the employment policies of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. The main emphasis is on the development of transport infrastructure and the automotive industry. These were chosen as "appropriate" to restore economic growth and tackle unemployment. A positive effect on the labor market is confirmed, due to a shortage of workers in the late thirties. Simple calculations and analysis of available statistical data show that the production of motor vehicles and roads and highways construction were not the main "drivers" of economic growth in and of themselves. However, their advantage was the binding of an additional industry and the resulting multiplier effect. After considering the economical results of the automotive industry and the subsequent international comparison, it is refuted that there was a mass motorization in Germany during the thirties. The military importance of transport policy was also very low, because the army preferred to other types of transportation. By comparing the selected measures of previous governments, it is demonstrated that the Nazi economic policy was not nearly as innovative, but rather followed and expanded the previous one.
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Is economic growth compatible with deflation? A case study of the United States in the 19th century
Němec, Petr ; Potužák, Pavel (advisor) ; Kadeřábková, Božena (referee)
In this thesis I examine the compatibility of deflation and economic growth. I summarize the negative effects of deflation and the conditions in which it works contrary to growth. Then I introduce arguments in favor of deflation as a phenomenon leading to the effective allocation of resources. I use the ordinary least squares method in order to estimate the relationship between deflation and economic growth. Data derived from the USA during the time period from 1800 to 1913 confirm the hypothesis that deflation is compatible with economic growth. Deflation is unambiguously compatible with economic growth in cases of growing productivity of factors of production.
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Finding an Optimal Size of Government
Husár, Ján ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pikhart, Zdeněk (referee)
In the 20th century, we were witnesses an unprecedented growth of public expenditure across all the developed countries of the world. With this phenomenon was created a hypothesis about the negative impact of public expenditure on economic growth and in response to it, economists did many studies which tried to verify this negative effect. In the 80ties the first studies which confirmed the negative linear dependence of these two macroeconomic aggregates. It means greater public sector has negative impact to economic growth of countries. In the 90ties the studies which verify the nonlinear dependence of the inverted U-shaped curve with a peak where is the optimal size of public sector. This concept is collectively called "Armey curve" or "BARS curve" and my final thesis deals by this concept and my goal is to introduce BARS concept to Czech readers. It reflects the evolution of public expenditure in the 20th century and describes the theoretical and empirical development of the whole concept until now. It means a hypothesis about the positive benefits of government activities in the economy to a certain point - "optimal point" and the negative after this point. The final thesis also offers custom research on a sample of the Visegrad Four countries in years from 1995 to 2012. The aim of the research is to verify the linear dependence of growth of GDP and the share of public expenditure in GDP and the existence BARS curve and the optimal size of public spending across countries.
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Změny v regionální politice v novém programovém období 2014 - 2020
Warzechová, Petra
The thesis is focused on the identification of changes in regional policy in the new programming period, based on a comparison of program for 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. It is also focused on the implications of these changes for applicants and implementers of the project applications. The first section identifies changes in regional policy on European level, then changes on national level. It will identify changes in the level of cohesion regions and finally there is an effort to formulate recommendations for subjects that face that problem of regional policy-related areas, specifically for applicants and im-plementers of the project applications in the new period.
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Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth: Evidence from European Industrial Sector
Adjei, David Danquah
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze and estimate the impact of research and development (R&D) on the economy of the EU. The impact of Labour Force and Gross Fixed Capital Formation are also investigated alongside. Using Ordinary Least Squares method and data from 1993 to 2013, the results show that R&D in the form of Gross Expenditure on R&D in the EU plays a positive significant role in economic growth as well as the other factors; labour force and gross fixed capital formation. Graphical analysis of factors that influence R&D in member states show that the R&D efforts and intensities are very dissimilar. Based on these, this paper recommends a two-prong approach by the EU to increase R&D and Innovation intensity by focusing on increasing R&D intensity in both private and public sectors of individual member states. Apart from governments providing more fiscal support for R&D, the EU is advised to introduce a more detailed R&D scoreboard which will cover both private and public sectors of member states to highlight the real situation of R&D in the Union. This paper concludes that the EU 3% target of R&D intensity by the year 2020 is only possible if they will focus more on increasing the intensity as recommended
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Has financial assistance effect on developing countries´s economic growth?
Vokurková, Lucie ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
The relationship between foreign aid and economic growth has been the subject of many debates: it augments the growth of countries with good policy environment, in countries with a higher proportion of bilateral aid over multilateral, outside the tropics or just simply with diminishing returns to aid. With the expansion of testing previous studies there is shown that generally aid in all likelihood increases the growth rate. The primary aim of thesis is to find noneconomic or nonpolitical aspects that cause difference in aid efficiency in developing countries. There is statistical significance of synergy effect of cross -- country regression with panel data of 450 observations in time period 1981-2010. It is supported by interaction term of received aid and indicators of specific institutional environment of particular states of Sub-Saharan Africa and it is conditioned on following: foreign aid increases economic growth in religion unity states and out of coastal states.
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Chinese and Japanese economic growth during the period 2000-2012
Klapáčová, Miroslava ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Zapletal, Petr (referee)
The paper deals with Chinese and Japanese economic growth during the period 2000-2012. Whereas China is a rapidly growing developing country, Japan belongs among developed market economies. However, both of them play an important role in the world economy. The main objective of this paper is to examine the growth of these two differently situated economies of Asian region and furthermore perform a detailed analysis in order to determine the share of contribution of the foreign trade to this growth. The study is mainly focused on the development and structural changes in economy and foreign trade of both countries in the observed period. Attention is also paid to the impact of the development of foreign trade to overall economic growth of the countries.
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Impact of foreign aid and remittances on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Vokolek, Aleš ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to determine what impact of foreign aid on economic growth in Sub-Saharan countries is. For this purpose the foreign aid is decomposed into several groups and at the same time the difference between commitment and disbursement is taken into account. For estimation of the model the study uses the method of five and three-years moving averages as well as the method of Generalized Linear Models. According to the results there is observable a positive influence on GDP per capita in case of foreign aid for education and in case of foreign aid for private business. On the contrary, foreign aid for agriculture, foreign aid for infrastructure and debt aid have negative impact on economic growth. In case of explanatory variables as remittances and fiscal foreign aid there is no proof of their significance in the model.
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Analysis of Selected Macroeconomic Debt Relations of the Polish and Czech Economies in the Period of 2000-2010
Jež, Marek ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
The thesis deals with the analysis of the development of the fast-paced debt growth of Polish and Czech economies in the years between 2000 and 2010. It focuses on the most debt-ridden sectors; those of households and government institutions. The thesis identifies the causes of the dynamic debt increase of these sectors in both economies. The outcome of the analysis is also the evaluation of the debt expansion influence on the growth of GDP. The evaluation is based on the available data from the databases of statistical offices and central banks. The cause behind the debt of households is a confluence of several factors both on the part of demand and offer. Apparently, the key factor is the relaxed monetary policy of the central bank. The cause of government institutions debt are predominantly the anually created state budget deficits, and thus maintained an expansive character of the fiscal policies. Debt therefore additionally stimulated the economies in what already was a period of growth.
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